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This study evaluated the osteogenic potential of the bioactive glasses SinGlass (45S5) and SinGlass High (F18) in regenerating critical bone defects in rat calvaria. Both biomaterials promoted new bone formation around the particles, with the SinGlass High (F18) group exhibiting a higher rate of bone maturation. Histomorphological and birefringence analyses revealed better organization of the newly formed bone in the biomaterial-treated groups, and immunohistochemistry indicated the expression of osteogenic markers such as osteocalcin, immunostaining for bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP 2), and immunostaining for bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP 4). Microtomography computadorized (Micro-CT) revealed centripetal bone formation in both groups, with greater integration of the particles into the surrounding bone tissue. The superior performance of SinGlass High (F18) was attributed to its higher potassium and magnesium content, which enhance osteoconductivity. After 42 days, the SinGlass High (F18) group showed the highest percentage of new bone formation, in line with previous studies. Although our results are promising, the limited follow-up period and use of a single animal model highlight the need for further research to validate clinical applicability. SinGlass High (F18) appears to be a viable alternative to autografts in bone repair, with potential to improve tissue integration and accelerate recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess the association between genetic polymorphisms in BMP2 (rs1005464 and rs235768), BMP4 (rs17563), SMAD6 (rs2119261 and rs3934908) and RUNX2 (rs59983488 and rs1200425) and pulp stones (PS). A total of 117 participants, consisting of 63 individuals with PS and 54 without PS, were included. Digital radiographs and a demographic/clinical questionnaire were used. Genomic DNA from salivary cells was genotyped via real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analyses, including Chi‐Square, Fisher's exact tests, Poisson regression and dimensionality reduction, were conducted. The rs2119261 polymorphism in the SMAD6 gene showed an association with genotype distribution in the recessive model (p = 0.049). The T–T haplotype in the SMAD6 gene (rs2119261 and rs3934908) was more prevalent in the control group and significantly linked with PS (p = 0.029). No associations were found between PS risk and genetic polymorphisms in BMP2, BMP4 and RUNX2. Polymorphisms in the SMAD6 gene were associated with PS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shaping ability evaluation of taper./01 instruments in large root canals, by microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Maxillary central incisors with large diameter root canals were divided into two groups (n = 10): XP‐Endo Shaper (FKG‐Dentaire, Switzerland) and manual instrumentation (FKG‐Dentaire). Two‐ and three‐dimensional parameters from cervical to apical root thirds were evaluated by micro‐CT. Apical stop was evaluated by SEM images. Data were analysed by ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 5%). XP‐Endo Shaper allowed a regular biomechanical preparation with less dentinal wear compared with manual instrumentation, which showed excessive wear of the thin root canal walls (p < 0.05). Roundness and SMI showed similarity between both protocols (p > 0.05). XP‐Endo Shaper SEM showed a regular and well‐defined shape of the apical foramen suggesting the formation of the apical stop. Reduced diameter and taper instruments promoted a conservative wear and a well‐defined apical stop formation in large root canals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate if there was an association between genetic polymorphisms in tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐⍺ and its receptors TNFRSF1A and TNFRSF1B with persistent apical periodontitis (PAP) in Brazilian subjects. Methodology: Patients who had pulpal necrosis and apical periodontitis at the time of treatment, with at least 1‐year of follow‐up after non‐surgical root canal treatment were recalled. Three hundred and seventy eight subjects were included, 150 subjects with signs/symptoms of PAP and 228 subjects with root canal‐treated teeth exhibiting healthy perirradicular tissues (healed). Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva and used for TNF‐⍺ (rs1800629), TNFRSF1A (rs1800693) and TNFRSF1B (rs1061622) genotyping by real‐time PCR. Genotypes and alleles frequencies were evaluated by c2 or Fisher's exact tests and odds ratios were implemented (α = 5%). Results: The genetic polymorphism in TNF‐α (rs1800629) was associated as a protective factor for the development of PAP (p <.05), once subjects who presented at least one allele A (AA+AG X GG), had a higher chance to lesion repair (p <.05). The polymorphisms rs1800693 and rs1061622 in TNF receptors (TNFRSF1A and TNFRSF1B, respectively) were not associated with the development of PAP (p >.05). Conclusions: The observed results demonstrate that polymorphism in TNF‐α but not in its receptors is associated with PAP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the shaping ability of several heat‐treated nickel–titanium systems used to prepare root canals with moderate and severe curvature, in extracted mandibular molars, by micro‐computed tomography, considering their variation in kinematics and design. Methodology: Curved‐mesial roots of mandibular molars were randomly selected and assigned into 4 balanced experimental groups (n = 10), established by determining homogeneous 3D parameters of volume and surface area: R‐Motion (RM) size 30, 0.04 taper (RM; FKG Dentaire), Reciproc Blue (RCB) size 25, 0.08 taper (RCB; VDW GmbH), HyFlex CM (HFX) size 30, 0.04 taper (HFX; Coltène Whaledent) and XP‐endo Shaper size (XPS) 30, 0.01 taper (XPS; FKG Dentaire). The volume of irrigation was established at 10 ml of 2.5% NaOCl. Throughout the entire root canal preparation procedures, the samples were fixed in a vice submerged in a container with water monitored at 37°C. Dimensional cross‐sectional measures of area, perimeter, roundness, major/minor diameters and 3‐dimensional (volume, surface area, structure model index – SMI) parameters as well as the smallest dentine thickness along the cervical and middle root thirds were evaluated by micro‐CT. Data were analysed using analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey tests (α = 5%). Results: Reciproc Blue and XPS had significantly greater mean increases in cross‐sectional area measurements, only in the middle third, when compared with RM and HFX (p <.05). RM, RCB and XPS had a similar increase in measurements of length and width of perimeter (p >.05), and HFX had significantly lower mean increases in perimeter values only when compared with XPS (p <.05). RCB and XPS had significantly greater mean increases in volume when compared with RM and HFX (p <.05). RM had a significantly lower difference in SMI after preparation, compared with RCB, HFX and XPS (p <.05). The smallest dentine thickness was observed after the use of RCB (p <.05), in the danger and safety zones. Conclusions: XP‐endo Shaper and RM had a shaping ability similar to that of instruments with larger tapers, achieved with less dentine removal in danger and safe zones in curved‐mesial canals of extracted molar teeth treated on a laboratory benchtop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The minimally invasive endodontic access is not directly associated with tooth discoloration in the presence of bioceramic or epoxy resin-based root canal sealers. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of minimally invasive access and endodontic sealer composition on the color stability of endodontically-treated teeth, the restorative material adaptation, and the presence of remaining filling material in the pulp chamber. Endodontic access surgery was performed in maxillary central incisors, either through conservative or minimally invasive approaches, and the root was filled with AH Plus or Bio-C Sealer. The crown color was measured with a spectrophotometer at baseline and after root obturation, restoration, and specimen storage for one year in an oven. The occurrence of voids in the restoration and the remaining filling material was analyzed using micro-CT scans. The Yellowness Index (YI) and color changes (∆E00) were calculated after each color measurement. Data of micro-CT were submitted to 2-way ANOVA, and YI and ∆E00 were analyzed with repeated-measures ANOVA. Pair-wise comparisons were performed with Tukey's test (α = 0.05). The experimental conditions had no effect on the presence of the remaining material. The minimally invasive access associated with Bio-C Sealer resulted in more voids between the restoration and the remaining filling material. Only the evaluation time affected YI and ∆E00 values. Specimens became more yellow after filling and storage in the oven (the highest ∆E00 values). The present study showed that sealer and minimally invasive cavities are not associated with crown color stability following endodontic treatment.

To evaluate the impact of genetic polymorphisms in interleukins (IL1A rs17561, rs1304037; IL10 rs1800871; IL1RN rs9005), nitric oxide (NOS2 rs2779249, rs2897518) and suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS1 rs243327, rs33977706) on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients under-going root canal treatment (RCT)., Methods: The sample consisted of 108 participants, presenting single-rooted teeth with asymptomatic periapical periodontitis. The impact of the OHRQoL was recorded using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) before, seven, and 30 days after RCT. Saliva samples were collected as a source of genomic DNA. Genetic polymorphisms were genotyped by Real-Time PCR using the Taqman method. Univariate and Multivariate analyses were used (p<0.05)., Results: A significant difference was observed for the polymorphism rs2297518 in the NOS2 gene in functional limitation in the codominant (p=0.037) and recessive (p=0.001) models; in the physical pain (p<0.001 in both models); in psychological discomfort (p<0.001 in both models); in physical disability (p<0.001 in both models) and in psychological disability (p<0.001 in both models). Polymorphisms in the SOCS1 gene, in the recessive model, rs33977706 (p=0.045) and rs243327 (p=0.019), influenced the OHRQoL in the psychological discomfort domain., Conclusions: Polymorphisms in NOS2 and SOCS1 genes influenced the OHRQoL of patients undergoing RCT.

The aim of this study was to describe a new strategy, consisting of the use of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the planning and intraoperative stages of root canal treatment (RCT), associated with the use of radiopaque gutta-percha markers, as an auxiliary tool in the location of severely calcified root canals. Three cases involving anterior and posterior teeth with severe calcification of the root canal were submitted to initial periapical radiographic and CBCT evaluations for diagnosis and planning of the operative steps. In a first intervention, when the location of the canal orifice was not successful, radiopaque markers were inserted in the suggested position of canal orifice with the aid of magnification and the use of ultrasonic devices, in order to perform an intraoperative CBCT analysis that allowed dynamic navigation through the static position of markers. The association of intraoperative CBCT with radiopaque markers allowed the location of the canal orifice and the following RCT execution. The use of CBCT in two different moments of RCT allowed the diagnosis of three-dimensional anatomical variations of root canal. Add, when associated with the use of radiopaque gutta-percha markers, acted as an auxiliary tool in the location of the canal orifice of calcified canals. Therefore, the presented strategy provides the clinician the precision that cases with calcification require and give an important contribution to treatment predictability., Competing Interests: ‘None declared’.