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This study assessed the in vitro anthelmintic activity of eugenol, thymol and tannic acid against the acanthocephalan endoparasite Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae. Tambaqui fish Colossoma macropomum intestines were collected and dissected for parasite removal. The anthelmintic activity of the compounds studied was tested in vitro using minimum essential medium (MEM) to maintain parasite viability. One control group and from 8 to 10 treatments were carried out in triplicate. Ten N. buttnerae specimens were introduced to each MEM plate, and after exposure to the compounds, parasite motility was observed every 15 min. The LC50 value of eugenol after 2, 6 and 24 h exposure was 1.01, 0.79 and 0.41 mg.mL-1, respectively; to thymol the values were 1.97, 0.96 and 0.92 mg.mL-1, and to tannic acid were 4.68, 1.79 and 1.30 mg.mL-1. Among the compounds tested, eugenol was the most efficient against N. buttnerae, eliminating 100% of the parasites after 15 min exposure to the three highest concentrations tested (1.56, 3.125 and 6.25 mg.mL-1). Thymol eliminated over 90% of the parasites after 2h exposure to the three highest levels tested (0.78, 1.56 and 3.125 mg.mL-1), and tannic acid showed the lowest activity, eliminating 100% of parasites after 6h exposure to doses between 6.25 and 50 mg.mL-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Higiene e Sanidade Animal is the property of Associacao Cientifica dos Medicos Veterinarios do Ceara and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Higiene e Sanidade Animal is the property of Associacao Cientifica dos Medicos Veterinarios do Ceara and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the search for speed and flexibility in customer service, demand management has become a key process of organizations, leveraged by the current model of competition. In it demand management becomes critical to maximizing the performance of the entire chain. Given this reality, the present article aims to identify the main difficulties faced by the wholesale distributor in the management of demand. Through the semi-structured interviews and with the help of Tropes software in the content analysis, it was identified that the main challenges in the wholesale distributor demand management are: economic scenario, team, responsibility, variability, seasonality, confidence, failure, communication, leadership and goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]