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Endoscopic transsphenoidal resection of craniopharyngioma is a commonly used technique. Cerebral vasospasm may occur in nearly 10% of cases leading to adverse neurological outcomes. Cardiopulmonary dysfunction may be seen in patients with severe vasospasm. The literature describing the occurrence of neurogenic stunned myocardium following craniopharyngioma resection in pediatric patients is very sparse. Here, we describe such a case managed with a combination of milrinone (to relieve vasospasm and improve cardiac pump function), noradrenaline (to obtain target blood pressure), and vasopressin (to control urine output). This case report proposes the treatment plan of neurogenic stunned myocardium following vasospasm in pediatric patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: Renu. Suthar, Shivan. Kesavan, Indar. Sharawat, Manisha. Malviya, Titiksha. Sirari, Bhupendra. Sihag, Arushi. Saini, Vishalavath. Jyothi, Naveen. Sankhyan Background: X-linked dystrophinopathies have a wide spectrum of manifestation. The most [...]

Summary: Background: Point‐of‐care echocardiography (POC‐Echo) is an essential intensive care hemodynamic monitoring tool. Aims: To assess POC‐Echo parameters [i.e., cardiac index (CI), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) and cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM) markers] and serum biomarkers in predicting circulatory failure (need for vasopressors) and mortality in patients with acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) having sepsis‐induced hypotension. Methods: We performed serial POC‐Echo within 6 hours (h) of presentation and subsequently at 24, 48 and 72 h in patients with ACLF and sepsis‐induced hypotension admitted to our liver intensive care unit. Clinical data, POC‐Echo data and serum biomarkers were collected prospectively. Results: We enrolled 120 patients [59% men, aged 49 ± 12 years, 56% alcohol‐related disease and median MELDNa of 30 (27–32)], of whom 68 (56.6%) had circulatory failure, with overall mortality of 60%. CCM was present in 52.5%. The predictors of circulatory failure were CI (aHR −1.5; p = 0.021), N‐terminal brain natriuretic peptide (aHR −1.1; p = 0.007) and CCM markers; e′ septal mitral velocity (aHR −0.5; p = 0.039) and E/e′ ratio (aHR −1.2; p = 0.045). Reduction in CI by 20% and SVRI by 15% at 72 h predicted mortality with a sensitivity of 84% and 72%, and specificity 76% and 65%, respectively (p < 0.001). The MELD‐CCM model and CLIF‐CCM model were computed as MELDNa + 1.815 × E/e′ (septal) + 0.402 × e′ (septal) and CLIF‐C ACLF + 1.815 × E/e′ (septal) + 0.402 × e′ (septal), respectively, based on multivariable logistic regression. Both scores outperformed MELDNa (z‐score = −2.073, p = 0.038) and CLIF‐C ACLF score (z score = −2.683, p‐value = 0.007), respectively, in predicting 90‐day mortality. Conclusion: POC‐Echo measurements such as CCM markers (E/e' and e' velocity) and change in CI reliably predict circulatory failure and mortality in ACLF with severe sepsis. CCM markers significantly enhanced the CLIF‐C ACLF and MELDNa predictive performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Despite cardiovascular diseases having grown to epidemic proportions, there are few studies from India pertaining to Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), more so from the region of Purvanchal which is less developed with more poverty. Our study is first of its kind in this region of patients presenting for the first time with ACS. Aim: The present study was undertaken to study the clinical and angiographic characteristics of ACS patients of Purvanchal. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of 100 patients admitted with ACS. Patients were excluded if they had prior cardiac pathology like valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathy, pericardial disease, cor pulmonale, ischaemic heart disease or cardiac revascularisation. Patients who did not undergo angiography were excluded. Patients were divided into ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) and non STEMI (NSTEMI). Presentation delays as well as clinical characteristics analysed in each group were age, gender, presence or absence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, smoking, Body Mass Index (BMI), family history, duration of chest pain, and treatment received. Results: Mean age of patients was 58.9 years with 27% below 50 years. Of the total 75% were males. Patients with STEMI were 65%. Median time to reach hospital was 24 hours with only 27% patients reaching hospital within 6 hours. Among patients with STEMI only 43% received fibrinolytic therapy. 23% patients had diabetes, 21% were hypertensive, 16% were smokers, family history of cardiovascular disease present in 11% and 21% had body mass index more than 30. Mean LDL was 115mg/dl and HDL 39mg/dl with 54% of patients having at least one risk factor. Factors favouring triple vessel involvement were female sex, higher age, smoking, presence of diabetes and NSTEMI. Conclusion: Indians develop ACS at earlier age. Precious time is lost before seeking treatment. There is a need for aggressive risk factor modification which along with health awareness will be the key to prevent premature cases of ACS and limit morbidity and mortality due to delayed treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary cardiac tumors are relatively rare, and myxoma, the most common variety, is found predominantly in the left atrium. Clinical presentation varies from asymptomatic incidental masses to serious life-threatening cardiovascular complications. Some cases are difficult to diagnose, as symptoms can be nonspecific. We present a case of a young female with 4 months of history of dyspnea, weight loss, and night sweats, eventually diagnosed as a case of large left atrial myxoma arising from the anterior mitral valve through transthoracic echocardiography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]