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Author(s): Lydia Gabriela Speyer [sup.1] [sup.2] , Ruth Harriet Brown [sup.2] , Denis Ribeaud [sup.3] , Manuel Eisner [sup.3] [sup.4] , Aja Louise Murray [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.5335.0, 0000000121885934, [...], A maladaptive response to stress in individuals with high ADHD traits may be a key factor explaining co-occurring ADHD symptoms and internalising problems. The current study investigates whether between-person differences in ADHD traits are associated with differences in the within-person moment-to-moment coupling of stress and negative affect; and whether these can explain between-person differences in internalising problems (N = 262, median-age 20). Results of a dynamic structural equation model indicated that between-person differences in ADHD traits significantly moderated the daily life coupling between stress and negative affect. Further, higher ADHD traits were associated with stronger stress carry-over and higher mean levels of negative affect. Stress carry-over and mean levels of negative affect mediated the association between ADHD traits and internalising problems.

Author(s): Thomas A. Fergus [sup.1] , Lance P. Kelley [sup.2] , Jackson O. Griggs [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (Aff1) 0000 0001 2111 2894, grid.252890.4, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, [...], Extant research provides equivocal conclusions if the combined presentation of health anxiety with severe somatic symptoms confers risk for greater future primary care usage. The present study further examined the combination of health anxiety and somatic symptoms as a predictor of healthcare usage in primary care. Using a prospective longitudinal design, a large sample (N = 530) of patients presenting for treatment at a community health center completed self-report measures assessing health anxiety and somatic symptom severity. A medical record review at the time of questionnaire administration and 1 year following that administration was completed to assess the frequency of medical visits during the preceding and subsequent year. As expected, the interactive effect between health anxiety and somatic symptom severity predicted greater subsequent year medical visits. Covariates included preceding year medical visits, sociodemographic variables, body mass index, smoking status, and depressive symptom severity. Simple effects indicated that health anxiety predicted greater subsequent year medical visits when coupled with relatively severe, but not mild, somatic symptoms. Assessing health anxiety and somatic symptom severity in primary care settings could be important for identifying individuals at risk for future frequent healthcare visits and who may benefit from intervention.

Author(s): Aleksandra Kroemeke [sup.1] , Zuzanna Kwissa-Gajewska [sup.1] , Malgorzata Sobczyk-Kruszelnicka [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (Aff1) 0000 0001 2184 0541, grid.433893.6, Department of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, [...], This study examines the indirect effect between parallel fluctuation in daily physical symptoms, symptom-related coping, and mood in patients following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Two models were analyzed with a within-person mediating role of coping and mood, respectively. Physical symptoms, coping (brooding, reflection, co-rumination, positive reframing, venting, acceptance, and active coping), and positive (PA) and negative affect (NA) were reported by 229 patients for 28 consecutive evenings after post-transplant hospital discharge. The mediating role of coping fluctuation was partially supported since a competitive model assuming coping reactivity was more reliable. Fluctuation in daily PA and NA mediated relationship of physical symptoms with brooding, co-rumination and venting. Daily changes in positive reframing, acceptance and reflection, partially mediated the association between changes in physical symptoms and mood. The study results indicate the usefulness of intervention addressed to the management of daily mood and stimulation of positive reframing and acceptance in post-HSCT patients.

Mycoplasma genitalium causes nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) in men and is associated with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), spontaneous abortion, and premature labor in women (1,2). Most guidelines recommend azithromycin as a [...]

Author(s): Christine K. Syriopoulou-Delli [sup.1] , Stavroula A. Polychronopoulou [sup.2] , Gerasimos A. Kolaitis [sup.3] , Alexandros-Stamatios G. Antoniou [sup.4] Author Affiliations: (Aff1) 0000000099025603, grid.10212.30, Department of Educational and Social [...], People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit comorbidity with anxiety. The aim of this study was the investigation of the perception of teachers on anxiety in school children with ASD. The Scale Teacher Response (SAS-TR) questionnaire was completed by 291 special education and 118 general education teachers, providing data on students in their classes with ASD and of typical development (TD), respectively. According to the total scores on SAS-TR, 46.8% of the children with ASD presented levels of anxiety within the clinical spectrum compared with 15.3% of the children of TD. Gender and age were not associated with the anxiety scores, but in the children with ASD, higher intelligence quotient (IQ) was weakly, and better verbal skills more strongly correlated with a higher anxiety level. Teachers' awareness of anxiety symptoms in children with ASD may contribute to their social inclusion.

Author(s): Jonathan D. Rodgers [sup.1] , Jennifer Lodi-Smith [sup.1] , James P. Donnelly [sup.1] , Christopher Lopata [sup.1] , Christin A. McDonald [sup.2] , Marcus L. Thomeer [sup.1] , Alanna [...], Prior studies of sex-based differences in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have yielded mixed findings. This study examined ASD symptom severity and functional correlates in a sample of 34 high-functioning females with ASD (HFASD; M age = 8.93; M IQ = 104.64) compared to 34 matched males (M age = 8.96; M IQ = 104.44) using the Social Responsiveness Scale-Second Edition (SRS-2). Results identified non-significant and minimal differences (negligible-to-small) on the SRS-2 total, DSM-5 symptom subscale, and treatment subscale scores. Significant negative (moderate) correlations were found between the SRS-2 Social Cognition subscale and IQ and language scores and between the SRS-2 Social Motivation subscale and receptive language scores for females only; no significant correlations were found for males.

Author(s): Troy Vargason [sup.1] [sup.2] , Deborah L. McGuinness [sup.3] , Juergen Hahn [sup.1] [sup.4] Author Affiliations: (Aff1) 0000 0001 2160 9198, grid.33647.35, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, [...], A retrospective analysis of administrative claims data from a large U.S. health insurer was performed to study a potential association between oral antibiotic use during early childhood and occurrence of later gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Among 3253 children with ASD, 37.0% had a GI-related diagnosis during the last 2 years of their 5-year health coverage enrollment period, compared to 20.0% of 278,370 children from the general population without an ASD diagnosis. Greater numbers of oral antibiotic fills during the first 3 years of enrollment were found to significantly increase the hazard rate of having a later GI-related diagnosis (adjusted hazard ratio 1.48; 95% confidence interval 1.34, 1.63) in children both with and without ASD.

Author(s): Amy Burns [sup.1] , Mandy Irvine [sup.2] , Kate Woodcock [sup.1] [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (Aff1) 0000 0004 0374 7521, grid.4777.3, Queens University Belfast, , Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK (Aff2) [...], Adults with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) are at high risk of developing comorbid depressive symptoms and in the general population self-focused attention has been associated with depression. Here, we aimed to examine the relationships between aspects of self-focused attention and symptoms of depression in individuals with a diagnosis of ASD. 113 adults with a diagnosis of ASD completed self-report questionnaires. Results found that higher levels of brooding, and to a lesser degree, reflection predicted increased depressive symptoms. However, higher levels of private self-consciousness actually predicted decreased depressive symptoms. Differential relationships were observed for males and females. The current study highlights the importance of using a multidimensional approach to examining self-focused attention in ASD, and its important relationship with depression.

Author(s): G. N. Soke [sup.1] [sup.2] , M. J. Maenner [sup.2] , D. Christensen [sup.2] , M. Kurzius-Spencer [sup.3] , L. A. Schieve [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (Aff1) 0000 0001 2163 [...], We compared the prevalence of various medical and behavioral co-occurring conditions/symptoms between 4- and 8-year-olds with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from five sites in the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network during the 2010 survey year, accounting for sociodemographic differences. Over 95% of children had at least one co-occurring condition/symptom. Overall, the prevalence was higher in 8- than 4-year-olds for 67% of co-occurring conditions/symptoms examined. Further, our data suggested that co-occurring conditions/symptoms increased or decreased the age at which children were first evaluated for ASD. Similarly, among the 8-year-olds, the prevalence of most co-occurring conditions/symptoms was higher in children with a previous ASD diagnosis documented in their records. These findings are informative for understanding and screening co-occurring conditions/symptoms in ASD.

Plasma cell granuloma (PCG) is a pseudotumor-like condition characterized by polyclonal proliferation of plasma cells. Historically, PCGs are considered within the spectrum of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) and, therefore, we [...], * Plasma cell granuloma (PCG) is characterized by proliferation of polyclonal plasma cells with associated fibrosis and is often considered part of the heterogeneous group of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs). The thyroid is rarely affected by PCG. A patient having PCG associated with Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) prompted our literature search that revealed 18 cases of PCG, 55% (n = 10) of which occurred together with HT. The etiopathogenesis of PCG is unknown and there is no specific treatment except surgical excision for compressive symptoms. This entity has an excellent prognosis with no evidence of recurrence or metastasis. Lesions of the thyroid with infiltrating plasma cells include HT, fibrous variant of HT, plasmacytoma, plasma cell myeloma, Riedel thyroiditis, IgG4 (immunoglobulin G4)-related disease, IMT, and PCG. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor has ALK gene rearrangements and is considered a neoplasm as opposed to PCG, which is a reactive polyclonal plasma cell proliferation. We believe IMT and PCG are distinct entities and consensus definitions are required for avoiding confusion in the literature. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2017-0068-RS

1 | INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of mortality among persons with HIV/AIDS worldwide, causing nearly a third of HIV-associated deaths [1]. Early diagnosis and treatment of active [...], Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of HIV-associated mortality in Africa. As HIV testing, linkage to care and antiretroviral treatment initiation intensify to meet UNAIDS targets, it is not known what effect these efforts will have on TB detection and prevention. We aimed to characterize the TB care cascade of screening, diagnostic testing, treatment and provision of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) in a study of community-based HIV screening and linkage to care and determine whether symptom screening results affected progress along the cascade. Methods: Between June 2013 and March 2015, HIV-infected adults enrolled in the Linkages study, a multi-site, community-based, randomized HIV screening and linkage-to-care study in South Africa and Uganda. All participants were screened for TB symptoms at entry after testing positive for HIV and referred to local clinics for care. During the 9 month follow-up, participants were periodically surveyed about clinic linkage and initiation of HIV care as well as subsequent TB testing, treatment, or IPT. We compared outcomes between persons with and without a positive symptom screen at baseline using descriptive statistics and Poisson regression to calculate relative risks of outcomes along the care cascade. Results and discussion: Of the 1,325 HIV-infected adults enrolled, 26% reported at least one TB symptom at the time of HIV diagnosis. Loss of appetite and fever were the most commonly reported symptoms on a TB symptom screen. Despite 92% HIV linkage success, corresponding TB linkage was incomplete. Baseline TB symptoms were associated with an increased risk of a TB diagnosis (relative risk 3.23, 95% CI 1.51 to 6.91), but only 34% of symptomatic persons had sputum TB testing. Fifty-five percent of participants diagnosed with TB started TB treatment. In South Africa, only 18% of asymptomatic participants initiated IPT after linkage to HIV care, and presence of symptoms was not associated with IPT initiation (relative risk 0.86 95% CI 0.6 to 1.23). Conclusions: HIV linkage to care interventions provide an opportunity to improve completion of the TB care cascade, but will require additional support to realize full benefits. Keywords: tuberculosis; HIV; linkage; isoniazid preventive therapy

Author(s): Rachel M. Fenning [sup.1] , Jason K. Baker [sup.1] , Brian R. Baucom [sup.2] , Stephen A. Erath [sup.3] , Mariann A. Howland [sup.1] , Jacquelyn Moffitt [sup.1] Author [...], Associations between variability in sympathetic nervous system arousal and individual differences in symptom severity were examined for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Thirty-four families participated in a laboratory visit that included continuous measurement of electrodermal activity (EDA) during a battery of naturalistic and structured parent-child, child alone, and direct testing tasks. Multiple indices of EDA were considered. Greater variability in EDA was associated with higher levels of ASD symptoms, with findings generally consistent across tasks. Intellectual functioning did not moderate the relation between EDA and ASD symptoms. Sympathetic arousal tendencies may represent an important individual difference factor for this population. Future directions and conceptualizations of EDA are discussed.

In April 2016, a 28-year-old man (S.V.) in Ribeirao Preto, southeastern Brazil, with a history of Gilbert syndrome sought care for a sudden high fever, severe 1-sided headache, vomiting, intense [...]

Seizure Disorders (Epilepsy) History * Periodic disturbance of the electrical activity of the brain * Results in temporary neurological dysfunction * Prodrome prior to the seizure * Attributed to previous [...]