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The pulp and paper industry generates a high volume of solid wastes that are usually burned to obtain energy, directed to landfills, or incinerated. Among the wastes generated in this process is the paper sludge, a residue rich in cellulose with low lignin content making it a useful raw material to produce high-value products such as cheap immobilization supports. In the current work, paper sludge was activated using different functional groups (amino, epoxy, and aldehyde). The xylanase GH10 from Malbranchea pulchella was used as a model enzyme for the immobilization assays. The enzyme was efficiently immobilized through reversible immobilization on aminated support monoaminoethyl-N-ethyl (MANAE) and polyethyleneimine (PEI), achieving yields of more than 90 %. Furthermore, the yield and activity of the biocatalyst immobilized with paper sludge using groups glyoxyl and epoxy (irreversible immobilization) were higher than the enzyme immobilized on agarose supports. The biocatalyst immobilized on paper sludge-epoxy presented the best results, reaching 12.54 U.g-1 of support. Therefore, the use of paper sludge, such as backbone of different immobilization supports, was an efficient method and promising approach for the immobilization of enzymes such as xylanase. More studies are necessary to optimize the displayed potential for future applications as tests in other enzymes of different characteristics and their behavior with bifunctional reagents as the glutaraldehyde. Furthermore, the valorization of these residues in a biorefinery context holds great socio-economical relevance for Portugal and Brazil. Thus, our perspectives are the development of a hybrid biocatalyst using magnetics nanoparticles and paper sludge., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

As the effects of the Global Climate Changes on the costal regions of Central and South Americas advance, there is proportionally little research being made to understand such impacts. This commentary puts forward a series of propositions of strategies to improve performance of Central and South American science and policy making in order to cope with the future impacts of the Global Climate Changes in their coastal habitats. Fil: Turra, Alexander. Universiade de São Paulo. Instituto Oceanogr afico. Departamento de Oceanografia Biol ogica; Brasil Fil: Cróquer, Aldo. Universidad Simon Bolivar. Departamento de Estudios Ambientales, División Ciências Biol ogicas; Venezuela Fil: Carranza, Alvar. Universidad de la Republica. Museo Nacional de Historia Natural; Uruguay Fil: Mansilla, Andres. Universidad de Magallanes. Laboratorio de Macroalgas Ant articas y Subant articas; Chile. Instituto de Ecolog ıa y Biodiversidad; Chile Fil: Areces, Arsenio J.. Universidad de La Habana. Instituto de Oceanologia; Cuba Fil: Werlinger, Camilo. Universidad de Concepci on. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanograficas. Departamento de Oceanografia; Chile Fil: Martinez Bayón, Carlos. Universidad de La Habana. Instituto de Oceanologia; Cuba Fil: Gomes Nassar, Cristina Aparecida. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Plastino, Estela. Universidade de São Paulo. Departamento de Botânica. Instituto de Biociências; Brasil Fil: Schwindt, Evangelina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; Argentina Fil: Scarabino, Fabricio. Direcci on Nacional de Recursos Acu aticos; Uruguay. Museo Nacional de Historia Natural; Uruguay Fil: Chow, Fungyi. Universidade de São Paulo. Departamento de Botânica. Instituto de Biociências; Brasil Fil: Figueroa, Felix Lopes. Universidad de Malaga; España Fil: Berchez, Flavio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; Argentina Fil: Hall Spencer, Jason M.. University of Plymouth. Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre; Reino Unido Fil: Soto, Luis A.. Universidad Nacional Aut onoma de M exico. Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnolog ıa ; México Fil: Silveira Buckeridge, Marcos . Universidade de São Paulo. Departamento de Botânica. Instituto de Biociências; Brasil Fil: Menezes Széchy, Maria Tereza. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Departamento de Botânica. Centro de Ciências da Saude; Brasil Fil: Ghilardi Lopes, Natalia Pirani. Universidade Federal do ABC. Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas; Brasil Fil: Horta, Paulo. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Departamento de Botânica. Centro de Ciências Biol ogicas; Brasil Fil: Coutinho, Ricardo . Instituto de Estudos do Mar "Almirante Paulo Moreira"; Brasil Fil: Fraschetti, Simonetta . Università del Salento; Italia Fil: De Andrade Nery Leão, Zelinda Margarida . Universidade Federal da Bahia. Departamento de Sedimentologia. Instituto de Geociências; Brasil