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In this study we explored the influence on employees of interpersonal relative leader–member exchange and intergroup relative leader–member exchange in regard to work behaviors with different levels of risk and uncertainty (i.e., task performance vs. innovative behavior), depending on subgroup uncertainty. We examined our theoretical model by surveying 309 employees in 58 member subgroups. Results showed that both interpersonal and intergroup relative leader–member exchange were positively associated with internal and temporary workers' task performance, interpersonal relative leader–member exchange was positively associated with the innovative behavior of internal workers but not temporary workers, and intergroup relative leader–member exchange was positively related to temporary workers' innovative behavior but negatively linked to internal workers' innovative behavior. Our findings suggest that the effects of interpersonal and intergroup relative leader–member exchange on members' behaviors may vary with the subgroup identities.

In Cognitive Linguistics, the noun-participle compound is a grammatical category with instances of different degrees of membership. The purpose of this study is to explore the categorization processes and schematic networks in noun-participle compounding. Working with the data of noun-participle compounds from COHA, we identified three types of participles: deverbal, denominal and ambicategorical. Two schemas [Nj-Vk-ed]A and [Nj-Nk-ed]A are established as generalizations of compounds of deverbal (e.g. man-made) and denominal participles (e.g. life-sized). Compounds of ambicategorical participles (e.g. snow-covered), are sanctioned by two schemas simultaneously, which give rise to ambiguous morphological readings. This study confirms the labor division between mother-daughter links and sister links in a schema network. The higher-level generalization is encoded by paradigmatically-related sister schemas, with the sister relations built on the shared structure links and a bi-directional conversion of the stem of ppl (i.e., noun-to-verb or verb-to-noun). The sister schemas as a paradigm is a more parsimonious generalization of the compounds, than the posited mother schema.

The present study compares the discourse markers (DMs) of “saying” in Mandarin Chinese ke yi shuo (lit. “can say”) and ying gai shuo (lit. “should say”) with their equivalents in English, by drawing the parallel corpora from The Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping (Volume III) (henceforth The Works), so as to uncover the pragmatic motivation for the variation in translating the DMs of “saying.” The analysis is conducted within a theoretical framework of speech act theory, by grouping the DMs according to their personal pronouns. Moreover, by comparing the uses of personal pronouns in English and Chinese, the current study confirms that The Works keeps the consistency between the two languages as well as with the characteristics and styles of Deng Xiaoping’s locution. It also finds that modalized DMs of “saying” (e. g., “I should say”), as a parenthesis, lose their status as matrix clauses and help reduce the tone of affirmation.

There is growing evidence that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 can affect the CNS. However, data on white matter and cognitive sequelae at the one-year follow-up are lacking. Therefore, we explored these characteristics in this study. We investigated 22 recovered coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and 21 matched healthy controls. Diffusion tensor imaging, diffusion kurtosis imaging and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging were performed to identify white matter changes, and the subscales of the Wechsler Intelligence scale were used to assess cognitive function. Correlations between diffusion metrics, cognitive function, and other clinical characteristics were then examined. We also conducted subgroup analysis based on patient admission to the intensive care unit. The corona radiata, corpus callosum and superior longitudinal fasciculus had lower volume fraction of intracellular water in the recovered COVID-19 group than in the healthy control group. Patients who had been admitted to the intensive care unit had lower fractional anisotropy in the body of the corpus callosum than those who had not. Compared with the healthy controls, the recovered COVID-19 patients demonstrated no significant decline in cognitive function. White matter tended to present with fewer abnormalities for shorter hospital stays and longer follow-up times. Lower axonal density was detected in clinically recovered COVID-19 patients after one year. Patients who had been admitted to the intensive care unit had slightly more white matter abnormalities. No significant decline in cognitive function was found in recovered COVID-19 patients. The duration of hospital stay may be a predictor for white matter changes at the one-year follow-up., Huang et al. reveal persistent white matter microstructural changes in recovered COVID-19 patients at one-year follow-up, with slightly more abnormalities seen in patients who were admitted to the ICU. Severity of illness in the acute stage may predict white matter integrity one year after recovery.

The tea culture now plays a prominent role in the traditional Chinese culture. Tea ware, the ‘carrier’ of tea culture, is crucial to the global spread of the Chinese tea culture if properly translated. The Eco-Translatology provides translators with a fresh perspective when translating tea wares, allowing them to create a more desirable translation when doing adaptive selection and transformation in terms of tea sets concerning the linguistic, cultural, and communicative dimensions. The paper studies the English translation of tea wares at the China National Tea Museum from the perspective of Eco-Translatology, with the objective of providing several insights into the English translation of tea wares so as to facilitate the international dissemination of the Chinese tea culture.

Sentiment analysis of short texts is difficult for their simplicity and compactness. This goes a step further when it comes to the Chinese texts. Although deep learning achieved better accuracy in sentiment analysis, there is a lack of explain-ability. Thus, this paper evaluates the effectiveness of techniques for sentiment analysis of Chinese short financial texts with deep learning. For this, we built a Chinese short financial texts corpus (CSFC) and designed an ablation experiment. Beside the CFSC, we used a Chinese review collection and an English short-text repository in the experiment for comparison. There are five techniques involved. They are the Pinyin, the segmentation, the lexical analysis, the phrase structure and the attention mechanism. As results, we found that the phrase structure and the attention mechanism are two of the best. Therefore, the best model in the experiment is called a Phrase Structure and Attention-based Deep network model (PhraSAD). Moreover, to improve the classification accuracy on neutral data, we use a dual classifier strategy for 3-class problems. Experimental results showed that PhraSAD outperformed all other compared models on all experimental datasets.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), the most common single-gene cardiovascular disease, is associated with increased risk for arrhythmias, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. The hemodynamic changes known to occur during pregnancy can exacerbate heart failure and arrhythmias in women with HCM. We present a 30-year-old woman with HCM to illustrate the benefits of multidisciplinary team management of severe left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (peak gradient >100 mmHg) for optimal maternal and fetal outcomes.

The long-term effects of COVID-19 on brain structure remain unclear. A prospective study was conducted to explore the changes in brain structure in COVID-19 survivors at one and two years after discharge (COVID-19

OBJECTIVES In this study, we aimed to characterize the clinical presentation, short-term prognosis, and myocardial tissue changes as noted on cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) or cardiac MRI in pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination-associated myocarditis (C-VAM). METHODS In this retrospective multicenter study across 16 US hospitals, patients RESULTS Sixty-three patients with a mean age of 15.6 years were included; 92% were male. All had received a messenger RNA vaccine and, except for one, presented after the second dose. Four patients had significant dysrhythmia; 14% had mild left ventricular dysfunction on echocardiography, which resolved on discharge; 88% met the diagnostic CMR Lake Louise criteria for myocarditis. Myocardial injury as evidenced by late gadolinium enhancement on CMR was more prevalent in comparison with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. None of the patients required inotropic, mechanical, or circulatory support. There were no deaths. Follow-up data obtained in 86% of patients at a mean of 35 days revealed resolution of symptoms, arrhythmias, and ventricular dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Clinical characteristics and early outcomes are similar between the different pediatric age groups in C-VAM. The hospital course is mild, with quick clinical recovery and excellent short-term outcomes. Myocardial injury and edema are noted on CMR. Close follow-up and further studies are needed to understand the long-term implications and mechanism of these myocardial tissue changes.

Sinus venosus atrial septal defect (SVASD) accounts for 5–10% of all ASDs. Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) and pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients with SVASD increases the risk for surgical or transcatheter intervention. Closure is preferred over medical therapy. Transcatheter closure is challenging due to complex anatomy, difficulty in evaluating suitability for intervention, and lack of dedicated devices. We present a systematic approach using multimodality imaging and 3D printing for transcatheter closure of superior SVASD with PAPVC using a custom-made CP Stent®. A 53-year-old with history of drug abuse presented with NYHA Class III symptoms, hypoxemia, atrial flutter, and PH (MPAP of 30 mmHg) requiring multidrug therapy. Echocardiogram raised suspicion of superior SVASD, confirmed by cardiac CT and CMR. Multidisciplinary team ruled out surgery due to high risk and recommended transcatheter closure, if feasible. CT and CMR demonstrated a 20 × 18 mm superior SVASD with PAPVC: right upper (RUPV) and middle pulmonary veins draining into the superior vena cava (SVC). To understand spatial relationships, a 3D model was printed with 1.5-mm transparent and flexible walls to deploy a non-sterile prototype of the stent in the SVC. Rotational angiogram was performed to test feasibility of in-vivo deployment in view of stent foreshortening (from 110 to 70 mm) and differential widening of the SVC: 23 mm at the junction of the innominate vein; 35 mm at the atrial end. Transcatheter closure of superior SVASD with PAPVC in patients with PH is feasible in suitable cases using a systematic approach with multi-modality imaging and 3D printing.

Background:The abuse of methamphetamine (MA) worldwide has gained international attention as the most rapidly growing illicit drug problem. The classification and treatment response prediction of MA addicts are thereby paramount, in order for effective treatments to be more targeted to individuals. However, there has been limited progress.Methods:In the present study, 43 MA-dependent participants and 38 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were enrolled, and their resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected. MA-dependent participants who showed 50% reduction in craving were defined as responders to treatment. The present study used the machine learning method, which is a support vector machine (SVM), to detect the most relevant features for discriminating and predicting the treatment response for MA-dependent participants based on the features extracted from the functional graph metrics.Results:A classifier was able to differentiate MA-dependent subjects from normal controls, with a cross-validated prediction accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 73.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 71.23–74.17%), 66.05% (95% CI = 63.06–69.04%), and 80.35% (95% CI = 77.77–82.93%), respectively, at the individual level. The most accurate combination of classifier features included the nodal efficiency in the right middle temporal gyrus and the community index in the left precentral gyrus and cuneus. Between these two, the community index in the left precentral gyrus had the highest importance. In addition, the classification performance of the other classifier used to predict the treatment response of MA-dependent subjects had an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 71.2% (95% CI = 69.28–73.12%), 86.75% (95% CI = 84.48–88.92%), and 55.65% (95% CI = 52.61–58.79%), respectively, at the individual level. Furthermore, the most accurate combination of classifier features included the nodal clustering coefficient in the right orbital part of the superior frontal gyrus, the nodal local efficiency in the right orbital part of the superior frontal gyrus, and the right triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus and right temporal pole of middle temporal gyrus. Among these, the nodal local efficiency in the right temporal pole of the middle temporal gyrus had the highest feature importance.Conclusion:The present study identified the most relevant features of MA addiction and treatment based on SVMs and the features extracted from the graph metrics and provided possible biomarkers to differentiate and predict the treatment response for MA-dependent patients. The brain regions involved in the best combinations should be given close attention during the treatment of MA.

Background Methamphetamine (MA) abuse is one of the most rapidly growing illicit drug problems worldwide. Impulsivity has been considered as a core impairment underpinning addictive behavior. Studies have demonstrated that MA addicts have white matter abnormalities based on ROIs. There are few studies on whole brain, and the association between whole brain tracts and impulsivity in MA dependence remain unclear. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) was used to detect four DTI measures, and these were correlated with the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS) to verify and expand the previous results. Methods A total of 28 MA addicts and 22 healthy controls were recruited. MRI was performed to evaluate the brain structural changes, the BIS was used to evaluate impulsivity behavior, white matter differences were compared between MA addicts and healthy controls, and then determine correlation between diffusion parameters and BIS scores. Results MA addicts had significantly lower FA, and higher AD, RD, and MD in a wide range of white matter, which mainly included: corona radiata, internal capsule, superior longitudinal fasciculus, external capsule, inferior fronto-occipital fascicules, posterior thalamic radiation, sagittal stratum, fornix and stria terminalis, cerebral peduncle, superior cerebellar peduncle, corpus callosum, and corticolspinal tract compared with controls. The MA group had significantly higher total score, attention and motor scores compared to healthy controls. Higher MD in the right corticospinal tract was significantly associated with higher total scores. Conclusion MA addicts exhibit a globally diminished white matter integrity. furthermore, they present with high levels of impulsivity, and this dysfunction is associated with MD in corticospinal tracts. Future studies on larger sample sizes, gender effects and longitudinal studies are needed.

Drawing on the practical perspective of empowerment, we investigated how empowering leader behavior influences employee voice via in-role (i.e., task performance) and extrarole (i.e., organizational citizenship behaviors toward individuals) performances, and examined the moderating effect of work stress on the empowering leader behavior–employee voice process. Using multiwave data from 996 supervisor–subordinate dyads, we found that empowering leader behavior promoted employee prosocial voice via organizational citizenship behaviors toward individuals, whereas it prohibited employee acquiescent voice and defensive voice via task performance. Further, work stress attenuated empowering leader behavior's indirect effect on prosocial voice via organizational citizenship behaviors toward individuals, whereas it augmented empowering leader behavior's indirect effects on employee acquiescent voice and defensive voice via task performance, respectively.

Language use is the interaction between text and context, and discourse analysis is the undertaking of grounding the textual patterns within the context. Various approaches of discourse analysis di...

Despite advances in surgical technique and postoperative care, long-term survival of children born with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) remains limited, with cardiac transplantation as the only alternative for patients with failing single ventricle circulations. Maintenance of systemic right ventricular function is crucial for long-term survival, and interventions that improve ventricular function and avoid or defer transplantation in patients with HLHS are urgently needed. We hypothesize that the young myocardium of the HLHS patient is responsive to the biological cues delivered by bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to improve and preserve right ventricle function. The ELPIS trial (Allogeneic Human MEsenchymal Stem Cell Injection in Patients with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: An Open Label Pilot Study) is a phase I/IIb trial designed to test whether MSC injection will be both safe and feasible by monitoring the first 10 HLHS patients for new major adverse cardiac events. If our toxicity stopping rule is not activated, we will proceed to the phase IIb component of our study where we will test our efficacy hypothesis that MSC injection improves cardiac function compared with surgery alone. Twenty patients will be enrolled in a randomized phase II trial with a uniform allocation to MSC injection versus standard surgical care (no injection). The 2 trial arms will be compared with respect to improvement of right ventricular function, tricuspid valve annulus size, and regurgitation determined by cardiac magnetic resonance and reduced mortality, morbidity, and need for transplantation. This study will establish the safety and feasibility of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell injection in HLHS patients and provide important insights in the emerging field of stem cell-based therapy for congenital heart disease patients.

There is a dearth of evidence-based tools to design the safest Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE) system possible. An evidence-based list of usability principles for the design of the CPOE interface was developed following a literature review, and validated with the Chief Medical Information Officer and CPOE team at Island Health. The list includes 11 usability principles that can be used to inform ongoing CPOE interface design and evaluation efforts to improve patient safety.

In this paper, a text-based characterization combined with numerical features for Social Media Headline Prediction (SMHP) is proposed. Description of images, users' emotions and opinions are all described in text, our text-based characterization learns these important features by training a Doc2vec model. Numerical features of social cues contain general characteristics of social media headline, we build an effective method to extract numerical features. Experiments conducted on real-world SMHP dataset manifest the effectiveness of the proposed approach, which achieves the following performance: Spearmanr's Rho: 0.4559, MAE:1.9797.

Coronary artery disease after bone marrow transplantation is rare in children and young adults. We report the case of a 21-year-old who developed coronary artery disease and acute myocardial infarction secondary to graft versus host disease following bone marrow transplantation. Physicians caring for young patients after bone marrow transplantation should be aware of the potential for coronary artery disease and evaluate appropriately.

To review the current state of literature on sexual dysfunction in adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD). The prevalence of sexual dysfunction in ACHD is approximately 28%. Compared to age-matched cohorts, the prevalence of sexual dysfunction among ACHD cohorts demonstrates significant variability. ACHD have a lower rate of ever having sexual intercourse and often at a later age. Regardless of complexity, ACHD with sexual dysfunction have higher level of distress, decreased quality of life, and worse New York Heart Association classification. Patients, including heart failure and ACHD, treated with dual angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor have reported improved sexual relationships. The prevalence of sexual dysfunction in ACHD patients is high and sexual dysfunction research in ACHD remains limited. Therefore, the relationship between sexual dysfunction and ACHD remains ill-defined. Cardiologists that participate in the care of these patients should proactively discuss sexual health and provide counseling and therapies to provide high-quality healthcare for ACHD.

Background Displacement of ECG leads can result in unwarranted findings. We assessed the frequency of Brugada-type patterns in athletes when precordial leads were purposely placed upward. Methods Four hundred ninety-one collegiate athletes underwent two ECGs: one with standard leads, one with V1 and V2 along the 2nd intercostal space. A positive Brugada-type pattern was defined as ST elevation in V1 or V2 consistent with a Type 1, 2, or 3 pattern in the high-lead ECG. A control group was comprised of 181 outpatients. Results No Type 1 patterns were seen. In 58 athletes (11.8%), a Brugada-type 2 or 3 pattern was observed. Those with Brugada-type 2 or 3 patterns were more likely male, taller, and heavier. In the control group, 18 (9.9%) had Brugada-type 2 or 3 patterns and were more likely male. Conclusions Proper lead positioning is essential to avoid unwarranted diagnosis of a Brugada-type ECG, especially in taller, heavier male athletes.

Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA) is a rare defect associated with anatomic, hemodynamic and electrophysiological challenges. We report a case of a patient who presented with sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) refractory to medical therapy. A 36 year old male

Objective: We sought to identify immunologic and virologic correlates of spontaneous viral control among long-term survivors of perinatal HIV infection expressing the protective human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B57 allele. Design: The frequency, epitope specificity, and functional attributes of HIV-specific T cells and sequence variation within B57-restricted epitopes were compared between ‘spontaneous controllers’ who maintained normal CD4 percentages and viral loads less than 3000copies/ml without antiretroviral therapy, and ‘treated progressors’ who had initiated HAART. Methods: Recognition of HIV optimal epitopes was assessed by interferon g (IFNg) enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot. Functional characterization of CD8 cells targeting B57 epitopes was performed by staining for cytokine production (intracellular IFNg, interleukin-2, tumor necrosis factor a) and degranulation. Sequencing of autologous RNA was performed to determine the prevalence of viral escape mutations within B57restricted epitopes and associated compensatory mutations. Results: HLA-B57 remained immunodominant during chronic infection in both controllers and progressors, but controllers recognized fewer epitopes and targeted epitopes within Gag and reverse transcriptase only, whereas progressors demonstrated a broader response targeting additional proteins. No individual epitope was targeted more frequently by spontaneous controllers. CD8 cytokine production patterns were heterogeneous among individuals and even among different epitopes in the same individual and did not correlate with spontaneous viral control. Extensive sequence variation within B57 epitopes was observed in both groups, but only progressors displayed additional capsid mutations that are known to offset the viral fitness cost of B57-driven immune escape. Conclusion: Among HLA-B57-positive long-term survivors, spontaneous control of viremia is not associated with a qualitatively or quantitatively superior T-cell response, but with uncompensated fitness-attenuating mutations in the viral capsid. 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins AIDS 2010, 24:1425‐1435

Perinatal HIV infection is characterized by a sustained high-level viremia and a high risk of rapid progression to AIDS, indicating a failure of immunologic containment of the virus. We hypothesized that age-related differences in the specificity or function of HIV-specific T cells may influence HIV RNA levels and clinical outcome following perinatal infection. In this study, we defined the HIV epitopes targeted by 76 pediatric subjects (47 HIV infected and 29 HIV exposed, but uninfected), and assessed the ability of HIV-specific CD8 and CD4 T cells to degranulate and produce IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2. No responses were detected among HIV-uninfected infants, whereas responses among infected subjects increased in magnitude and breadth with age. Gag-specific responses were uncommon during early infancy, and their frequency was significantly lower among children younger than 24 mo old (p = 0.014). Importantly, Gag responders exhibited significantly lower HIV RNA levels than nonresponders (log viral load 5.8 vs 5.0; p = 0.005). Both the total and Gag-specific T cell frequency correlated inversely with viral load after correction for age, whereas no relationship with targeting of other viral proteins was observed. Functional assessment of HIV-specific T cells by multiparameter flow cytometry revealed that polyfunctional CD8 cells were less prevalent in children before 24 mo of age, and that HIV-specific CD4 cell responses were of universally low frequency among antiretroviral-naive children and absent in young infants. These cross-sectional data suggest that qualitative differences in the CD8 response, combined with a deficiency of HIV-specific CD4 cells, may contribute to the inability of young infants to limit replication of HIV.