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1. Science Forum: Consensus-based guidance for conducting and reporting multi-analyst studies

Author

Aczel, B., Szaszi, B., Nilsonne, G., van den Akker, O.R., Albers, C.J., van Assen, M.A., Bastiaansen, J.A., Benjamin, D., Boehm, U., Botvinik-Nezer, R., Bringmann, L.F., Busch, N.A., Caruyer, E., Cataldo, A.M., Cowan, N., Delios, A., van Dongen, N.N.N., Donkin, C., van Doorn, J.B., Dreber, A., Dutilh, G., Egan, G.F., Gernsbacher, M.A., Hoekstra, R., Hoffmann, S., Holzmeister, F., Huber, J., Johannesson, M., Jonas, K.J., Kindel, A.T., Kirchler, M., Kunkels, Y.K., Lindsay, D.S., Mangin, J.F., Matzke, D., Munafo, M.R., Newell, B.R., Nosek, B.A., Poldrack, R.A., van Ravenzwaaij, D., Rieskamp, J., Salganik, M.J., Sarafoglou, A., Schonberg, T., Schweinsberg, M., Shanks, D., Silberzahn, R., Simons, D.J., Spellman, B.A., St-Jean, S., RS: FPN WSP II, and Section Applied Social Psychology

Subjects
metascience, expert consensus, REPRODUCIBILITY, None, multi-analyst, statistical practice, analytical variability, science forum, DELPHI
Abstract

Any large dataset can be analyzed in a number of ways, and it is possible that the use of different analysis strategies will lead to different results and conclusions. One way to assess whether the results obtained depend on the analysis strategy chosen is to employ multiple analysts and leave each of them free to follow their own approach. Here, we present consensus-based guidance for conducting and reporting such multi-analyst studies, and we discuss how broader adoption of the multi-analyst approach has the potential to strengthen the robustness of results and conclusions obtained from analyses of datasets in basic and applied research.

Published
2021

2. Same data, different conclusions: Radical dispersion in empirical results when independent analysts operationalize and test the same hypothesis

Author

Schweinsberg, M., Feldman, M., Staub, N., van den Akker, O.R., van Aert, R.C.M., van Assen, M.A.L.M., Liu, Y., Althoff, T., Heer, J., Kale, A., Mohamed, Z., Amireh, H., Venkatesh Prasad, V., Bernstein, A., Robinson, E., Snellman, K., Sommer, S.A., Otner, S.M.G., Robinson, D.A., Madan, N., Silberzahn, R., Goldstein, P., Tierney, W., Murase, T., Mandl, B., Viganola, D., Strobl, C., Schaumans, C.B.C., Kelchtermans, S., Naseeb, C., Mason Garrison, S., Yarkoni, T., Richard Chan, C. S., Adie, P., Alaburda, P., Albers, C., Alspaugh, S., Alstott, J., Nelson, A.A., Ariño de la Rubia, E., Arzi, A., Bahník, Š., Baik, J., Winther Balling, L., Banker, S., Baranger, D.A.A., Barr, D.J., Barros-Rivera, B., Bauer, M., Blaise, E., Boelen, L., Bohle Carbonell, K., Briers, R.A., Burkhard, O., Canela, M.A., Castrillo, L., Catlett, T., Chen, O., Clark, M., Cohn, B., Coppock, A., Cugueró-Escofet, N., Curran, P.G., Cyrus-Lai, W., Dai, D., Valentino Dalla Riva, G., Danielsson, H., Russo, R.d.F.S.M., de Silva, N., Derungs, C., Dondelinger, F., Duarte de Souza, C., Tyson Dube, B., Dubova, M., Dunn, B.M., Edelsbrunner, P.A., Finley, S., Fox, N., Gnambs, T., Gong, Y., Grand, E., Greenawalt, B., Han, D., Hanel, P.H.P., Hong, A.B., Hood, D., Hsueh, J., Huang, L., Hui, K.N., Hultman, K.A., Javaid, A., Ji Jiang, L., Jong, J., Kamdar, J., Kane, D., Kappler, G., Kaszubowski, E., Kavanagh, C.M., Khabsa, M., Kleinberg, B., Kouros, J., Krause, H., Krypotos, A.M., Lavbič, D., Ling Lee, R., Leffel, T., Yang Lim, W., Liverani, S., Loh, B., Lønsmann, D., Wei Low, J., Lu, A., MacDonald, K., Madan, C.R., Hjorth Madsen, L., Maimone, C., Mangold, A., Marshall, A., Matskewich, H.E., Mavon, K., McLain, K.L., McNamara, A.A., McNeill, M., Mertens, U., Miller, D., Moore, B., Moore, A., Nantz, E., Nasrullah, Z., Nejkovic, V., Nell, C.S., Nilsonne, G., Nolan, R., O'Brien, C.E., O'Neill, P., O'Shea, K., Olita, T., Otterbacher, J., Palsetia, D., Pereira, B., Pozdniakov, I., Protzko, J., Reyt, J.N., Riddle, T., (Akmal) Ridhwan Omar Ali, A., Ropovik, I., Rosenberg, J.M., Rothen, S., Schulte-Mecklenbeck, M., Sharma, N., Shotwell, G., Skarzynski, M., Stedden, W., Stodden, V., Stoffel, M.A., Stoltzman, S., Subbaiah, S., Tatman, R., Thibodeau, P.H., Tomkins, S., Valdivia, A., Druijff-van de Woestijne, G.B., Viana, L., Villesèche, F., Wadsworth, W.D., Wanders, F., Watts, K., Wells, J.D., Whelpley, C.E., Won, A., Wu, L., Yip, A., Youngflesh, C., Yu, J.C., Zandian, A., Zhang, L., Zibman, C., Uhlmann, E.L., Social Networks, Solidarity and Inequality, Leerstoel Buskens, Structural geology and EM, Experimental psychopathology, Leerstoel Engelhard, Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg Experience Sampling Center (TESC), University of Zurich, Schweinsberg, Martin, Psychometrics and Statistics, Social Networks, Solidarity and Inequality, Leerstoel Buskens, Structural geology and EM, Experimental psychopathology, and Leerstoel Engelhard

Subjects
Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, TRANSPARENCY, 10009 Department of Informatics, Sample (statistics), 000 Computer science, knowledge & systems, 1407 Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, Scientific robustness, 3202 Applied Psychology, Scientific transparency, REPRODUCIBILITY, 650 Management & public relations, medicine, Econometrics, MANAGEMENT, QUALITY, business, Robustness (economics), Research question, Verbosity, CRISIS, Applied Psychology, Analysis-contingent results, Operationalization, Psykologi (exklusive tillämpad psykologi), 11476 Digital Society Initiative, AVAILABILITY, Researcher degrees of freedom, SCIENCE, cs_r, SOCIAL-PSYCHOLOGY, Crowdsourcing data analysis, Research reliability, Psychology (excluding Applied Psychology), Open data, Ranking, Transparency (graphic), REPLICABILITY, REPLICATION, medicine.symptom, Psychology
Abstract

The project was funded by a research grant from INSEAD and was also supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation under grant number 143411., In this crowdsourced initiative, independent analysts used the same dataset to test two hypotheses regarding the effects of scientists’ gender and professional status on verbosity during group meetings. Not only the analytic approach but also the operationalizations of key variables were left unconstrained and up to individual analysts. For instance, analysts could choose to operationalize status as job title, institutional ranking, citation counts, or some combination. To maximize transparency regarding the process by which analytic choices are made, the analysts used a platform we developed called DataExplained to justify both preferred and rejected analytic paths in real time. Analyses lacking sufficient detail, reproducible code, or with statistical errors were excluded, resulting in 29 analyses in the final sample. Researchers reported radically different analyses and dispersed empirical outcomes, in a number of cases obtaining significant effects in opposite directions for the same research question. A Boba multiverse analysis demonstrates that decisions about how to operationalize variables explain variability in outcomes above and beyond statistical choices (e.g., covariates). Subjective researcher decisions play a critical role in driving the reported empirical results, underscoring the need for open data, systematic robustness checks, and transparency regarding both analytic paths taken and not taken. Implications for organizations and leaders, whose decision making relies in part on scientific findings, consulting reports, and internal analyses by data scientists, are discussed., INSEAD, Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) European Commission 143411

Published
2021
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3. Same data, different conclusions: Radical dispersion in empirical results when independent analysts operationalize and test the same hypothesis

Author

Social Networks, Solidarity and Inequality, Leerstoel Buskens, Structural geology and EM, Experimental psychopathology, Leerstoel Engelhard, Schweinsberg, M., Feldman, M., Staub, N., van den Akker, O.R., van Aert, R.C.M., van Assen, M.A.L.M., Liu, Y., Althoff, T., Heer, J., Kale, A., Mohamed, Z., Amireh, H., Venkatesh Prasad, V., Bernstein, A., Robinson, E., Snellman, K., Sommer, S.A., Otner, S.M.G., Robinson, D.A., Madan, N., Silberzahn, R., Goldstein, P., Tierney, W., Murase, T., Mandl, B., Viganola, D., Strobl, C., Schaumans, C.B.C., Kelchtermans, S., Naseeb, C., Mason Garrison, S., Yarkoni, T., Richard Chan, C. S., Adie, P., Alaburda, P., Albers, C., Alspaugh, S., Alstott, J., Nelson, A.A., Ariño de la Rubia, E., Arzi, A., Bahník, Š., Baik, J., Winther Balling, L., Banker, S., Baranger, D.A.A., Barr, D.J., Barros-Rivera, B., Bauer, M., Blaise, E., Boelen, L., Bohle Carbonell, K., Briers, R.A., Burkhard, O., Canela, M.A., Castrillo, L., Catlett, T., Chen, O., Clark, M., Cohn, B., Coppock, A., Cugueró-Escofet, N., Curran, P.G., Cyrus-Lai, W., Dai, D., Valentino Dalla Riva, G., Danielsson, H., Russo, R.d.F.S.M., de Silva, N., Derungs, C., Dondelinger, F., Duarte de Souza, C., Tyson Dube, B., Dubova, M., Dunn, B.M., Edelsbrunner, P.A., Finley, S., Fox, N., Gnambs, T., Gong, Y., Grand, E., Greenawalt, B., Han, D., Hanel, P.H.P., Hong, A.B., Hood, D., Hsueh, J., Huang, L., Hui, K.N., Hultman, K.A., Javaid, A., Ji Jiang, L., Jong, J., Kamdar, J., Kane, D., Kappler, G., Kaszubowski, E., Kavanagh, C.M., Khabsa, M., Kleinberg, B., Kouros, J., Krause, H., Krypotos, A.M., Lavbič, D., Ling Lee, R., Leffel, T., Yang Lim, W., Liverani, S., Loh, B., Lønsmann, D., Wei Low, J., Lu, A., MacDonald, K., Madan, C.R., Hjorth Madsen, L., Maimone, C., Mangold, A., Marshall, A., Matskewich, H.E., Mavon, K., McLain, K.L., McNamara, A.A., McNeill, M., Mertens, U., Miller, D., Moore, B., Moore, A., Nantz, E., Nasrullah, Z., Nejkovic, V., Nell, C.S., Nilsonne, G., Nolan, R., O'Brien, C.E., O'Neill, P., O'Shea, K., Olita, T., Otterbacher, J., Palsetia, D., Pereira, B., Pozdniakov, I., Protzko, J., Reyt, J.N., Riddle, T., (Akmal) Ridhwan Omar Ali, A., Ropovik, I., Rosenberg, J.M., Rothen, S., Schulte-Mecklenbeck, M., Sharma, N., Shotwell, G., Skarzynski, M., Stedden, W., Stodden, V., Stoffel, M.A., Stoltzman, S., Subbaiah, S., Tatman, R., Thibodeau, P.H., Tomkins, S., Valdivia, A., Druijff-van de Woestijne, G.B., Viana, L., Villesèche, F., Wadsworth, W.D., Wanders, F., Watts, K., Wells, J.D., Whelpley, C.E., Won, A., Wu, L., Yip, A., Youngflesh, C., Yu, J.C., Zandian, A., Zhang, L., Zibman, C., Uhlmann, E.L., Social Networks, Solidarity and Inequality, Leerstoel Buskens, Structural geology and EM, Experimental psychopathology, Leerstoel Engelhard, Schweinsberg, M., Feldman, M., Staub, N., van den Akker, O.R., van Aert, R.C.M., van Assen, M.A.L.M., Liu, Y., Althoff, T., Heer, J., Kale, A., Mohamed, Z., Amireh, H., Venkatesh Prasad, V., Bernstein, A., Robinson, E., Snellman, K., Sommer, S.A., Otner, S.M.G., Robinson, D.A., Madan, N., Silberzahn, R., Goldstein, P., Tierney, W., Murase, T., Mandl, B., Viganola, D., Strobl, C., Schaumans, C.B.C., Kelchtermans, S., Naseeb, C., Mason Garrison, S., Yarkoni, T., Richard Chan, C. S., Adie, P., Alaburda, P., Albers, C., Alspaugh, S., Alstott, J., Nelson, A.A., Ariño de la Rubia, E., Arzi, A., Bahník, Š., Baik, J., Winther Balling, L., Banker, S., Baranger, D.A.A., Barr, D.J., Barros-Rivera, B., Bauer, M., Blaise, E., Boelen, L., Bohle Carbonell, K., Briers, R.A., Burkhard, O., Canela, M.A., Castrillo, L., Catlett, T., Chen, O., Clark, M., Cohn, B., Coppock, A., Cugueró-Escofet, N., Curran, P.G., Cyrus-Lai, W., Dai, D., Valentino Dalla Riva, G., Danielsson, H., Russo, R.d.F.S.M., de Silva, N., Derungs, C., Dondelinger, F., Duarte de Souza, C., Tyson Dube, B., Dubova, M., Dunn, B.M., Edelsbrunner, P.A., Finley, S., Fox, N., Gnambs, T., Gong, Y., Grand, E., Greenawalt, B., Han, D., Hanel, P.H.P., Hong, A.B., Hood, D., Hsueh, J., Huang, L., Hui, K.N., Hultman, K.A., Javaid, A., Ji Jiang, L., Jong, J., Kamdar, J., Kane, D., Kappler, G., Kaszubowski, E., Kavanagh, C.M., Khabsa, M., Kleinberg, B., Kouros, J., Krause, H., Krypotos, A.M., Lavbič, D., Ling Lee, R., Leffel, T., Yang Lim, W., Liverani, S., Loh, B., Lønsmann, D., Wei Low, J., Lu, A., MacDonald, K., Madan, C.R., Hjorth Madsen, L., Maimone, C., Mangold, A., Marshall, A., Matskewich, H.E., Mavon, K., McLain, K.L., McNamara, A.A., McNeill, M., Mertens, U., Miller, D., Moore, B., Moore, A., Nantz, E., Nasrullah, Z., Nejkovic, V., Nell, C.S., Nilsonne, G., Nolan, R., O'Brien, C.E., O'Neill, P., O'Shea, K., Olita, T., Otterbacher, J., Palsetia, D., Pereira, B., Pozdniakov, I., Protzko, J., Reyt, J.N., Riddle, T., (Akmal) Ridhwan Omar Ali, A., Ropovik, I., Rosenberg, J.M., Rothen, S., Schulte-Mecklenbeck, M., Sharma, N., Shotwell, G., Skarzynski, M., Stedden, W., Stodden, V., Stoffel, M.A., Stoltzman, S., Subbaiah, S., Tatman, R., Thibodeau, P.H., Tomkins, S., Valdivia, A., Druijff-van de Woestijne, G.B., Viana, L., Villesèche, F., Wadsworth, W.D., Wanders, F., Watts, K., Wells, J.D., Whelpley, C.E., Won, A., Wu, L., Yip, A., Youngflesh, C., Yu, J.C., Zandian, A., Zhang, L., Zibman, C., and Uhlmann, E.L.

Published
2021

4. Putting the Self in Self-Correction: Findings From the Loss-of-Confidence Project

Author

Rohrer, JM, Tierney, W, Uhlmann, EL, DeBruine, LM, Heyman, T, Jones, B, Schmukle, SC, Silberzahn, R, Willen, RM, Carlsson, R, Lucas, RE, Strand, J, Vazire, S, Witt, JK, Zentall, TR, Chabris, CF, Yarkoni, T, Rohrer, JM, Tierney, W, Uhlmann, EL, DeBruine, LM, Heyman, T, Jones, B, Schmukle, SC, Silberzahn, R, Willen, RM, Carlsson, R, Lucas, RE, Strand, J, Vazire, S, Witt, JK, Zentall, TR, Chabris, CF, and Yarkoni, T

Abstract

Science is often perceived to be a self-correcting enterprise. In principle, the assessment of scientific claims is supposed to proceed in a cumulative fashion, with the reigning theories of the day progressively approximating truth more accurately over time. In practice, however, cumulative self-correction tends to proceed less efficiently than one might naively suppose. Far from evaluating new evidence dispassionately and infallibly, individual scientists often cling stubbornly to prior findings. Here we explore the dynamics of scientific self-correction at an individual rather than collective level. In 13 written statements, researchers from diverse branches of psychology share why and how they have lost confidence in one of their own published findings. We qualitatively characterize these disclosures and explore their implications. A cross-disciplinary survey suggests that such loss-of-confidence sentiments are surprisingly common among members of the broader scientific population yet rarely become part of the public record. We argue that removing barriers to self-correction at the individual level is imperative if the scientific community as a whole is to achieve the ideal of efficient self-correction.

Published
2021

7. Many analysts, one dataset: making transparent how variations in analytical choices affect results

Author

Silberzahn, R., Uhlmann, E.L., Martin, D.P., Anselmi, P., Aust, F., Awtrey, E., Bai, F., Bannard, C., Bonnier, E., Carlsson, R., Cheung, F., Christensen, G., Clay, R., Craig, M.A., Dalla Rosa, A., Dam, L., Evans, M.H., Flores Cervantes, I., Fong, N., Gamez-Djokic, M., Glenz, A., Gordon-McKeon, S., Heaton, T.J., Hederos, K., Heene, M., Hofelich Mohr, A.J., Hui, K., Johannesson, M., Kalodimos, J., Kaszubowski, E., Kennedy, D.M., Lei, R., Lindsay, T.A., Liverani, S., Madan, C.R., Molden, D., Molleman, E., Morey, R.D., Mulder, L.B., Nijstad, B.R., Pope, N.G., Pope, B., Prenoveau, J.M., Rink, F., Robusto, E., Roderique, H., Sandberg, A., Sherman, M.F., Sommer, S.A., Sotak, K., Spain, S., Stafford, T., Stefanutti, L., Tauber, S., Ullrich, J., Vianello, M., Wagenmakers, E.-J., Witkowiak, M., Yoon, S., and Nosek, B.A.

Abstract

Twenty-nine teams involving 61 analysts used the same dataset to address the same research question: whether soccer referees are more likely to give red cards to dark skin toned players than light skin toned players. Analytic approaches varied widely across teams, and estimated effect sizes ranged from 0.89 to 2.93 in odds ratio units, with a median of 1.31. Twenty teams (69%) found a statistically significant positive effect and nine teams (31%) observed a nonsignificant relationship. Overall 29 different analyses used 21 unique combinations of covariates. We found that neither analysts' prior beliefs about the effect, nor their level of expertise, nor peer-reviewed quality of analysis readily explained variation in analysis outcomes. This suggests that significant variation in the results of analyses of complex data may be difficult to avoid, even by experts with honest intentions. Crowdsourcing data analysis, a strategy by which numerous research teams are recruited to simultaneously investigate the same research question, makes transparent how defensible, yet subjective analytic choices influence research results.

Published
2018

8. Many analysts, one dataset: Making transparent how variations in analytical choices affect results

Author

Silberzahn, R, Uhlmann, E, Martin, DP, Bannard, and Nosek, B

Abstract

Twenty-nine teams involving 61 analysts used the same data set to address the same research question: whether soccer referees are more likely to give red cards to dark-skin-toned players than to light-skin-toned players. Analytic approaches varied widely across the teams, and the estimated effect sizes ranged from 0.89 to 2.93 (Mdn = 1.31) in odds-ratio units. Twenty teams (69%) found a statistically significant positive effect, and 9 teams (31%) did not observe a significant relationship. Overall, the 29 different analyses used 21 unique combinations of covariates. Neither analysts’ prior beliefs about the effect of interest nor their level of expertise readily explained the variation in the outcomes of the analyses. Peer ratings of the quality of the analyses also did not account for the variability. These findings suggest that significant variation in the results of analyses of complex data may be difficult to avoid, even by experts with honest intentions. Crowdsourcing data analysis, a strategy in which numerous research teams are recruited to simultaneously investigate the same research question, makes transparent how defensible, yet subjective, analytic choices influence research results.

Published
2018

9. Many Analysts, One Data Set: Making Transparent How Variations in Analytic Choices Affect Results

Author

Silberzahn, R., primary, Uhlmann, E. L., additional, Martin, D. P., additional, Anselmi, P., additional, Aust, F., additional, Awtrey, E., additional, Bahník, Š., additional, Bai, F., additional, Bannard, C., additional, Bonnier, E., additional, Carlsson, R., additional, Cheung, F., additional, Christensen, G., additional, Clay, R., additional, Craig, M. A., additional, Dalla Rosa, A., additional, Dam, L., additional, Evans, M. H., additional, Flores Cervantes, I., additional, Fong, N., additional, Gamez-Djokic, M., additional, Glenz, A., additional, Gordon-McKeon, S., additional, Heaton, T. J., additional, Hederos, K., additional, Heene, M., additional, Hofelich Mohr, A. J., additional, Högden, F., additional, Hui, K., additional, Johannesson, M., additional, Kalodimos, J., additional, Kaszubowski, E., additional, Kennedy, D. M., additional, Lei, R., additional, Lindsay, T. A., additional, Liverani, S., additional, Madan, C. R., additional, Molden, D., additional, Molleman, E., additional, Morey, R. D., additional, Mulder, L. B., additional, Nijstad, B. R., additional, Pope, N. G., additional, Pope, B., additional, Prenoveau, J. M., additional, Rink, F., additional, Robusto, E., additional, Roderique, H., additional, Sandberg, A., additional, Schlüter, E., additional, Schönbrodt, F. D., additional, Sherman, M. F., additional, Sommer, S. A., additional, Sotak, K., additional, Spain, S., additional, Spörlein, C., additional, Stafford, T., additional, Stefanutti, L., additional, Tauber, S., additional, Ullrich, J., additional, Vianello, M., additional, Wagenmakers, E.-J., additional, Witkowiak, M., additional, Yoon, S., additional, and Nosek, B. A., additional

Published
2018
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10. Many Analysts, One Data Set : Making Transparent How Variations in Analytic Choices Affect Results

Author

Silberzahn, R., Hederos, Karin, Sandberg, Anna, Nosek, B. A., Silberzahn, R., Hederos, Karin, Sandberg, Anna, and Nosek, B. A.

Abstract

Twenty-nine teams involving 61 analysts used the same data set to address the same research question: whether soccer referees are more likely to give red cards to dark-skin-toned players than to light-skin-toned players. Analytic approaches varied widely across the teams, and the estimated effect sizes ranged from 0.89 to 2.93 (Mdn = 1.31) in odds-ratio units. Twenty teams (69%) found a statistically significant positive effect, and 9 teams (31%) did not observe a significant relationship. Overall, the 29 different analyses used 21 unique combinations of covariates. Neither analysts’ prior beliefs about the effect of interest nor their level of expertise readily explained the variation in the outcomes of the analyses. Peer ratings of the quality of the analyses also did not account for the variability. These findings suggest that significant variation in the results of analyses of complex data may be difficult to avoid, even by experts with honest intentions. Crowdsourcing data analysis, a strategy in which numerous research teams are recruited to simultaneously investigate the same research question, makes transparent how defensible, yet subjective, analytic choices influence research results.

Published
2018
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12. Managerial coordination challenges in the alignment of capabilities and new subsidiary charters in MNEs

Author

Friesl, Martin, Silberzahn, R, Friesl, Martin, and Silberzahn, R

Abstract

Subsidiary-level change requires the alignment of subsidiary charters and capabilities. Yet, the mechanisms through which the alignment of charters and capabilities unfolds are not yet well understood. In this paper, we investigate alignment from the perspective of managerial coordination. Drawing on a longitudinal study of a global IT firm, we identify three coordination mechanisms (charter-, experience-, and interaction-based coordination). By tracing the shifts in these coordination mechanisms over time and by specifying the implications of each mechanism for capability level change, we explain how managerial coordination influences alignment via subsidiary level capability change as well as alignment via the potential renegotiation of charters. This also allows us to provide new insights into situations of misalignment by explaining that particular mechanisms of coordination may become a source of decoupling between subsidiary actions and HQ mandates and may also result in capability level inertia. Moreover, while prior research has already acknowledged the role of interaction-based coordination for capability level change we show how and why such a mechanism of coordination emerges.

Published
2017

15. Challenges in establishing global collaboration:temporal, strategic and operational decoupling

Author

Friesl, M, Silberzahn, R, Friesl, M, and Silberzahn, R

Abstract

Collaboration among the subsidiaries of multinational enterprises (MNEs) can lead to major synergies and efficiency gains. Despite these benefits, global collaboration is still only partly corporate reality. Research indicates that major obstacles still lie in establishing subsidiary collaboration. Initiating global collaboration requires strategic renewal with profound implications for MNEs’ local operations. In this article we investigate the process of strategic renewal leading to global collaboration and the challenges involved. We present a longitudinal case of an international IT company and its effort to establish global collaboration among its subsidiaries. The case analysis reveals that the establishment of global collaboration was affected by a decoupling of headquarters and subsidiaries along three dimensions: temporal, strategic and operational. Our findings have implications for research on global collaboration as well as strategic renewal. Practitioners can benefit from a discussion of challenges in the establishment of a collaborative strategy in MNEs and suggestions for how these challenges can be overcome.

Published
2012

16. Challenges in establishing global collaboration : temporal, strategic and operational decoupling

Author

Friesl, M, Silberzahn, R, Friesl, M, and Silberzahn, R

Abstract

Collaboration among the subsidiaries of multinational enterprises (MNEs) can lead to major synergies and efficiency gains. Despite these benefits, global collaboration is still only partly corporate reality. Research indicates that major obstacles still lie in establishing subsidiary collaboration. Initiating global collaboration requires strategic renewal with profound implications for MNEs’ local operations. In this article we investigate the process of strategic renewal leading to global collaboration and the challenges involved. We present a longitudinal case of an international IT company and its effort to establish global collaboration among its subsidiaries. The case analysis reveals that the establishment of global collaboration was affected by a decoupling of headquarters and subsidiaries along three dimensions: temporal, strategic and operational. Our findings have implications for research on global collaboration as well as strategic renewal. Practitioners can benefit from a discussion of challenges in the establishment of a collaborative strategy in MNEs and suggestions for how these challenges can be overcome.

Published
2012

20. Consensus-based guidance for conducting and reporting multi-analyst studies.

Author

Aczel B, Szaszi B, Nilsonne G, van den Akker OR, Albers CJ, van Assen MA, Bastiaansen JA, Benjamin D, Boehm U, Botvinik-Nezer R, Bringmann LF, Busch NA, Caruyer E, Cataldo AM, Cowan N, Delios A, van Dongen NN, Donkin C, van Doorn JB, Dreber A, Dutilh G, Egan GF, Gernsbacher MA, Hoekstra R, Hoffmann S, Holzmeister F, Huber J, Johannesson M, Jonas KJ, Kindel AT, Kirchler M, Kunkels YK, Lindsay DS, Mangin JF, Matzke D, Munafò MR, Newell BR, Nosek BA, Poldrack RA, van Ravenzwaaij D, Rieskamp J, Salganik MJ, Sarafoglou A, Schonberg T, Schweinsberg M, Shanks D, Silberzahn R, Simons DJ, Spellman BA, St-Jean S, Starns JJ, Uhlmann EL, Wicherts J, and Wagenmakers EJ

Subjects
Consensus, Data Analysis, Datasets as Topic, Research
Abstract

Any large dataset can be analyzed in a number of ways, and it is possible that the use of different analysis strategies will lead to different results and conclusions. One way to assess whether the results obtained depend on the analysis strategy chosen is to employ multiple analysts and leave each of them free to follow their own approach. Here, we present consensus-based guidance for conducting and reporting such multi-analyst studies, and we discuss how broader adoption of the multi-analyst approach has the potential to strengthen the robustness of results and conclusions obtained from analyses of datasets in basic and applied research., Competing Interests: BA, BS, GN, Ov, CA, Mv, JB, DB, UB, RB, LB, NB, EC, AC, NC, AD, Nv, CD, Jv, AD, GD, GE, MG, RH, SH, FH, JH, MJ, KJ, AK, MK, YK, DL, JM, DM, MM, BN, RP, Dv, JR, MS, AS, TS, MS, DS, RS, DS, BS, SS, JS, EU, JW, EW No competing interests declared, BN Executive Director of the Center for Open Science, a non-profit technology and culture change organization with a mission to increase openness, integrity, and reproducibility of research, (© 2021, Aczel et al.)

Published
2021
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21. Putting the Self in Self-Correction: Findings From the Loss-of-Confidence Project.

Author

Rohrer JM, Tierney W, Uhlmann EL, DeBruine LM, Heyman T, Jones B, Schmukle SC, Silberzahn R, Willén RM, Carlsson R, Lucas RE, Strand J, Vazire S, Witt JK, Zentall TR, Chabris CF, and Yarkoni T

Subjects
Attitude, Humans, Mental Processes, Writing, Publications, Research Personnel
Abstract

Science is often perceived to be a self-correcting enterprise. In principle, the assessment of scientific claims is supposed to proceed in a cumulative fashion, with the reigning theories of the day progressively approximating truth more accurately over time. In practice, however, cumulative self-correction tends to proceed less efficiently than one might naively suppose. Far from evaluating new evidence dispassionately and infallibly, individual scientists often cling stubbornly to prior findings. Here we explore the dynamics of scientific self-correction at an individual rather than collective level. In 13 written statements, researchers from diverse branches of psychology share why and how they have lost confidence in one of their own published findings. We qualitatively characterize these disclosures and explore their implications. A cross-disciplinary survey suggests that such loss-of-confidence sentiments are surprisingly common among members of the broader scientific population yet rarely become part of the public record. We argue that removing barriers to self-correction at the individual level is imperative if the scientific community as a whole is to achieve the ideal of efficient self-correction.

Published
2021
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22. Scientific Utopia III: Crowdsourcing Science.

Author

Uhlmann EL, Ebersole CR, Chartier CR, Errington TM, Kidwell MC, Lai CK, McCarthy RJ, Riegelman A, Silberzahn R, and Nosek BA

Subjects
Cooperative Behavior, Data Analysis, Data Collection methods, Humans, Peer Review, Publishing, Research Design, Writing, Crowdsourcing methods, Interprofessional Relations, Science methods, Utopias
Abstract

Most scientific research is conducted by small teams of investigators who together formulate hypotheses, collect data, conduct analyses, and report novel findings. These teams operate independently as vertically integrated silos. Here we argue that scientific research that is horizontally distributed can provide substantial complementary value, aiming to maximize available resources, promote inclusiveness and transparency, and increase rigor and reliability. This alternative approach enables researchers to tackle ambitious projects that would not be possible under the standard model. Crowdsourced scientific initiatives vary in the degree of communication between project members from largely independent work curated by a coordination team to crowd collaboration on shared activities. The potential benefits and challenges of large-scale collaboration span the entire research process: ideation, study design, data collection, data analysis, reporting, and peer review. Complementing traditional small science with crowdsourced approaches can accelerate the progress of science and improve the quality of scientific research.

Published
2019
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23. Crowdsourced research: Many hands make tight work.

Author

Silberzahn R and Uhlmann EL

Subjects
Bias, Datasets as Topic, Humans, Information Dissemination, Prejudice prevention & control, Prejudice psychology, Racial Groups psychology, Racial Groups statistics & numerical data, Reproducibility of Results, Soccer psychology, Soccer standards, Workforce, Consensus, Crowdsourcing, Research standards, Research Design
Published
2015
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25. Conformity under uncertainty: reliance on gender stereotypes in online hiring decisions.

Author

Uhlmann EL and Silberzahn R

Subjects
Humans, Data Collection, Decision Making, Social Behavior, Social Networking
Abstract

We apply Bentley et al.'s theoretical framework to better understand gender discrimination in online labor markets. Although such settings are designed to encourage employer behavior in the northwest corner of Homo economicus, actual online hiring decisions tend to drift southeast into a "confirmation bias plus weak feedback loops" pattern of discrimination based on inaccurate social stereotypes.

Published
2014
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26. It pays to be Herr Kaiser: Germans with noble-sounding surnames more often work as managers than as employees.

Author

Silberzahn R and Uhlmann EL

Subjects
Adult, Association, Germany ethnology, Humans, Names, Occupations statistics & numerical data, Personnel Selection, Social Perception
Abstract

In the field study reported here (N = 222,924), we found that Germans with noble-sounding surnames, such as Kaiser ("emperor"), König ("king"), and Fürst ("prince"), more frequently hold managerial positions than Germans with last names that either refer to common everyday occupations, such as Koch ("cook"), Bauer ("farmer"), and Becker/Bäcker ("baker"), or do not refer to any social role. This phenomenon occurs despite the fact that noble-sounding surnames never indicated that the person actually held a noble title. Because of basic properties of associative cognition, the status linked to a name may spill over to its bearer and influence his or her occupational outcomes.

Published
2013
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