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Introduction: There is limited evidence that the psychological characteristics of athletes with disabilities are identical to those of non-disabled athletes, owing to differences in ecological traits, and there is insufficient information on how athletes with disabilities perceive disabled athletes' perception of errors, challenges, and deliberate practice. Therefore, it is necessary to examine whether the causal model of the perception of errors, challenge, and deliberate practice will be reproduced in the same way as in non-disabled athletes. Therefore, this study aimed to verify a causal model of the perception of errors, challenges, and deliberate practice by athletes with disabilities. Methods: The participants were 189 athletes with physical and hearing impairments (131 men and 58 women) registered with the 2023 Korea Paralympic Committee. Data were collected through a survey and the participants responded using a self-report method. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to verify normality, correlation analysis to examine relationships between variables, and structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the hypotheses. Results: Based on SEM analysis, the results of this study showed that the causal relationships between the perception of errors, challenges, and deliberate practice were partially significant. Specifically, perception of errors and reflection positively predicted challenges, whereas burden of mistakes negatively predicted challenges. Additionally, challenges were found to have a positive effect on deliberate practice. Discussion: By comprehensively examining the above, it can be interpreted as a major factor that can promote and reduce challenges depending on how athletes with disabilities perceive their mistakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The Republic of Korea is progressively becoming a super-aged society, emphasizing the need for regular physical activity among older adults because it has physical, psychological, and social benefits. Recently, increasing depression and suicide rates have been reported among older adults living alone. However, research that considers older adults' living situations is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between health-promoting behaviors (HPB), physical self-efficacy (PSE), exercise adherence, and sports commitment among older adults aged ≥ 65 years who participated in sports activities and investigate the influence of their living situation. Methods: The participants were 452 individuals aged ≥ 65 who lived in the metropolitan areas of Chungcheong-do, Jeolla-do, and Gwangju Provinces, Republic of Korea, and who regularly participated in sports activities (men = 283, women = 169). This study was conducted from January to May 2024. Data were collected using a structured and validated questionnaire, and the collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, structural equation modeling, and multi-group analysis. Results: Structural equation modeling showed that the research model was appropriate, and all five paths showed statistical significance. The identity of the model was verified in the multi-group analysis, but path coefficients differed between older adults living alone and those living with family members. HPB significantly affected PSE, exercise adherence, and sports commitment among both groups of older adults. However, the impact of PSE on exercise adherence and sports commitment was not statistically significant among older adults living alone. Conclusions: The results highlight the need to consider older adults' living situations when establishing regular physical activity. Efforts should also be made to promote regular exercise participation among older adults living alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The population of older adults is increasing more rapidly in Korea than in any other country, making successful aging a salient need in Korean society. For successful aging, older adults must engage in sports activities regularly. This study determined the relationships among health beliefs, exercise adherence intention, health promotion behavior, and successful aging among older adults who engage in sports activities regularly. The participants were 287 adults aged 65 years or older who live in Korea and exercise regularly. Data were collected through a survey and analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling. The integrated model lacked explanatory power in terms of goodness of fit, but the alternative model had sufficient explanatory power. The alternative model showed that health beliefs, exercise adherence intention, and health promotion behavior are significantly related and that health promotion behavior positively predicts successful aging. It also showed that health beliefs affect successful aging through the mediation of exercise adherence intention and health promotion behavior. This study is meaningful because it verifies the structural and theoretical relationships among health beliefs, exercise adherence intention, health promotion behavior, and successful aging. As a result, it provides information that can improve the welfare of older adults in Korean society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]