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Weight-centric health practices are based on the principle that excess weight predicts chronic disease, informing a growing sociopolitical movement to address an "obesity epidemic." This hyper-focus on preventing obesity may contribute to weight stigma (i.e., the devaluation and discrimination of individuals based on body size) and other iatrogenic outcomes for youth, including the development and maintenance of eating disorders (EDs). Current evidence-based treatments for EDs include language and practices that may reinforce fears of fatness, body shame, and unhealthy dietary restriction without guidance on addressing weight stigma. Here, we present case examples from three adolescent patients across ED presentations and body sizes to (1) elucidate the role of weight stigma in ED development, (2) highlight the ubiquity and harms of weight stigma within ED treatments, and (3) outline thoughtful protocol adaptations to avoid further harm and facilitate recovery. We conclude with a call for immediate action to advance research characterizing the harms of weight-centric approaches in existing ED interventions to reduce the risk of iatrogenic effects on youth with EDs and advance weight-inclusive approaches to ED treatment.

Purpose: To study the morphological and histological characteristics of the fibrous capsule formed around a novel biodegradable glaucoma drainage device (GDD) implant made of oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC) after 1 and 3 months of its implantation. Methods: It was a prospective, interventional, preclinical experimental study using New Zealand white rabbits. All animals underwent GDD implantation with a novel biodegradable device. The device’s body was made of ORC and attached to a silicone tube, connecting the body to the anterior chamber. Histopathology (hematoxylin and eosin/Masson’s trichrome staining) and immunohistochemistry (Alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin expression) characteristics of the bleb formed around the novel device were noted at 1 and 3 months. Results: One month post implantation, the biodegradable material produced a significant foreign body type of reaction evidenced by the exuberant infiltration by macrophages, lymphocytes, and multinucleated giant cells. The granulomatous response subsided by 3 months with disorganized collagen deposition on Masson’s trichrome staining. The silicone tube was an internal control, and histopathology demonstrated well-organized collagen deposition around it at 3 months. Immunohistochemistry for α-smooth muscle actin also demonstrated more myofibroblast transformation at the site of the tube than the biodegradable implant. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the tissue response around a biodegradable GDD was different from the response to conventional devices. A diffuse, loose vascularized mesh was observed to develop, which may be more compatible with sustained IOP control over a longer period, in contrast to the usual thick and dense capsule formed around the non-biodegradable devices.

Abstract Background Despite widespread use of higher levels of care in treating eating disorders in adolescents, research supporting the use of these treatments remains limited by small sample sizes and a predominant focus on anorexia nervosa. Further, existing data regarding predictors of outcome have yielded mixed findings. In the current study, we evaluated treatment outcomes and predictors of outcome among a large sample of adolescents with eating disorders presenting to inpatient, residential, partial hospitalization programs, and intensive outpatient programs across the United States. Methods Adolescents (N = 1,971) completed self-report measures of eating disorder symptoms, depression, and anxiety at treatment admission, stepdown, and discharge. Using linear mixed effect models, we evaluated changes in symptoms over treatment separately among youth admitted to inpatient/residential treatment and those admitted to partial hospitalization/intensive outpatient programs, and used established metrics to gauge frequency of reliable (i.e., statistically reliable) and clinically significant change. Results Results suggested decreases in eating disorder symptoms, depression, and anxiety from intake to discharge. Around 50% of the sample reported reliable decreases in eating disorder symptoms at stepdown and discharge, with 30% of the sample reporting reliable reductions in depression and anxiety. Psychiatric comorbidity, primary diagnosis, age, and eating disorder symptoms at admission consistently predicted treatment-related change, although patterns in findings varied across symptoms. Conclusions Data from our sample are consistent with past work suggesting that adolescents enrolled in higher levels of care report clinical benefit; however, these effects are heterogenous, and a significant portion of individuals may not report reliable change in symptoms. Ultimately, ongoing work is required to better understand how and for whom higher levels of care may achieve their benefit and to identify the optimal approach for improving outcomes for adolescents with eating disorders.

Only a limited aluminium material palette is currently available for L-PBF processing, especially for high strength aluminium alloy. Unmodified Al7075 suffers from hot cracking making it nearly impossible to process by L-PBF. Adding some grain refiner to Al7075 solves this issue of hot cracking. However, this alloy still presents difficulties to be processed with densities above 99.5%. In this study, the unconventional pre-sintering scanning strategy is applied to process 99.9% density Al7075+1.8%Zr. For this scanning strategy, each layer is scanned twice with different power, i.e. it is first scanned with half the power selected for the second scan. This specific strategy remelts potential defect generated by the first scan and reduces lack of fusion pores. These two phenomena lead to high density L-PBF Al7075+1.8%Zr and pave the way to higher densities for high strength aluminium alloys.

Objectives: Our evaluation of the pilot study- “Ballet after breast cancer”, demonstrated that a classical ballet program delivered online and/or face-to-face is feasible and acceptable, with promise for improving health and wellbeing following breast cancer. The present study aimed to explore participant experiences of the 16-week ballet intervention, and their perceptions of the future potential of ballet in the context of breast cancer. Design: Qualitative analysis of focus group discussions. Methods: Intervention participants were invited to take part in online focus groups to discuss: Perceived changes resulting from ballet participation, content of the ballet classes, delivery of the ballet program, suitability of ballet for future implementation during/after active cancer treatment. Themes were generated using an inductive approach, and feedback/recommendations for future implementation of “Ballet after breast cancer” were summarised. Results: Seventeen women previously treated for breast cancer (54.4 ​± ​11.9 years; 54.2 ​± ​43.5 months post-diagnosis) took part in one of three focus groups. Themes generated through discussion included: Embracing normal; Connection to others; Acceptance without judgement; Engagement; Learning and progress. Participants described perceived improvements in physical, psychosocial, and cognitive wellbeing, and identified some limitations of online attendance compared to face-to-face. The personal attributes and experience of the ballet instructor were identifed as key determinants of program engagement and enjoyment. Participants reported a preference for classes specifically for people with lived experience of breast cancer. Recommendations to improve future ballet programs during/after breast cancer treatment included: Hybrid delivery model; Opportunities to socialise with classmates; Access to additional learning resources. Conclusions: Participants offered novel and valuable insight into their experiences of the “Ballet after breast cancer” program, providing guidance for future delivery of ballet across the cancer continuum.