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32 results on '"Simchon Faigler"'

1. Different Planetary Eccentricity-period (PEP) Distributions of Small and Giant Planets

Author: Dolev Bashi, Tsevi Mazeh, and Simchon Faigler
Subjects: Exoplanets, Exoplanet dynamics, Exoplanet tides, Exoplanet evolution, Astrostatistics techniques, Astronomy, QB1-991
Abstract: We used the database of 1040 short-period (1 ≤ P < 200 days) exoplanets radial-velocity orbits to study the planetary eccentricity-period (PEP) distribution. We first divided the sample into low- and high-mass exoplanet subsamples based on the distribution of the (minimum) planetary masses, which displays a clear two-Gaussian distribution, separated at 0.165 M _J . We then selected 216 orbits, low- and high-mass alike, with eccentricities significantly distinct from circular orbits. The 131 giant-planet eccentric orbits display a clear upper envelope, which we model quantitatively, rises monotonically from zero eccentricity and reaches an eccentricity of 0.8 at P ∼ 100 days. Conversely, the 85 low-mass planetary orbits display a flat eccentricity distribution between 0.1 and 0.5, with almost no dependence on the orbital period. We show that the striking difference between the two PEP distributions is not a result of the detection technique used. The upper envelope of the high-mass planets, also seen in short-period binary stars, is a clear signature of tidal circularization, which probably took place inside the planets, while the small-planet PEP distribution suggests that the circularization was not effective, probably due to dynamical interactions with neighboring planets.
Published: 2024
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2. 15 000 ellipsoidal binary candidates in TESS: Orbital periods, binary fraction, and tertiary companions

Author: Matthew J Green, Dan Maoz, Tsevi Mazeh, Simchon Faigler, Sahar Shahaf, Roy Gomel, Kareem El-Badry, and Hans-Walter Rix
Subjects: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: We present a homogeneously-selected sample of 15779 candidate binary systems with main sequence primary stars and orbital periods shorter than 5 days. The targets were selected from TESS full-frame image lightcurves on the basis of their tidally-induced ellipsoidal modulation. Spectroscopic follow-up suggests a sample purity of $83 \pm 13$ per cent. Injection-recovery tests allow us to estimate our overall completeness as $28 \pm 3$ per cent with $P_\mathrm{orb} < 3$ days and to quantify our selection effects. We estimate that $39 \pm 4$ per cent of our sample are contact binary systems, and we disentangle the period distributions of the contact and detached binaries. We derive the orbital period distribution of the main sequence binary population at short orbital periods, finding a distribution continuous with the log-normal distribution previously found for solar-type stars at longer periods, but with a significant steepening at $P_\mathrm{orb} \lesssim 3$ days, and a pile-up of contact binaries at $P_\mathrm{orb} \approx 0.4$ days. Companions in the period range 1--5 days are found to be an order of magnitude more frequent around stars hotter than $\approx 6250 K$ (the Kraft break) when compared to cooler stars, suggesting that magnetic braking plays an important role in shaping the temperature and period distributions. We detect resolved tertiary companions to $9.0 \pm 0.2$ per cent of our binaries with a median separation of 3200 AU. The frequency of tertiary companions rises to $29 \pm 5$ per cent among the systems with the shortest ellipsoidal periods. This large binary sample with quantified selection effects will be a powerful resource for future studies of detached and contact binary systems with $P_\mathrm{orb} < 5$ days., 30 pages, 24 figures, accepted to MNRAS (updated to peer-reviewed version)
Published: 2023
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3. A red giant orbiting a black hole

Author: Kareem El-Badry, Hans-Walter Rix, Yvette Cendes, Antonio C Rodriguez, Charlie Conroy, Eliot Quataert, Keith Hawkins, Eleonora Zari, Melissa Hobson, Katelyn Breivik, Arne Rau, Edo Berger, Sahar Shahaf, Rhys Seeburger, Kevin B Burdge, David W Latham, Lars A Buchhave, Allyson Bieryla, Dolev Bashi, Tsevi Mazeh, and Simchon Faigler
Subjects: spectroscopic [Binaries], Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), blackholes [Stars], FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
Abstract: We report spectroscopic and photometric follow-up of a dormant black hole (BH) candidate from Gaia DR3. The system, which we call Gaia BH2, contains a $\sim 1M_{\odot}$ red giant and a dark companion with mass $M_2 = 8.9\pm 0.3\,M_{\odot}$ that is very likely a BH. The orbital period, $P_{\rm orb} = 1277$ days, is much longer than that of any previously studied BH binary. Our radial velocity (RV) follow-up over a 7-month period spans more than 90% of the orbit's dynamic range in RV and is in excellent agreement with predictions of the Gaia solution. UV imaging and high-resolution optical spectra rule out all plausible luminous companions that could explain the orbit. The star is a bright ($G=12.3$), slightly metal-poor ($\rm [Fe/H]=-0.22$) low-luminosity giant ($T_{\rm eff}=4600\,\rm K$; $R = 7.8\,R_{\odot}$; $\log\left[g/\left({\rm cm\,s^{-2}}\right)\right] = 2.6$). The binary's orbit is moderately eccentric ($e=0.52$). The giant is strongly enhanced in $\alpha-$elements, with $\rm [\alpha/Fe] = +0.26$, but the system's Galactocentric orbit is typical of the thin disk. We obtained X-ray and radio nondetections of the source near periastron, which support BH accretion models in which the net accretion rate at the horizon is much lower than the Bondi-Hoyle-Lyttleton rate. At a distance of 1.16 kpc, Gaia BH2 is the second-nearest known BH, after Gaia BH1. Its orbit -- like that of Gaia BH1 -- seems too wide to have formed through common envelope evolution. Gaia BH1 and BH2 have orbital periods at opposite edges of the Gaia DR3 sensitivity curve, perhaps hinting at a bimodal intrinsic period distribution for wide BH binaries. Dormant BH binaries like Gaia BH1 and Gaia BH2 likely significantly outnumber their close, X-ray bright cousins, but their formation pathways remain uncertain., Comment: Accepted to MNRAS
Published: 2023
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4. SB 796: a high-velocity RRc star

Author: Roy Gomel, Sahar Shahaf, Tsevi Mazeh, Simchon Faigler, Lisa A Crause, Ramotholo Sefako, Damien Segransan, Pierre F L Maxted, and Igor Soszyński
Published: 2018
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5. Features of Gaia DR3 Spectroscopic Binaries I. Tidal circularization of Main-Sequence Stars

Author: Dolev Bashi, Tsevi Mazeh, and Simchon Faigler
Subjects: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: Previous studies pointed out that many observed samples of short-period binaries display a cutoff period, $P_{\rm cut}$, such that almost all binaries with periods shorter than $P_{\rm cut}$ have circular orbits. This feature is probably due to long-term circularization processes induced by tidal interaction between the two stars of each binary. It seemed as if coeval main-sequence (MS) samples of open clusters display $P_{\rm cut}$ that depends on the sample age. Using the unprecedentedly large sample of MS spectroscopic orbits recently released by $\textit{Gaia}$ we have found that the $P_{\rm cut}$ does not depend on the stellar age but, instead, varies with stellar temperature, decreasing linearly from $6.5$ day at $T_{\rm eff}\sim 5700$ K to $\sim 2.5$ day at $6800$ K. $P_{\rm cut}$ was derived by a new algorithm that relied on clear upper envelopes displayed in the period-eccentricity diagrams. Our $P_{\rm cut}$ determines both the border between the circular and eccentric binaries and the location of the upper envelope. The results are inconsistent with the theory which assumes circularization occurs during the stellar MS phase, a theory that was adopted by many studies. The circularization has probably taken place at the pre-main-sequence phase, as suggested already in 1989 by Zahn and Bouchet, and later by Khaluillin and Khaluillina in 2011. Our results suggest that the weak dependence of $P_{\rm cut}$ on the cluster age is not significant, and/or might be due to the different temperatures of the samples. If indeed true, this has far-reaching implications for the theory of binary and exoplanet circularization, synchronization, and alignment., 13 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Published: 2023

6. Gaia Early Data Release 3 The Gaia Catalogue of Nearby Stars

Author: Zoltan Balog, G. Tauran, Vincenzo Ripepi, Gerry Gilmore, M. Barros, Łukasz Wyrzykowski, Alberto Cellino, E. Poggio, P. Gavras, Simchon Faigler, Marc Audard, C. Nicolas, M. Vaillant, A. Mora, Paolo Tanga, Silvio Leccia, Despina Hatzidimitriou, A. Dapergolas, Eva Sciacca, Alberto Krone-Martins, N. Cheek, M. Hauser, Ulrike Heiter, S. Managau, L. Rohrbasser, Mathias Schultheis, E. Utrilla, Minia Manteiga, Marcella Marconi, Xavier Luri, F. De Angeli, Shay Zucker, Paolo Giacobbe, J. Juaristi Campillo, H. I. Siddiqui, J. Torra, F. X. Pineau, Roy Gomel, Thierry Morel, T. Cornez, Eric Gosset, Mario Gai, Jose M Hernandez, G. Giuffrida, A. de Torres, Laszlo Szabados, S. Ragaini, E. van Dillen, D. Semeux, Leanne P. Guy, R. Drimmel, L. M. Sarro, S. Voutsinas, Johannes Sahlmann, Damien Ségransan, S. Liao, Derek W. Morris, Jan Rybizki, André Moitinho, T. Roegiers, Bengt Edvardsson, Tristan Cantat-Gaudin, Martin Altmann, C. Turon, Laurent Chemin, K. Janßen, D. Garabato, Alejandra Recio-Blanco, Michał Pawlak, Lorenzo Rimoldini, Sergei A. Klioner, F. Torra, Carine Babusiaux, Alfred Castro-Ginard, G. Plum, Mariateresa Crosta, Iain A. Steele, A. Yoldas, Alex Lobel, J.-L. Bassilana, Harry Enke, Rosanna Sordo, Francesca Fragkoudi, F. De Luise, M. Bernet, Alessandro Sozzetti, M. Kontizas, Roberto Molinaro, C. Diener, S. Regibo, D. Barbato, T. Pauwels, R. E. de Souza, C. Fabricius, D. Souami, L. Martin Polo, M. Ramos-Lerate, Douglas J. Marshall, A. G. Butkevich, P. Madrero Pardo, P. Re Fiorentin, J. F. Le Campion, Jérôme Berthier, N. Tonello, Ummi Abbas, Y. Lebreton, M. Biermann, D. Munoz, N. Brouillet, David Teyssier, O. Vanel, P. A. Palicio, A. Jean-Antoine Piccolo, A. F. Lanza, Jesus Salgado, E. del Pozo, Antti Penttilä, R. Geyer, Ramachrisna Teixeira, L. Chaoul, Mike Smith, Rossella Cancelliere, J. M. Martín-Fleitas, D. Baines, M. Romero-Gómez, E. Anglada Varela, E. Livanou, X. Peñalosa Esteller, S. Diakite, Alberto Vecchiato, Thomas Wevers, Daniel Hestroffer, Sebastian L. Hidalgo, M. David, Angela Bragaglia, J. De Ridder, Mark Taylor, Roberto Morbidelli, A. Sagristà Sellés, Nigel Hambly, Arnaud Siebert, R. L. Smart, P. Burgess, Y. Le Fustec, Alessandro Bressan, H. Steidelmüller, Alberto Riva, H. E. Huckle, Morgan Fouesneau, N. Bauchet, P. Osborne, S. Marinoni, Krzysztof A. Rybicki, A. Masip, Laia Casamiquela, R. Messineo, A. Garofalo, Antonella Vallenari, R. Mor, Sahar Shahaf, P. de Laverny, G. Sadowski, Peter G. Jonker, A. Kochoska, F. Taris, A. F. Mulone, M. Ajaj, C. Ducourant, T. A. Lister, F. A. Jansen, Ruth Carballo, J. M. Carrasco, Tatiana Muraveva, W. van Reeven, P. Sartoretti, Jordi Portell, Andreas Korn, E. Salguero, Ana Ulla, P. Di Matteo, Coryn A. L. Bailer-Jones, J. Bakker, F. Riclet, G. Altavilla, Ulrich Bastian, P. Esquej, R. Buzzi, M. Segol, A. C. Lanzafame, L. Balaguer-Núñez, Beatrice Bucciarelli, C. Panem, E. Balbinot, T. Carlucci, Davide Massari, P. de Teodoro, Sébastien Lambert, M. I. Carnerero, Amina Helmi, F. Solitro, C. Robin, Carlos Dafonte, Tsevi Mazeh, A. Panahi, C. Fabre, Sergi Blanco-Cuaresma, Deborah Busonero, Maroussia Roelens, O. Marchal, Tomaz Zwitter, B. Holl, G. Holland, William Thuillot, Michael Davidson, E. Licata, Michele Bellazzini, Teresa Antoja, E. Szegedi-Elek, Francesca Figueras, Eric Slezak, Sergio Messina, N. Samaras, E. Poujoulet, Mark Cropper, A. Burlacu, R. Blomme, Elmé Breedt, Annie C. Robin, H. E. Delgado, Z. Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Georges Kordopatis, Conny Aerts, L. Noval, Daniel Michalik, P. J. Richards, L. Karbevska, Grigori Fedorets, Maria Süveges, F. Crifo, J. Guiraud, D. Eappachen, K. Kruszyńska, Gisella Clementini, P. Yvard, Carme Jordi, L. Bramante, G. Busso, P. David, E. Fraile, Ugo Becciani, A. Lorca, Sanjeev Khanna, Alex Bombrun, Isabella Pagano, C. Dolding, A. M. Piersimoni, Paolo Montegriffo, A. Abreu Aramburu, Anthony G. A. Brown, Simon Hodgkin, Ennio Poretti, M. Fabrizio, I. Gonzalez-Santamaria, N. A. Walton, P. Panuzzo, Benoit Carry, Raphael Guerra, J. J. González-Vidal, T. Lebzelter, Nami Mowlavi, C. Barache, M. M. S. Marcos Santos, S. Cowell, Marco Castellani, J. J. Aguado, N. R. Millar, A. Baudesson-Stella, N. Leclerc, S. Bartolomé, J. Álvarez Cid-Fuentes, F. van Leeuwen, S. Bouquillon, Uwe Lammers, D. W. Evans, L. Eyer, M. van Leeuwen, A. Guerrier, J. González-Núñez, H. E. P. Lindstrøm, Miguel García-Torres, Ilaria Musella, L. Palaversa, W. Roux, W. Löffler, J.-B. Delisle, Dimitri Pourbaix, Timo Prusti, J. Osinde, M. Riello, G. Orrù, C. Crowley, Alessandra Mastrobuono-Battisti, Hector Canovas, D. L. Harrison, Y. Lasne, E. F. del Peloso, Laurent Galluccio, N. Hładczuk, T. Boch, Martin A. Barstow, László Molnár, Aldo Dell'Oro, C. Pagani, Krzysztof Nienartowicz, Stefano Bertone, Patrick Charlot, Eduard Masana, Elisabetta Caffau, N. Robichon, Luciana Bianchi, Federica Spoto, Felix Franke, J. L. Halbwachs, R. Gutiérrez-Sánchez, L. Pulone, Yassine Damerdji, Frédéric Arenou, Richard I. Anderson, Elena Pancino, David Hobbs, P. Castro Sampol, Yves Fremat, Pierre Kervella, C. Zurbach, Sofia Randich, Robert G. Mann, J. C. Segovia, Diego Bossini, D. Katz, Nicholas Rowell, P. Ramos, E. Racero, G. Gracia-Abril, R. Santoveña, R. Haigron, N. Unger, Enrique Solano, S. G. Baker, W. J. Cooper, F. Royer, S. Accart, George M. Seabroke, João Alves, Emese Plachy, Thomas Hilger, Pedro García-Lario, Gérard Jasniewicz, Kevin Benson, Christos Siopis, J. Souchay, Agnes Fienga, Giovanni Comoretto, F. Julbe, A. Hutton, Pierre Fernique, Céline Reylé, F. Pailler, Stefan Jordan, J. H. J. de Bruijne, C. A. Stephenson, E. Gerlach, Elisa Distefano, Karri Muinonen, Y. Viala, H. Zhao, L. Siltala, C. P. Murphy, Maria-Rosa L. Cioni, Andrea Chiavassa, D. Molina, J. Fernández-Hernández, G. Jevardat de Fombelle, Federico Marocco, Nicoletta Sanna, Alexey Mints, Juan Zorec, Ángel Gómez, I. Bellas-Velidis, M. G. Lattanzi, C. M. Raiteri, E. Brugaletta, Mikael Granvik, O. L. Creevey, Guy Rixon, Francois Mignard, P. M. Marrese, M. A. Álvarez, Caroline Soubiran, Rene Andrae, C. Ordénovic, A. Delgado, V. Sanchez Gimenez, J. Castañeda, D. Vicente, R. De March, A. Garcia-Gutierrez, M. Weiler, F. Thévenin, Lennart Lindegren, Isabelle Lecoeur-Taïbi, Jon Marchant, Monica Rainer, Alessandro Spagna, Andrej Prsa, M. Sarasso, Nicolas Rambaux, Paul J. McMillan, Ludovic Delchambre, M. Garcia-Reinaldos, M. Haywood, C. Fouron, S. Girona, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Universidad de Barcelona, Xunta de Galicia, Generalitat de Catalunya, INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (OATo), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astronomische Rechen-Institut [Heidelberg] (ARI), Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg (ZAH), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg]-Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Systèmes de Référence Temps Espace (SYRTE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides (IMCCE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Lille-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg (ObAS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Mésocentre de calcul (MESOCENTRE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Centre de Données Astronomiques de Strasbourg, Partenaires INRAE, Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), THALES, Université de Namur [Namur] (UNamur), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University-Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), THALES [France], Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de Cantabria, Gaia Collaboration, Planetary-system research, Department of Physics, Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Astronomy, and ITA
Subjects: trigonometric parallaxes, Solar neighborhood, Stars: luminosity function, mass function, Astronomy, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, luminosity function, mass function [Stars], Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi, luminosity: mass function [Stars], Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology, MAIN-SEQUENCE, Hertzsprung-Russell-diagram, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Stars:low-mass brown-dwarfs, wide binaries, Physics, education.field_of_study, north galactic pole, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrometry, BROWN DWARF, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, mass function, NORTH GALACTIC POLE, Physical Sciences, symbols, CIRCULAR-VELOCITY CURVE, Halo, astro-ph.SR, Hertzsprung–Russell diagram, stars: luminosity function, astro-ph.GA, Posterior probability, Population, main-sequence, Luminosity-Function, FOS: Physical sciences, Mass-Function, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Computer Science::Digital Libraries, Photometry (optics), DWARF LUMINOSITY-FUNCTION, dwarf luminosity-function, sky-survey, symbols.namesake, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, luminosity function [stars], low-mass [Stars], 0103 physical sciences, Stars: luminosity: mass function, Stars: low-mass, WHITE-DWARFS, education, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), brown dwarf, catalogs, astrometry, Hertzsprung-Russell and C-M diagrams, stars: low-mass, solar neighborhood, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, SKY-SURVEY, white-dwarfs, Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Luminosity function, White dwarf, TRIGONOMETRIC PARALLAXES, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Low-mass, 115 Astronomy, Space science, WIDE BINARIES, Stars, Physics::History of Physics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), solar-neighborhood, Catalogs, circular-velocity curve, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: Aims. We produce a clean and well-characterised catalogue of objects within 100 pc of the Sun from the Gaia Early Data Release 3. We characterise the catalogue through comparisons to the full data release, external catalogues, and simulations. We carry out a first analysis of the science that is possible with this sample to demonstrate its potential and best practices for its use., Methods. Theselection of objects within 100 pc from the full catalogue used selected training sets, machine-learning procedures, astrometric quantities, and solution quality indicators to determine a probability that the astrometric solution is reliable. The training set construction exploited the astrometric data, quality flags, and external photometry. For all candidates we calculated distance posterior probability densities using Bayesian procedures and mock catalogues to define priors. Any object with reliable astrometry and a non-zero probability of being within 100 pc is included in the catalogue., Results. We have produced a catalogue of 331 312 objects that we estimate contains at least 92% of stars of stellar type M9 within 100 pc of the Sun. We estimate that 9% of the stars in this catalogue probably lie outside 100 pc, but when the distance probability function is used, a correct treatment of this contamination is possible. We produced luminosity functions with a high signal-to-noise ratio for the main-sequence stars, giants, and white dwarfs. We examined in detail the Hyades cluster, the white dwarf population, and wide-binary systems and produced candidate lists for all three samples. We detected local manifestations of several streams, superclusters, and halo objects, in which we identified 12 members of Gaia Enceladus. We present the first direct parallaxes of five objects in multiple systems within 10 pc of the Sun., Conclusions. We provide the community with a large, well-characterised catalogue of objects in the solar neighbourhood. This is a primary benchmark for measuring and understanding fundamental parameters and descriptive functions in astronomy.
Published: 2021
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7. Search for dormant black holes in ellipsoidal variables I. Revisiting the expected amplitudes of the photometric modulation

Author: Simchon Faigler, Roy Gomel, and Tsevi Mazeh
Subjects: Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Minimum mass, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Radius, Mass ratio, Light curve, Amplitude, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Discrete Fourier series, Harmonics, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Roche lobe, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
Abstract: Ellipsoidal variables present light-curve modulations caused by stellar distortion, induced by tidal interaction with their companions. An analytical approximated model of the ellipsoidal modulation is given as a discrete Fourier series by Morris and Naftilan 1993 (MN93). Based on numerical simulations using the PHOEBE code we present here updated amplitudes of the first three harmonics of the model. The expected amplitudes are given as a function of the mass ratio and inclination of the binary system and the fillout factor of the primary---the ratio between the stellar radius and that of its Roche lobe. The corrections can get up to 30% relative to the MN93 model for fillout factors close to unity. The updated model can be instrumental in searching for short-period binaries with compact-object secondaries in large data sets of photometric light curves. As shown in one OGLE light-curve example, the minimum mass ratio can be obtained by using only the amplitudes of the three harmonics and an estimation of the stellar temperature. High enough amplitudes can help to identify binaries with mass ratios larger than unity, some of which might have compact companions., Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2020
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8. Uncovering astrometric black hole binaries with massive main-sequence companions with Gaia

Author: Pablo Marchant, Simchon Faigler, Sahar Shahaf, Norbert Langer, Soetkin Janssens, Tsevi Mazeh, Hugues Sana, C. Schürmann, and Tomer Shenar
Subjects: Population, FOS: Physical sciences, Binary number, Astrophysics, Parameter space, Compact star, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Star catalogue, general [binaries], black holes [stars], education, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), DR2, Physics, Sequence, education.field_of_study, Science & Technology, Astronomy and Astrophysics, STELLAR PARAMETERS, EVOLUTION, Black hole, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Physical Sciences, astrometry, Data release, STARS, statistics [stars]
Abstract: The hunt for compact objects is on. Rarely seen massive binaries with a compact object are a crucial phase in the evolution towards compact object mergers. In Gaia data release 3 (DR3), the first Gaia astrometric orbital solutions for binary sources will become available. We investigate how many black holes (BH) with massive main-sequence dwarf companions (OB+BH binaries) are expected to be detected as binaries in DR3 and at the end of the nominal 5-yr mission (DR4). We estimate the fraction of identifiable OB+BH binaries and discuss the distributions of the masses of both components and the orbital periods. We study the impact of different BH-formation scenarios. Using tailored models for the massive star population, which assume a direct collapse and no kick upon BH formation (the fiducial case), we estimate the fraction of OB+BH systems that Gaia will detect as binaries. A distance distribution according to that of the second Alma Luminous Star catalogue (ALSII) is assumed. We investigate how many of the systems detected as binaries are identifiable as OB+BH binaries, using a method based on astrometric data. In the fiducial case we conservatively estimate that 77% of the OB+BH binaries in ALSII will be detected as binaries in DR3, of which 89% are identifiable as OB+BH binaries. This leads to a total of around 190 OB+BH binaries, a 20-fold increase in the known sample of OB+BH binaries, covering an uncharted parameter space of long-period binaries. The size and properties of the identifiable OB+BH population will contain crucial observational constraints to improve our understanding of BH formation. In DR4, the detected fraction will increase to 85%, of which 82% will be identifiable. Hence, an additional ~5 systems could be identified, which are expected to have either very short or long periods. The fractions become smaller for different BH-formation scenarios. (truncated), Comment: 22 pages, 18 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in A&A
Published: 2022

9. Probable dormant neutron star in a short-period binary system

Author: Tsevi Mazeh, Simchon Faigler, Dolev Bashi, Sahar Shahaf, Niv Davidson, Matthew Green, Roy Gomel, Dan Maoz, Amitay Sussholz, Subo Dong, Haotong Zhang, Jifeng Liu, Song Wang, Ali Luo, Zheng Zheng, Na’ama Hallakoun, Volker Perdelwitz, David W Latham, Ignasi Ribas, David Baroch, Juan Carlos Morales, Evangelos Nagel, Nuno C Santos, David R Ciardi, Jessie L Christiansen, Michael B Lund, Joshua N Winn, United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation, German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development, National Key Research and Development Program (China), European Research Council, European Commission, and National Natural Science Foundation of China
Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Binaries: spectroscopic, Stars: neutron, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Binaries: close, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: T. Mazeh et al., We have identified 2XMM J125556.57+565846.4, at a distance of 600 pc, as a binary system consisting of a normal star and a probable dormant neutron star. Optical spectra exhibit a slightly evolved F-type single star, displaying periodic Doppler shifts with a 2.76-d Keplerian circular orbit, with no indication of light from a secondary component. Optical and UV photometry reveal ellipsoidal modulation with half the orbital period, due to the tidal deformation of the F-star. The mass of the unseen companion is constrained to the range of 1.1–2.1M⊙ at 3σ confidence, with the median of the mass distribution at 1.4M⊙ ⁠, the typical mass of known neutron stars. A main-sequence star cannot masquerade as the dark companion. The distribution of possible companion masses still allows for the possibility of a very massive white dwarf. The companion itself could also be a close pair consisting of a white dwarf and an M star, or two white dwarfs, although the binary evolution that would lead to such a close triple system is unlikely. Similar ambiguities regarding the certain identification of a dormant neutron star are bound to affect most future discoveries of this type of non-interacting system. If the system indeed contains a dormant neutron star, it will become, in the future, a bright X-ray source and afterwards might even host a millisecond pulsar., This research was supported by Grant No. 2016069 of the United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF) to TM, Grant No. I-1498-303.7/2019 of the German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development (,GIF) to TM, and DM, a grant from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s FP7 Programme, Grant No. 833031 to DM, the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2019YFA0405100), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12133005) and the XPLORER PRIZE to SD. The research of NH and SS is supported by a Benoziyo prize postdoctoral fellowship.
Published: 2022

10. A Sun-like star orbiting a black hole

Author: Kareem El-Badry, Hans-Walter Rix, Eliot Quataert, Andrew W Howard, Howard Isaacson, Jim Fuller, Keith Hawkins, Katelyn Breivik, Kaze W K Wong, Antonio C Rodriguez, Charlie Conroy, Sahar Shahaf, Tsevi Mazeh, Frédéric Arenou, Kevin B Burdge, Dolev Bashi, Simchon Faigler, Daniel R Weisz, Rhys Seeburger, Silvia Almada Monter, and Jennifer Wojno
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
Abstract: We report discovery of a bright, nearby ($G = 13.8;\,\,d = 480\,\rm pc$) Sun-like star orbiting a dark object. We identified the system as a black hole candidate via its astrometric orbital solution from the Gaia mission. Radial velocities validated and refined the Gaia solution, and spectroscopy ruled out significant light contributions from another star. Joint modeling of radial velocities and astrometry constrains the companion mass to $M_2 = 9.62\pm 0.18\,M_{\odot}$. The spectroscopic orbit alone sets a minimum companion mass of $M_2>5\,M_{\odot}$; if the companion were a $5\,M_{\odot}$ star, it would be $500$ times more luminous than the entire system. These constraints are insensitive to the mass of the luminous star, which appears as a slowly-rotating G dwarf ($T_{\rm eff}=5850\,\rm K$, $\log g = 4.5$, $M=0.93\,M_{\odot}$), with near-solar metallicity ($\rm [Fe/H] = -0.2$) and an unremarkable abundance pattern. We find no plausible astrophysical scenario that can explain the orbit and does not involve a black hole. The orbital period, $P_{\rm orb}=185.6$ days, is longer than that of any known stellar-mass black hole binary. The system's modest eccentricity ($e=0.45$), high metallicity, and thin-disk Galactic orbit suggest that it was born in the Milky Way disk with at most a weak natal kick. How the system formed is uncertain. Common envelope evolution can only produce the system's wide orbit under extreme and likely unphysical assumptions. Formation models involving triples or dynamical assembly in an open cluster may be more promising. This is the nearest known black hole by a factor of 3, and its discovery suggests the existence of a sizable population of dormant black holes in binaries. Future Gaia releases will likely facilitate the discovery of dozens more., 30 pages, 15 figures, 1-2 black holes. Accepted to MNRAS
Published: 2022
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11. fBLS — a fast folding algorithm to produce BLS periodograms in search for transiting planets

Author: Shahaf, Sahar, Zackay, Barak, Guterman, Pascal, Tsevi Mazeh, Zucker, Shay, and Simchon Faigler
Abstract: We present fBLS – a novel technique for detecting transiting planets. fBLS is based on the fast-folding algorithm (FFA; Staelin 1969), extensively used in pulsar astronomy (e.g., Morello et al. 2020). fBLS simultaneously produces all the binned phase-folded lightcurves for an array of Np ‘sufficiently different’ trial periods, with O(Np*log(N)) arithmetic operations (while regular BLS requires O(Np*N) operations). We compute the standard BLS statistic for each folded lightcurve produced by fBLS, creating a standard BLS periodogram. We present fBLS capabilities by applying it to Kepler data, finding known and new planets. When applied to PLATO lightcurves, it will detect small rocky transiting planets, with periods shorter than one day, a period range for which the computation is extensive. fBLS will also be used to detect transiting planets with varying duration and transit timing., {"references":["Staelin D. H., 1969, Proceedings of the IEEE, 57, 724","Morello V., Barr E. D., Stappers B. W., Keane E. F., Lyne A. G., 2020,MNRAS, 497, 4654","Kovács G., Zucker S., Mazeh T., 2002, A&A, 391, 369","Shahaf S., Mazeh T., Zucker S., Fabrycky D., 2021, MNRAS, 505, 1293","Winn J. N., Sanchis-Ojeda R., Rappaport S., 2018, New Astron. Rev., 83, 37"]}
Published: 2021
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12. Does the HR 6819 triple system contain a dormant black hole? Not necessarily

Author: Simchon Faigler and Tsevi Mazeh
Subjects: Physics, Brightness, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Triple system, Be star, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Black hole, Orbit, Stars, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Orbital motion, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: A recent paper by Rivinius et al. proposed that HR 6819 is a triple system, with a distant Be star and a binary of 40-day orbit, composed of a B3 III giant and a dormant black hole (BH). We suggest that the evidence for this model is not conclusive. In an alternative model, the companion of the giant is by itself a short-period binary in, say, a $\sim$$4$-day orbit, consisting, for example, of two A0 stars. Each of the two A0 stars should contribute $\sim$$4\%$ of the total brightness of the system in the $V$ band, and their spectral lines are moving due to their assumed orbital motion with an unknown period. Therefore, only a careful analysis of the observed spectra can exclude such a model. Before such an analysis is presented and upper limits for the depths of the hypothetical A0 star absorption lines are derived, the model of a hidden close pair is more probable than the BH model., Accepted for publication by MNRAS Letters. 6 pages and 1 figure
Published: 2020
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13. FramePlus: aligning DNA to protein sequences.

Author: Eran Halperin, Simchon Faigler, and Raveh Gill-More
Published: 1999
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14. The Galactic Anticentre

Author: Vincenzo Ripepi, A. de Torres, Annie C. Robin, Mariateresa Crosta, C. Diener, L. Noval, Daniel Michalik, P. J. Richards, L. Karbevska, K. Kruszyńska, E. Fraile, André Moitinho, Michał Pawlak, P. Panuzzo, M. Riello, Benoit Carry, A. Yoldas, Harry Enke, N. Tonello, P. Gavras, M. Vaillant, Rosanna Sordo, E. del Pozo, Lorenzo Rimoldini, M. Bernet, G. Orrù, W. van Reeven, J. M. Martín-Fleitas, S. Diakite, P. Burgess, P. Osborne, Derek W. Morris, M. I. Carnerero, Amina Helmi, Mike Smith, Iain A. Steele, Alessandro Sozzetti, M. Kontizas, A. Sagristà Sellés, Roberto Molinaro, B. Holl, D. Baines, D. Molina, J. Fernández-Hernández, S. Marinoni, Michele Bellazzini, Maria Süveges, Teresa Antoja, D. Barbato, Uwe Lammers, Isabella Pagano, Davide Massari, G. Plum, P. Ramos, G. Jevardat de Fombelle, M. Biermann, C. Crowley, Mathias Schultheis, D. W. Evans, P. A. Palicio, Paolo Montegriffo, Ramachrisna Teixeira, R. Blomme, Elmé Breedt, T. A. Lister, F. A. Jansen, Ruth Carballo, Marcella Marconi, A. Abreu Aramburu, J. M. Carrasco, F. Royer, S. Accart, A. Burlacu, S. Regibo, Andrej Prsa, M. Sarasso, Nicolas Rambaux, A. F. Mulone, Ana Ulla, Eric Gosset, Alessandra Mastrobuono-Battisti, George M. Seabroke, H. E. Delgado, Federico Marocco, C. Nicolas, T. Lebzelter, Nami Mowlavi, C. Barache, Nicoletta Sanna, G. Gracia-Abril, R. Santoveña, R. Haigron, N. Unger, Silvio Leccia, A. Jean-Antoine Piccolo, A. F. Lanza, Alberto Vecchiato, Thomas Wevers, F. Figueras, G. Busso, C. Fabre, P. Di Matteo, F. Riclet, F. Solitro, Eric Slezak, N. Samaras, João Alves, Emese Plachy, Timo Prusti, F. van Leeuwen, J. Osinde, O. Marchal, M. Ajaj, C. Ducourant, Tatiana Muraveva, Shay Zucker, H. Steidelmüller, Alberto Riva, D. Semeux, N. Cheek, Laurent Galluccio, Martin A. Barstow, Alex Bombrun, S. Liao, M. van Leeuwen, R. E. de Souza, P. de Laverny, T. Roegiers, Paul J. McMillan, G. Holland, Alexey Mints, G. Giuffrida, L. M. Sarro, Juan Zorec, G. Sadowski, P. Yvard, Carme Jordi, J. L. Halbwachs, Laurent Chemin, Ludovic Delchambre, M. Garcia-Reinaldos, Ugo Becciani, Diego Bossini, Ángel Gómez, Sergi Blanco-Cuaresma, Rossella Cancelliere, C. Fabricius, J. De Ridder, L. Eyer, L. Pulone, Simon Hodgkin, Ennio Poretti, F. De Angeli, M. Haywood, E. Anglada Varela, Antonella Vallenari, F. X. Pineau, D. Garabato, A. Guerrier, H. E. P. Lindstrøm, Thomas Hilger, I. Bellas-Velidis, Frédéric Arenou, Paolo Giacobbe, Ilaria Musella, Tristan Cantat-Gaudin, L. Palaversa, Pedro García-Lario, David Hobbs, C. Turon, E. Balbinot, P. de Teodoro, Sébastien Lambert, D. Katz, Angela Bragaglia, Anthony G. A. Brown, Paolo Tanga, P. Castro Sampol, J. C. Segovia, Alejandra Recio-Blanco, Yves Fremat, Jon Marchant, Jose M Hernandez, S. Ragaini, Sofia Randich, P. Re Fiorentin, J. F. Le Campion, Gisella Clementini, M. Segol, P. David, R. Drimmel, F. Crifo, J. Guiraud, M. David, R. L. Smart, M. Fabrizio, I. Gonzalez-Santamaria, D. Eappachen, M. G. Lattanzi, Miguel García-Torres, Andreas Korn, S. Voutsinas, László Molnár, Simchon Faigler, A. Mora, Nicholas Rowell, Antti Penttilä, R. Geyer, Sanjeev Khanna, Aldo Dell'Oro, H. E. Huckle, C. Dolding, N. Leclerc, Monica Rainer, R. Mor, J. Bakker, Maroussia Roelens, Douglas J. Marshall, A. G. Butkevich, Nigel Hambly, A. Masip, Laia Casamiquela, R. Messineo, Martin Altmann, A. M. Piersimoni, Alessandro Spagna, Gerry Gilmore, Stefano Bertone, Patrick Charlot, O. Vanel, Daniel Hestroffer, Marco Castellani, Sebastian L. Hidalgo, W. Roux, Łukasz Wyrzykowski, Krzysztof A. Rybicki, M. M. S. Marcos Santos, Raphael Guerra, Alberto Cellino, E. Poggio, Gérard Jasniewicz, J. J. González-Vidal, S. Cowell, Peter G. Jonker, C. M. Raiteri, S. Bartolomé, J. Álvarez Cid-Fuentes, Elisabetta Caffau, J. J. Aguado, N. R. Millar, Ulrike Heiter, Federica Spoto, Felix Franke, A. Baudesson-Stella, M. Barros, Tsevi Mazeh, A. Panahi, E. Brugaletta, R. Buzzi, Elena Pancino, G. Altavilla, E. Racero, Enrique Solano, Mikael Granvik, Minia Manteiga, C. Robin, Tomaz Zwitter, Deborah Busonero, Alberto Krone-Martins, Marc Audard, Kevin Benson, Christos Siopis, L. Balaguer-Núñez, C. A. L. Bailer-Jones, E. Poujoulet, O. L. Creevey, E. Szegedi-Elek, C. Fouron, Michael Davidson, E. Licata, Despina Hatzidimitriou, Mark Cropper, Z. Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, S. Managau, A. Dapergolas, Sergio Messina, Laszlo Szabados, H. I. Siddiqui, W. Löffler, Mario Gai, J.-B. Delisle, Leanne P. Guy, S. G. Baker, W. J. Cooper, Alfred Castro-Ginard, Conny Aerts, A. Lorca, Xavier Luri, Damien Ségransan, Grigori Fedorets, A. Garofalo, J. Juaristi Campillo, F. De Luise, F. Pailler, F. Taris, L. Bramante, Thierry Morel, T. Cornez, L. Martin Polo, M. Ramos-Lerate, Jordi Portell, E. Salguero, Sergei A. Klioner, K. Janßen, Ulrich Bastian, Stefan Jordan, P. Esquej, A. C. Lanzafame, Beatrice Bucciarelli, C. Panem, Y. Lebreton, Carlos Dafonte, S. Girona, D. Munoz, Dimitri Pourbaix, William Thuillot, J. H. J. de Bruijne, N. Brouillet, L. Chaoul, F. Torra, Alex Lobel, J.-L. Bassilana, Francesca Fragkoudi, M. Romero-Gómez, C. A. Stephenson, T. Pauwels, Eva Sciacca, Alessandro Bressan, Morgan Fouesneau, E. Livanou, E. Gerlach, X. Peñalosa Esteller, Roberto Morbidelli, L. Rohrbasser, Johannes Sahlmann, Elisa Distefano, P. Sartoretti, Karri Muinonen, Zoltan Balog, Y. Viala, J. Torra, H. Zhao, L. Siltala, G. Tauran, D. Souami, P. Madrero Pardo, David Teyssier, Jesus Salgado, J. Souchay, C. P. Murphy, Maria-Rosa L. Cioni, N. A. Walton, S. Bouquillon, Andrea Chiavassa, Agnes Fienga, Giovanni Comoretto, F. Julbe, A. Hutton, Yassine Damerdji, Richard I. Anderson, Pierre Fernique, Céline Reylé, M. Hauser, E. Utrilla, Pierre Kervella, C. Zurbach, Robert G. Mann, Ummi Abbas, Hector Canovas, D. L. Harrison, Y. Lasne, Mark Taylor, Y. Le Fustec, E. F. del Peloso, N. Bauchet, E. van Dillen, Jan Rybizki, N. Hładczuk, T. Boch, J. González-Núñez, Carine Babusiaux, C. Pagani, Krzysztof Nienartowicz, Eduard Masana, G. Kordopatis, N. Robichon, Luciana Bianchi, R. Gutiérrez-Sánchez, Arnaud Siebert, A. Kochoska, T. Carlucci, Jérôme Berthier, J. Castañeda, D. Vicente, R. De March, A. Garcia-Gutierrez, M. Weiler, F. Thévenin, Lennart Lindegren, Isabelle Lecoeur-Taïbi, Guy Rixon, Francois Mignard, P. M. Marrese, M. A. Álvarez, Caroline Soubiran, Rene Andrae, C. Ordénovic, A. Delgado, V. Sanchez Gimenez, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Universidad de Barcelona, Xunta de Galicia, European Commission, Centros de Excelencia Severo Ochoa, BARCELONA SUPERCOMPUTING CENTER (BSC), SEV2015-0493, Krone Martins, A. [0000-0002-2308-6623], McMillan, P. [0000-0002-8861-2620], Carrasco Martínez, J. P. [0000-0002-3029-5853], Sozzetti, A. [0000-0002-7504-365X], Unidad de Excelencia Científica María de Maeztu Centro de Astrobiología del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial y CSIC, MINECO/ICTI2013-2016/MDM-2014-0369, Centrode Excelencia Científica Instituto de Ciencias del Cosmos Universidad de Barcelona, MINECO/ICTI2013-2016/SEV2015-0493, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), Estonian Ministry of Education and Research, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Commission (EC), European Research Council (ERC), Institut des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU), Institut National Polytechnique (INP), Institut National de Physique nucleaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungarian National Research, Development, and Innovation Office (NKFIH), Science Foundation Ireland (SFI), Israel Science Foundation (ISF), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), Italian Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), Polish National Science Centre, Ministry of Science and Higher Education (MNiSW), Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT), Slovenian Research Agency, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), Generalitat de Catalunya, United Kingdom Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), United Kingdom Space Agency (UKSA), Gaia Collaboration, Universidad de Cantabria, Astronomy, Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, Institut de Ciencies del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Kapteyn Astronomical Institute [Groningen], University of Groningen [Groningen], INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (OAPD), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), M2A 2021, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Planetary-system research, Department of Physics, Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: trigonometric parallaxes, SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD, Astronomy, SAGITTARIUS DWARF GALAXY, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, sagittarius dwarf galaxy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], solar neighborhood, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrometry, Gelexy: kinematics and dynamics, Kinematics and Dynamics, Open clusters and asssociations: individual: Berkeley 29, sky survey, Disk, Physical Sciences, kinematics and dynamics [Gelexy], old open clusters, MILKY-WAY, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, open clusters and associations: individual: Berkeley 29, Galaxy: kinematics and dynamics, disk [Galaxy], individual: Berkeley 29 [open clusters and associations], Astrometria, Berkeley 29, EXPLORING HALO SUBSTRUCTURE, LOCAL KINEMATICS, Milky Way, FOS: Physical sciences, Open Clusters and Associations, Individual, exploring halo substructure, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Computer Science::Digital Libraries, stellar structure, Galaxy: disk, Open clusters and associations: individual: Saurer 1, Galactic halo, Halo, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, individual: Berkeley 29 [Open clusters and asssociations], 0103 physical sciences, distances [stars], halo [Galaxy], Disc, Stars: distances, milky-way, Saurer 1, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, canis-major, Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, TRIGONOMETRIC PARALLAXES, Galaxy: halo, stars: distances, open clusters and associations: individual: Saurer 1, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galactic plane, kinematics and dynamics [Galaxy], 115 Astronomy, Space science, CANIS-MAJOR, Stars, Galaxy, Physics::History of Physics, Estels, individual: Saurer 1 [open clusters and associations], Distances, local kinematics, OLD OPEN CLUSTERS, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), SKY SURVEY, Open cluster, STELLAR STRUCTURE
Abstract: Aims. We aim to demonstrate the scientific potential of the Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3) for the study of different aspects of the Milky Way structure and evolution and we provide, at the same time, a description of several practical aspects of the data and examples of their usage., Methods. We used astrometric positions, proper motions, parallaxes, and photometry from EDR3 to select different populations and components and to calculate the distances and velocities in the direction of the anticentre. In this direction, the Gaia astrometric data alone enable the calculation of the vertical and azimuthal velocities; also, the extinction is relatively low compared to other directions in the Galactic plane. We then explore the disturbances of the current disc, the spatial and kinematical distributions of early accreted versus in situ stars, the structures in the outer parts of the disc, and the orbits of open clusters Berkeley 29 and Saurer 1., Results. With the improved astrometry and photometry of EDR3, we find that: (i) the dynamics of the Galactic disc are very complex with oscillations in the median rotation and vertical velocities as a function of radius, vertical asymmetries, and new correlations, including a bimodality with disc stars with large angular momentum moving vertically upwards from below the plane, and disc stars with slightly lower angular momentum moving preferentially downwards; (ii) we resolve the kinematic substructure (diagonal ridges) in the outer parts of the disc for the first time; (iii) the red sequence that has been associated with the proto-Galactic disc that was present at the time of the merger with Gaia-Enceladus-Sausage is currently radially concentrated up to around 14 kpc, while the blue sequence that has been associated with debris of the satellite extends beyond that; (iv) there are density structures in the outer disc, both above and below the plane, most probably related to Monoceros, the Anticentre Stream, and TriAnd, for which the Gaia data allow an exhaustive selection of candidate member stars and dynamical study; and (v) the open clusters Berkeley 29 and Saurer 1, despite being located at large distances from the Galactic centre, are on nearly circular disc-like orbits., Conclusions. Even with our simple preliminary exploration of the Gaia EDR3, we demonstrate how, once again, these data from the European Space Agency are crucial for our understanding of the different pieces of our Galaxy and their connection to its global structure and history.
Published: 2021
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15. Gaia early data release 3: summary of the contents and survey properties (Corrigendum)

Author: Mathias Schultheis, Marcella Marconi, N. Robichon, Luciana Bianchi, F. Crifo, J. Guiraud, D. Eappachen, R. Gutiérrez-Sánchez, Sanjeev Khanna, A. M. Piersimoni, Raphael Guerra, J. J. González-Vidal, J. J. Aguado, N. R. Millar, A. Baudesson-Stella, Tristan Cantat-Gaudin, Alejandra Recio-Blanco, Ummi Abbas, Francesca Figueras, R. Blomme, Elmé Breedt, G. Busso, A. Jean-Antoine Piccolo, Gerry Gilmore, A. Panahi, S. Messina, C. Babusiaux, Łukasz Wyrzykowski, Mark Taylor, Alex Bombrun, M. Barros, M. Riello, M. Ajaj, C. Ducourant, Tatiana Muraveva, Alberto Cellino, E. Poggio, Y. Le Fustec, C. P. Murphy, Maria-Rosa L. Cioni, Hector Canovas, D. L. Harrison, Y. Lasne, Elena Pancino, N. Bauchet, G. Orrù, Sergi Blanco-Cuaresma, Simon Hodgkin, Ennio Poretti, A. F. Lanza, Alberto Vecchiato, Thomas Wevers, Andrea Chiavassa, E. Szegedi-Elek, A. G. A. Brown, Laszlo Szabados, A. Masip, Laia Casamiquela, R. Messineo, C. Crowley, Alessandra Mastrobuono-Battisti, E. Poujoulet, Zoltan Balog, L. Eyer, A. Guerrier, H. E. P. Lindstrøm, Ilaria Musella, Laurent Galluccio, Martin A. Barstow, Aldo Dell'Oro, Mark Cropper, Z. Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Angela Bragaglia, Arnaud Siebert, Damien Ségransan, A. Kochoska, J. L. Halbwachs, E. F. del Peloso, N. Hładczuk, F. Pailler, Stefan Jordan, Stefano Bertone, L. Pulone, Frédéric Arenou, Patrick Charlot, David Hobbs, P. Castro Sampol, Yves Fremat, Sofia Randich, Marc Audard, Despina Hatzidimitriou, A. Dapergolas, L. Palaversa, W. van Reeven, M. Hauser, E. Utrilla, Georges Kordopatis, Sergei A. Klioner, Alex Lobel, J.-L. Bassilana, G. Tauran, T. Prusti, H. Steidelmüller, Alberto Riva, Diego Bossini, Maria Süveges, Isabella Pagano, J. H. J. de Bruijne, Elisabetta Caffau, Federica Spoto, Felix Franke, T. Boch, M. I. Carnerero, T. Carlucci, Grigori Fedorets, J. Castañeda, W. Löffler, Enrique Solano, Paolo Montegriffo, A. Abreu Aramburu, T. Lebzelter, Nami Mowlavi, C. Barache, C. A. Stephenson, A. Lorca, L. Bramante, Amina Helmi, J.-B. Delisle, B. Holl, D. Molina, J. Fernández-Hernández, G. Jevardat de Fombelle, F. van Leeuwen, C. Robin, D. Katz, E. Gerlach, Elisa Distefano, Michele Bellazzini, P. de Laverny, G. Sadowski, Tomaz Zwitter, A. Burlacu, Teresa Antoja, Rossella Cancelliere, F. Torra, C. Pagani, Annie C. Robin, Johannes Sahlmann, Karri Muinonen, Eva Sciacca, D. Vicente, Krzysztof Nienartowicz, A. F. Mulone, Shay Zucker, Nicholas Rowell, H. E. Delgado, Dimitri Pourbaix, G. Giuffrida, H. E. Huckle, Federico Marocco, L. Noval, Daniel Michalik, P. J. Richards, Y. Viala, E. van Dillen, L. Karbevska, H. Zhao, L. Siltala, Nicoletta Sanna, K. Kruszyńska, E. Fraile, R. De March, Y. Lebreton, C. M. Raiteri, D. W. Evans, Ana Ulla, Francesca Fragkoudi, Jan Rybizki, E. Brugaletta, L. Rohrbasser, Andreas Korn, S. G. Baker, A. Garcia-Gutierrez, L. M. Sarro, R. Buzzi, T. Pauwels, Jérôme Berthier, L. Chaoul, W. J. Cooper, Eduard Masana, M. van Leeuwen, D. Garabato, P. Panuzzo, Maroussia Roelens, Benoit Carry, Deborah Busonero, Michael Davidson, J. González-Núñez, Thomas Hilger, E. Licata, M. Weiler, Mikael Granvik, Alessandro Bressan, Morgan Fouesneau, Miguel García-Torres, W. Roux, Pedro García-Lario, Iain A. Steele, P. Ramos, Alessandro Sozzetti, Roberto Molinaro, O. L. Creevey, D. Barbato, Lorenzo Rimoldini, Uwe Lammers, Alexey Mints, P. Sartoretti, E. Livanou, D. Souami, P. Madrero Pardo, David Teyssier, M. Bernet, Yassine Damerdji, X. Peñalosa Esteller, C. Fabre, F. Thévenin, Gérard Jasniewicz, Roberto Morbidelli, Jesus Salgado, Juan Zorec, Ángel Gómez, Douglas J. Marshall, A. G. Butkevich, M. Biermann, E. Racero, J. Torra, R. Gomel, O. Vanel, Daniel Hestroffer, Sebastian L. Hidalgo, P. A. Palicio, F. De Angeli, Richard L. Smart, J. M. Martín-Fleitas, Derek W. Morris, F. Royer, S. Diakite, S. Accart, C. Dolding, P. Burgess, Richard I. Anderson, A. Garofalo, I. Bellas-Velidis, George M. Seabroke, P. Osborne, Claus Fabricius, Jon Marchant, Ramachrisna Teixeira, João Alves, G. Gracia-Abril, R. Santoveña, R. Haigron, N. Unger, Lennart Lindegren, Isabelle Lecoeur-Taïbi, Paolo Giacobbe, Emese Plachy, M. Fabrizio, I. Gonzalez-Santamaria, F. Taris, Kevin Benson, Christos Siopis, M. M. S. Marcos Santos, S. Cowell, Jose M Hernandez, S. Ragaini, Jordi Portell, Linda K. Molnar, R. Drimmel, Pierre Kervella, C. Zurbach, S. Bartolomé, J. Álvarez Cid-Fuentes, E. Salguero, Ulrich Bastian, Robert G. Mann, Marco Castellani, J. Osinde, E. Balbinot, Caroline Soubiran, Rene Andrae, J. Souchay, M. G. Lattanzi, S. Voutsinas, Agnes Fienga, Giovanni Comoretto, P. Esquej, A. C. Lanzafame, Beatrice Bucciarelli, C. Panem, Carlos Dafonte, Alfred Castro-Ginard, J. C. Segovia, Monica Rainer, F. Julbe, A. Hutton, Peter G. Jonker, William Thuillot, A. de Torres, F. De Luise, Pierre Fernique, Céline Reylé, M. Kontizas, G. Plum, Martin Altmann, L. Martin Polo, M. Ramos-Lerate, P. de Teodoro, Sébastien Lambert, G. Altavilla, André Moitinho, D. Munoz, N. Brouillet, Alessandro Spagna, C. Ordénovic, Gisella Clementini, C. Nicolas, Michał Pawlak, Silvio Leccia, A. Delgado, M. Romero-Gómez, N. Cheek, A. Yoldas, Harry Enke, Rosanna Sordo, V. Sanchez Gimenez, Mike Smith, P. David, D. Baines, Paolo Tanga, Guy Rixon, Alberto Krone-Martins, S. Managau, N. A. Walton, S. Bouquillon, C. Fouron, Francois Mignard, Xavier Luri, J. Juaristi Campillo, S. Girona, Thierry Morel, T. Cornez, P. M. Marrese, M. A. Álvarez, S. Liao, Andrej Prsa, M. Sarasso, Nicolas Rambaux, Paul J. McMillan, Ludovic Delchambre, M. Garcia-Reinaldos, M. Haywood, E. Anglada Varela, Antonella Vallenari, S. Regibo, R. E. de Souza, Sahar Shahaf, J. De Ridder, M. Segol, Simchon Faigler, A. Mora, Ulrike Heiter, Carla Cacciari, Minia Manteiga, H. I. Siddiqui, Mario Gai, Leanne P. Guy, N. Leclerc, T. A. Lister, F. A. Jansen, Ruth Carballo, J. M. Carrasco, Bengt Edvardsson, P. Di Matteo, K. Janßen, F. Riclet, F. Solitro, O. Marchal, G. Holland, F. X. Pineau, C. Turon, P. Re Fiorentin, Tsevi Mazeh, Mariateresa Crosta, C. Diener, J. F. Le Campion, Vincenzo Ripepi, M. David, R. Mor, N. Tonello, E. del Pozo, J. Bakker, Davide Massari, A. Sagristà Sellés, Marco Delbo, Eric Slezak, P. Gavras, N. Samaras, S. Marinoni, M. Vaillant, J. M. Petit, P. Yvard, Carme Jordi, Ugo Becciani, Antti Penttilä, R. Geyer, Nigel Hambly, Krzysztof A. Rybicki, L. Balaguer-Núñez, C. A. L. Bailer-Jones, Conny Aerts, Eric Gosset, D. Semeux, T. Roegiers, and Laurent Chemin
Subjects: Physics, Addenda, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Errata, Parallaxes, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrometry, Photometric, 01 natural sciences, Techniques, catalogs, astrometry, parallaxes, proper motions, techniques: photometric, errata, addenda, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Proper motions, Catalogs, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Data release, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: We present the early installment of the third Gaia data release, Gaia EDR3, consisting of astrometry and photometry for 1.8 billion sources brighter than magnitude 21, complemented with the list of radial velocities from Gaia DR2. Gaia EDR3 contains celestial positions and the apparent brightness in G for approximately 1.8 billion sources. For 1.5 billion of those sources, parallaxes, proper motions, and the (G_BP-G_RP) colour are also available. The passbands for G, G_BP, and G_RP are provided as part of the release. For ease of use, the 7 million radial velocities from Gaia DR2 are included in this release, after the removal of a small number of spurious values. New radial velocities will appear as part of Gaia DR3. Finally, Gaia EDR3 represents an updated materialisation of the celestial reference frame (CRF) in the optical, the Gaia-CRF3, which is based solely on extragalactic sources. The creation of the source list for Gaia EDR3 includes enhancements that make it more robust with respect to high proper motion stars, and the disturbing effects of spurious and partially resolved sources. The source list is largely the same as that for Gaia DR2, but it does feature new sources and there are some notable changes. The source list will not change for Gaia DR3. Gaia EDR3 represents a significant advance over Gaia DR2, with parallax precisions increased by 30 percent, proper motion precisions increased by a factor of 2, and the systematic errors in the astrometry suppressed by 30--40 percent for the parallaxes and by a factor ~2.5 for the proper motions. The photometry also features increased precision, but above all much better homogeneity across colour, magnitude, and celestial position. A single passband for G, G_BP, and G_RP is valid over the entire magnitude and colour range, with no systematics above the 1 percent level.
Published: 2021

16. Search for Dormant Black Holes in Ellipsoidal Variables III. The OGLE BULGE Short-Period Sample

Author: Roy Gomel, Tsevi Mazeh, Simchon Faigler, and Michał Pawlak
Subjects: Physics, close [binaries], Minimum mass, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Radius, Mass ratio, 01 natural sciences, Black hole, photometric [techniques], Neutron star, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Primary (astronomy), Bulge, 0103 physical sciences, data analysis [methods], black holes [stars], Roche lobe, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
Abstract: This is the third of a series of papers that presents an algorithm to search for close binaries with massive, possibly compact, unseen secondaries. The detection of such a binary is based on identifying a star that displays a large ellipsoidal periodic modulation, induced by tidal interaction with its companion. In the second paper of the series we presented a simple approach to derive a robust modified minimum mass ratio (mMMR), based on the observed ellipsoidal amplitude, without knowing the primary mass and radius, assuming the primary fills its Roche lobe. The newly defined mMMR is always smaller than the actual mass ratio. Therefore, a binary with an mMMR larger than unity is a good candidate for having a massive secondary, which might be a black hole or a neutron star. This paper considers 10,956 OGLE short-period ellipsoidals observed towards the Galactic Bulge. We re-analyse their modulation and identify 136 main-sequence systems with mMMR significantly larger than unity as candidates for having compact-object secondaries, assuming their observed periodic modulations reflect indeed the ellipsoidal effect. Obviously, one needs follow-up observations to find out the true nature of these companions., Comment: 21 pages, 11 figures
Published: 2021
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17. Gaia Early Data Release 3: Acceleration of the solar system from Gaia astrometry

Author: Vincenzo Ripepi, P. Gavras, M. Vaillant, Mathias Schultheis, László Molnár, E. Poujoulet, Mark Cropper, C. Babusiaux, D. Molina, J. Fernández-Hernández, G. Jevardat de Fombelle, A. de Torres, Aldo Dell'Oro, J. Castañeda, Z. Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, A. Bombrun, André Moitinho, Marcella Marconi, Rossella Cancelliere, M. Hauser, M. Ajaj, C. M. Raiteri, L. Eyer, Michał Pawlak, H. I. Siddiqui, C. Ducourant, Tatiana Muraveva, Tsevi Mazeh, A. Panahi, Federico Marocco, Stefano Bertone, D. Vicente, Patrick Charlot, A. Guerrier, R. De March, Mario Gai, J. Souchay, H. E. P. Lindstrøm, Nicoletta Sanna, Agnes Fienga, Giovanni Comoretto, Jon Marchant, A. Lorca, E. Utrilla, A. Garcia-Gutierrez, Ilaria Musella, L. Balaguer-Núñez, Leanne P. Guy, N. Leclerc, E. Brugaletta, A. Yoldas, Harry Enke, Rosanna Sordo, Zoltan Balog, H. E. Huckle, L. Palaversa, Monica Rainer, T. A. Lister, F. A. Jansen, Ruth Carballo, Alessandro Spagna, J. M. Carrasco, Mikael Granvik, Derek W. Morris, F. Julbe, A. Hutton, J. Osinde, D. W. Evans, M. van Leeuwen, M. Weiler, F. Thévenin, F. Torra, Iain A. Steele, Lorenzo Rimoldini, Alessandro Sozzetti, Francesca Fragkoudi, K. Janßen, O. L. Creevey, J. González-Núñez, T. Pauwels, R. Buzzi, Miguel García-Torres, S. Liao, G. Tauran, Lennart Lindegren, C. Fouron, Pierre Fernique, Céline Reylé, P. Di Matteo, E. Szegedi-Elek, F. Pailler, Stefan Jordan, Roberto Molinaro, Elisabetta Caffau, Federica Spoto, Felix Franke, D. Barbato, Isabelle Lecoeur-Taïbi, Tristan Cantat-Gaudin, Alejandra Recio-Blanco, E. Livanou, W. Roux, X. Peñalosa Esteller, P. A. Palicio, J. H. J. de Bruijne, Sergi Blanco-Cuaresma, Deborah Busonero, F. Riclet, Conny Aerts, Georges Kordopatis, Guy Rixon, F. Solitro, Davide Massari, Mike Smith, D. Baines, Roberto Morbidelli, Gerry Gilmore, G. Plum, Alexey Mints, O. Marchal, Juan Zorec, Ángel Gómez, C. A. Stephenson, Michael Davidson, C. Fabricius, E. Licata, Sergio Messina, Laszlo Szabados, M. Biermann, A. Garofalo, G. Holland, F. De Angeli, Andreas Korn, E. Anglada Varela, Grigori Fedorets, S. Girona, E. Gerlach, Antonella Vallenari, M. Riello, Łukasz Wyrzykowski, Damien Ségransan, F. Taris, L. Bramante, Alberto Cellino, S. Regibo, Andrej Prsa, M. Sarasso, E. Poggio, W. Löffler, Paolo Giacobbe, Jordi Portell, Elisa Distefano, Eric Slezak, I. Bellas-Velidis, Nicolas Rambaux, E. Balbinot, J.-B. Delisle, Maroussia Roelens, E. Salguero, P. de Teodoro, E. van Dillen, Y. Lebreton, Francois Mignard, Sergei A. Klioner, Ulrich Bastian, N. Samaras, G. Orrù, R. E. de Souza, P. Esquej, Paul J. McMillan, A. C. Lanzafame, Sébastien Lambert, Beatrice Bucciarelli, Jose M Hernandez, M. Bernet, S. Ragaini, Gisella Clementini, A. F. Mulone, Ludovic Delchambre, C. Panem, Eric Gosset, P. David, M. Garcia-Reinaldos, Ana Ulla, F. Crifo, J. Guiraud, Mariateresa Crosta, L. Chaoul, C. Diener, Carlos Dafonte, Karri Muinonen, Alex Lobel, J.-L. Bassilana, Maria Süveges, Isabella Pagano, Dimitri Pourbaix, D. Eappachen, M. Haywood, R. Drimmel, Y. Viala, S. Voutsinas, D. Semeux, William Thuillot, N. A. Walton, Paolo Montegriffo, A. Abreu Aramburu, C. Fabre, H. Zhao, Alessandro Bressan, S. Bouquillon, Sanjeev Khanna, T. Lebzelter, N. Tonello, L. Siltala, M. G. Lattanzi, C. Crowley, P. Yvard, Carme Jordi, Elena Pancino, E. del Pozo, Jan Rybizki, Nami Mowlavi, C. Barache, Morgan Fouesneau, J. De Ridder, Ugo Becciani, Martin Altmann, F. van Leeuwen, P. M. Marrese, M. A. Álvarez, A. Jean-Antoine Piccolo, A. F. Lanza, Alberto Vecchiato, Thomas Wevers, Caroline Soubiran, C. P. Murphy, A. M. Piersimoni, Alessandra Mastrobuono-Battisti, Peter G. Jonker, A. Sagristà Sellés, T. Roegiers, S. Marinoni, Johannes Sahlmann, Rene Andrae, P. Sartoretti, G. Altavilla, Raphael Guerra, F. X. Pineau, M. Segol, T. Prusti, J. J. González-Vidal, J. J. Aguado, N. R. Millar, A. Baudesson-Stella, Andrea Chiavassa, Laurent Chemin, C. Turon, H. Steidelmüller, Douglas J. Marshall, A. G. Butkevich, Alberto Riva, P. de Laverny, Simchon Faigler, Laurent Galluccio, A. Mora, P. Re Fiorentin, C. Ordénovic, J. F. Le Campion, A. Delgado, V. Sanchez Gimenez, M. David, G. Sadowski, R. L. Smart, A. Masip, Laia Casamiquela, R. Messineo, R. Mor, J. Bakker, C. Dolding, J. M. Martín-Fleitas, S. Diakite, Coryn A. L. Bailer-Jones, D. Souami, P. Madrero Pardo, Martin A. Barstow, David Teyssier, Ummi Abbas, Jesus Salgado, Paolo Tanga, A. Burlacu, O. Vanel, Ulrike Heiter, Daniel Hestroffer, Sebastian L. Hidalgo, H. E. Delgado, Alberto Krone-Martins, C. Robin, Kevin Benson, Christos Siopis, S. Managau, P. Burgess, Tomaz Zwitter, M. M. S. Marcos Santos, S. Cowell, J. L. Halbwachs, Xavier Luri, Antti Penttilä, R. Geyer, Minia Manteiga, Yassine Damerdji, Nigel Hambly, S. Bartolomé, J. Álvarez Cid-Fuentes, P. Osborne, J. Juaristi Campillo, Mark Taylor, Richard I. Anderson, Y. Le Fustec, Thierry Morel, T. Cornez, Krzysztof A. Rybicki, L. Pulone, N. Bauchet, Pierre Kervella, C. Zurbach, Alfred Castro-Ginard, Frédéric Arenou, P. Ramos, Robert G. Mann, Annie C. Robin, J. C. Segovia, M. Barros, Hector Canovas, D. L. Harrison, Y. Lasne, L. Noval, David Hobbs, E. F. del Peloso, P. Castro Sampol, Yves Fremat, F. De Luise, Daniel Michalik, P. J. Richards, L. Karbevska, N. Hładczuk, K. Kruszyńska, T. Boch, Sofia Randich, A. G. A. Brown, C. Pagani, L. Martin Polo, M. Ramos-Lerate, Krzysztof Nienartowicz, Eduard Masana, E. Racero, E. Fraile, Marc Audard, N. Robichon, Luciana Bianchi, G. Gracia-Abril, R. Santoveña, R. Haigron, N. Unger, Jérôme Berthier, Despina Hatzidimitriou, R. Gutiérrez-Sánchez, M. Fabrizio, I. Gonzalez-Santamaria, A. Dapergolas, P. Panuzzo, Benoit Carry, Francesca Figueras, R. Blomme, Elmé Breedt, D. Munoz, Diego Bossini, G. Busso, D. Katz, Simon Hodgkin, Ennio Poretti, N. Brouillet, Marco Castellani, Nicholas Rowell, Arnaud Siebert, M. Romero-Gómez, Shay Zucker, W. van Reeven, A. Kochoska, G. Giuffrida, Eva Sciacca, T. Carlucci, L. M. Sarro, M. I. Carnerero, Amina Helmi, D. Garabato, B. Holl, Michele Bellazzini, L. Rohrbasser, Teresa Antoja, J. Torra, Thomas Hilger, Pedro García-Lario, Gérard Jasniewicz, Enrique Solano, S. G. Baker, W. J. Cooper, F. Royer, S. Accart, George M. Seabroke, João Alves, Emese Plachy, C. Nicolas, Silvio Leccia, N. Cheek, Uwe Lammers, Ramachrisna Teixeira, Techniche Universtât Desden, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lund Observatory, Lund University [Lund], Zentrum für astronomie, Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Department of nuclear medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Merck Serono S.A [Geneva Research Center], Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Planetary-system research, Department of Physics, Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Gaia Collaboration, Unidad de Excelencia Científica María de Maeztu Instituto de Ciencias del Cosmos Universidad de Barcelona, MDM-2014-0369, Centro de Excelencia Científica Severo Ochoa, Instituto de Ciencias del Cosmos de la Universidad de Barcelona, SEV2015-0493, Deliste, J. B. [0000-0001-5844-9888], Sozzeti, A. [0000-0002-7504-365X], Forderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung (FWF), Belgian federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO), Hertha Firnberg Programme, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Comite Francais d'Evaluation de la Cooperation Universitaire et Scientifique avec le Bresil (COFECUB), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), China Scholarship Council (CSC), European Commission (EC), European Research Council (ERC), Hungarian National Research, Development, and Innovation Office (NKFIH), Science Foundation Ireland (SFI), Israel Science Foundation (ISF), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA), Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), European Space Agency (ESA), Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca (MIUR), Narodowe Centrum Nauki (NCN), Slovenian Research Agency, Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA), United Kingdom Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Generalitat de Catalunya, Xunta de Galicia, Universidad de Cantabria, ITA, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Astronomy, and Kapteyn Astronomical Institute
Subjects: Data Analysis, Solar System, Astronomy, kinematics and dynamics, virgo cluster, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, bar, Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi, large-magellanic-cloud, Methods, Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, Astrophysics of Galaxies, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrometry, VIRGO CLUSTER, Kinematics and Dynamics, Amplitude, kinematics, Physical Sciences, MILKY-WAY, astrometry, Galaxy: kinematics and dynamics, PROPER MOTION, Proper motion, perturbation, proper motions, reference systems, methods: data analysis, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), proper motion, Astronomy & Astrophysics, MASS, Computer Science::Digital Libraries, Gravitational potential, Acceleration, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, 0103 physical sciences, data analysis [methods], Vector spherical harmonics, KINEMATICS, distance, milky-way, Science & Technology, PERTURBATION, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, kinematics and dynamics [Galaxy], 115 Astronomy, Space science, Physics::History of Physics, BAR, Galaxy, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), DISTANCE, mass, LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD
Abstract: Context. Gaia Early Data Release 3 (Gaia EDR3) provides accurate astrometry for about 1.6 million compact (QSO-like) extragalactic sources, 1.2 million of which have the best-quality five-parameter astrometric solutions., Aims. The proper motions of QSO-like sources are used to reveal a systematic pattern due to the acceleration of the solar systembarycentre with respect to the rest frame of the Universe. Apart from being an important scientific result by itself, the acceleration measured in this way is a good quality indicator of the Gaia astrometric solution., Methods. Theeffect of the acceleration was obtained as a part of the general expansion of the vector field of proper motions in vector spherical harmonics (VSH). Various versions of the VSH fit and various subsets of the sources were tried and compared to get the most consistent result and a realistic estimate of its uncertainty. Additional tests with the Gaia astrometric solution were used to get a better idea of the possible systematic errors in the estimate., Results. Our best estimate of the acceleration based on Gaia EDR3 is (2.32 +/- 0.16) x 10(-10) m s(-2) (or 7.33 +/- 0.51 km s(-1) Myr-1) towards alpha = 269.1 degrees +/- 5.4 degrees, delta = -31.6 degrees +/- 4.1 degrees, corresponding to a proper motion amplitude of 5.05 +/- 0.35 mu as yr(-1). This is in good agreement with the acceleration expected from current models of the Galactic gravitational potential. We expect that future Gaia data releases will provide estimates of the acceleration with uncertainties substantially below 0.1 mu as yr(-1).
Published: 2020
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18. Triage of Astrometric Binaries - how to find triple systems and dormant black-hole secondaries in the Gaia orbits

Author: B. Holl, Sahar Shahaf, Simchon Faigler, and Tsevi Mazeh
Subjects: Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Binary number, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrometry, Astrophysics, Function (mathematics), Mass ratio, 01 natural sciences, Celestial mechanics, Black hole, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Primary (astronomy), 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Parallax, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
Abstract: Preparing for the expected wealth of Gaia detections, we consider here a simple algorithm for classifying unresolved astrometric binaries with main-sequence (MS) primary into three classes: binaries with a probable MS secondary, with two possible values for the mass ratio; probable hierarchical triple MS systems with an astrometric secondary as a close binary, with a limited range of mass-ratio values; and binaries with a compact-object secondary, with a minimal value of the mass ratio. This is done by defining a unit-less observational parameter 'Astrometric Mass-Ratio Function' (AMRF), $\mathcal{A}$, of a binary, based on primary-mass estimation, in addition to the astrometric parameters - the angular semi-major axis, the period and the parallax. We derive the $\mathcal{A}$ value that differentiates the three classes by forward modeling representative binaries of each class, assuming some mass-luminosity relation.To demonstrate the potential of the algorithm, we consider the orbits of 98 Hipparcos astrometric binaries with main-sequence primaries, using the Hipparcos parallaxes and the primary-mass estimates. For systems with known spectroscopic orbital solution, our results are consistent with the spectroscopic elements, validating the suggested approach. The algorithm will be able to identify hierarchical triple systems and dormant neutron-star and black-hole companions in the Gaia astrometric binaries., Comment: Submitted to MNRAS
Published: 2019
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19. Gaia Data Release 2

Author: H. E. Huckle, F. Riclet, R. Buzzi, D. J. Marshall, Deborah Busonero, Michael Davidson, C Boeche, Sergio Messina, F. X. Pineau, G. Jasniewicz, L. Balaguer-Núñez, C. A. L. Bailer-Jones, L. Chaoul, J. L. Halbwachs, D. Teyssier, A. F. Lanza, Alberto Vecchiato, Shay Zucker, Francois Taris, Conny Aerts, L. Pulone, Mario Gai, L. M. Sarro, Frédéric Arenou, Á. L. Juhász, Alessandro Bressan, Joao Alves, Morgan Fouesneau, David Hobbs, Yves Fremat, L. Ruiz-Dern, A. Hutton, Sofia Randich, Gerry Gilmore, D. Garabato, Leanne P. Guy, J. González-Núñez, M. Weiler, H. Steidelmüller, D. de Martino, M. A. Álvarez, Vincenzo Ripepi, G. Gracia-Abril, Uwe Lammers, P. de Laverny, G. Sadowski, Nicolas Mary, Bengt Edvardsson, Laszlo Szabados, Łukasz Wyrzykowski, David Barrado, Alberto Cellino, Damien Ségransan, T Roegiers, Olivier Wertz, A. Recio-Blanco, Sergei A. Klioner, J. Durán, A. Panahi, A. Karampelas, Alex Lobel, J.-L. Bassilana, H. Voss, Sven Zschocke, A. Bombrun, F. De Angeli, Toni Santana-Ros, J. C. Segovia, D. Vicente, S. Blanco-Cuaresma, A. G. Butkevich, M. Riello, Amina Helmi, J. Bakker, J. Souchay, A. Kewley, R Alvarez, Daniel Hestroffer, Sergey E. Koposov, Tsevi Mazeh, Maria Süveges, F. F. Suess, P. Drazinos, B. Holl, H. Ziaeepour, T. Wevems, Eva Sciacca, P. Esquej, A. Gueguen, J. Heu, R. Geyer, J. Fernández-Hernández, E. Licata, Laurent Galluccio, J. Cuypers, Peter G. Jonker, Ummi Abbas, Elena Pancino, Jean Surdej, E. Anglada Varela, Michele Bellazzini, Teresa Antoja, Martin A. Barstow, László Molnár, Isabella Pagano, E. Solano, E. Brugaletta, P. Koubsky, Paolo Tanga, Alberto Krone-Martins, M. Clotet, Nigel Hambly, R. L. Smart, Paolo Giacobbe, Simchon Faigler, G. Giuffrida, Aldo Dell'Oro, Yveline Lebreton, Stefano Bertone, Mario G. Lattanzi, Paul S. Barklem, D. Tapiador, Patrick Charlot, A. H. Andrei, Luciano Nicastro, S. Managau, Lorenzo Rimoldini, Mario Di Martino, Paolo Montegriffo, A. Abreu Aramburu, O. Marchal, Marcella Marconi, K. Janßen, K. Findeisen, Xavier Luri, A. Berihuete, M. Schultheis, P. Di Matteo, R. Mor, C. Barata, A. Mora, W. van Reeven, Mikael Granvik, M. Barros, Carine Babusiaux, A. G. A. Brown, Mark Taylor, Y. Le Fustec, T. Lebzelter, Nami Mowlavi, O. L. Creevey, F. Barblan, Thierry Morel, Timo Prusti, A. Riva, S. Girona, S. Liao, Viktor Votruba, Frédéric Royer, Laurent Chemin, G. Altavilla, A. M. Piersimoni, Davide Massari, Marco Delbo, S. Diakite, V. Valette, N. Bach, H. Lenhardt, André Moitinho, Christophe Barache, S. Galleti, Michał Pawlak, A. Yoldas, Harry Enke, Rosanna Sordo, A. Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, Patrice David, Giacomo Cannizzaro, W. Löffler, J. Torra, Tristan Cantat-Gaudin, Marc Audard, D. Katz, Jose M Hernandez, Gijs Nelemans, S. Ragaini, P. Osborne, D. Terrett, A. J. Falcão, D. L. Harrison, G. Plum, R. G. Mann, Ulrike Heiter, Carla Cacciari, Gal Matijevic, J. M. Petit, A. Titarenko, Despina Hatzidimitriou, Juan Zorec, Angela Bragaglia, Nicholas Rowell, Annie C. Robin, Mario David, Tri L. Astraatmadja, Giovanni Comoretto, F. Julbe, Derek W. Morris, R. Drimmel, F. García-Sedano, A. Dapergolas, L. Noval, Mike Smith, Grigori Fedorets, H. Palacin, L. Bramante, D. Molina, Jesus Salgado, C. Dolding, M. Vaillant, Daniel Michalik, H. I. Siddiqui, Minia Manteiga, P. J. Richards, D. Barbato, A. Fonti, Raphael Guerra, J. J. González-Vidal, E. del Pozo, Mariateresa Crosta, M. Žerjal, F. Torra Clotet, C. Diener, M. Hauser, G. Walmsley, Sonia Nieto, I. Bellas-Velidis, T. Boch, Antonella Vallenari, M. Segol, S. Voutsinas, F. Leroux, A. F. Mulone, Pierre Fernique, Céline Reylé, P. Panuzzo, W. Hofmann, S. Bouquillon, F. Crifo, S. Cowell, Ana Ulla, Benoit Carry, C. Ordenovic, F. Pailler, E. Utrilla, Dimitri Pourbaix, A. Hypki, Stefan Jordan, T. Carlucci, Gráinne Costigan, Alfred Castro-Ginard, C. Fabre, C. Crowley, R. Borrachero, Sébastien Lambert, J. H. J. de Bruijne, D. W. Evans, C. Turon, T. Brüsemeister, F. De Luise, R. Haigron, Carme Jordi, G. Marschalkó, C. von Essen, C. Pagani, Katrien Kolenberg, M. van Leeuwen, N. R. Millar, Gisella Clementini, A. de Torres, Ugo Becciani, S. Marinoni, Geraldine Bourda, A. F. Silva, L. Eyer, Misha Haywood, C. Fabricius, Krzysztof Nienartowicz, Miguel García-Torres, S. Regibo, P. Gavras, Gábor Marton, Elisa Distefano, A. Guerrier, H. E. P. Lindstrøm, N. A. Walton, N. Brouillet, G. Eynard Bontemps, T. A. Lister, F. A. Jansen, Ruth Carballo, Steve Vogt, J. M. Carrasco, G. Mantelet, M. Romero-Gómez, Ramachrisna Teixeira, Kjell Eriksson, A. Kochoska, Johannes Sahlmann, Joakim Klar, R. Gutiérrez-Sánchez, Ilaria Musella, L. Palaversa, Karri Muinonen, J. M. Martín-Fleitas, T. Sagristà Sellés, Marco Castellani, Y. Viala, Laia Casamiquela, R. Messineo, Eduard Masana, R. de Souza, H. Stoev, L. Siltala, B. Frezouls, E. Szegedi-Elek, Tomaz Zwitter, G. Kordopatis, C. Ducourant, Tatiana Muraveva, P. Burgess, J. De Ridder, E. Salguero, A. Burlacu, I-C. Shih, U. Stampa, V. Icardi, Iain A. Steele, Alessandro Sozzetti, M. Kontizas, Roberto Molinaro, F. Solitro, H. E. Delgado, G. Holland, J.-B. Lavigne, Andreas Korn, M. Biermann, E. Fraile, M. Fabrizio, Francesca Figueras, R. Blomme, P. Teyssandier, Elisabetta Caffau, G. Busso, Maroussia Roelens, Maarten A. Breddels, Simon Hodgkin, Luciana Bianchi, Olivier Bienaymé, Silvio Leccia, C. Le Poncin-Lafitte, Morgan Fraser, M. Ramos-Lerate, M. Gomes, N. Cheek, J. Osinde, Jérôme Berthier, Kevin Benson, Christos Siopis, P. Balm, E. Gosset, Yassine Damerdji, Richard I. Anderson, C. Zurbach, Jonas Debosscher, G. Cocozza, William O'Mullane, Andrea Chiavassa, F.E. van Leeuwen, Diego Bossini, Federica Spoto, G. Jevardat de Fombelle, Nicoletta Sanna, J. Guiraud, G. Tauran, K. W. Smith, E. Poujoulet, Mark Cropper, Z. Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, F. Glass, J. Gerssen, Thomas Hilger, C.A. Stephenson, D. Ordóñez-Blanco, Andrej Prsa, M. Sarasso, E. Kontizas, Luciana Federici, Paul J. McMillan, Nicolas Rambaux, Ludovic Delchambre, M. Garcia-Reinaldos, T. Pauwels, M. Farràs Casas, S. Bartholomé Muñoz, E. Livanou, E. Van Hemelryck, Roberto Morbidelli, R. Kohley, A. Garofalo, Jovan Veljanoski, Jon Marchant, Jordi Portell, Ulrich Bastian, M. Lopez, Bernardino Arcay, H. Savietto, Alessandro Spagna, A. C. Lanzafame, Beatrice Bucciarelli, C. Panem, Carlos Dafonte, Y. Lasne, P. Sartoretti, E. Racero, William Thuillot, A. Gavel, J. Castañeda, Gaetano Valentini, A. Rivard, E. Poggio, N. Garralda, R. De March, S. G. Baker, S. Accart, M. Altmann, F. Filippi, George M. Seabroke, F. Thévenin, A. van Elteren, Emese Plachy, Lennart Lindegren, Isabelle Lecoeur-Taïbi, Guy Rixon, S Uzzi, M Vaschetto, Francois Mignard, E. Antiche, P. M. Marrese, N. Leclerc, Caroline Soubiran, Rene Andrae, A. Delgado, and Rossella Cancelliere
Subjects: Physics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, galaxies: dwarf, Astrophysics, Astrometry, globular clusters: general, 01 natural sciences, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Local Group, astrometry, High Energy Physics, Galaxy: kinematics and dynamics, astrometry, globular clusters: general, galaxies: dwarf, Local Group, errata, addenda, Galaxy: kinematics and dynamics, addenda, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Data release, Astrophysique, errata, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: 0, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2020
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20. Study of the mass-ratio distribution of spectroscopic binaries. I. A novel algorithm

Author: Tsevi Mazeh, Sahar Shahaf, and Simchon Faigler
Subjects: Physics, education.field_of_study, Logarithm, Basis (linear algebra), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Population, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Markov chain Monte Carlo, Function (mathematics), Mass ratio, Reduced mass, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, education, Linear combination, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Algorithm, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
Abstract: We developed a novel direct algorithm to derive the mass-ratio distribution (MRD) of short-period binaries from an observed sample of single-lined spectroscopic binaries (SB1). The algorithm considers a class of parameterized MRDs and finds the set of parameters that best fits the observed sample. The algorithm consists of four parts. First, we define a new observable, the `modified mass function', that can be calculated for each binary in the sample. We show that the distribution of the modified mass function follows the shape of the underlying MRD, turning it more advantageous than the previously used mass function, reduced mass function or reduced mass function logarithm. Second, we derive the likelihood of the sample of modified mass functions to be observed given an assumed MRD. An MCMC search enables the algorithm to find the parameters that best fit the observations. Third, we suggest to express the unknown MRD by a linear combination of a basis of functions that spans the possible MRDs. We suggest two such bases. Fourth, we show how to account for the undetected systems that have an RV amplitude below a certain threshold. Without the correction, this observational bias suppresses the derived MRD for low mass ratios. Numerous simulations show that the algorithm works well with either of the two suggested bases. The four parts of the algorithm are independent, but the combination of the four turn the algorithm to be highly effective in deriving the MRD of the binary population., Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 12 pages, 8 figures
Published: 2017
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21. SDSS J1152+0248: an eclipsing double white dwarf from the Kepler K2 campaign

Author: Steven Bloemen, Mukremin Kilic, Keaton J. Bell, Abraham Loeb, Ilya Kull, D. Maoz, Alexandros Gianninas, Brett M. Morris, Simchon Faigler, Warren R. Brown, Tsevi Mazeh, Na'ama Hallakoun, Fergal Mullally, John H. Debes, Eric Agol, and Thomas Kupfer
Subjects: Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy, White dwarf, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Orbital period, 01 natural sciences, Methods statistical, Photometry (optics), Stars, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Surface brightness, Spectroscopy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
Abstract: We report the discovery of the sixth known eclipsing double white dwarf (WD) system, SDSS J1152+0248, with a 2.3968 +/- 0.0003 h orbital period, in data from the Kepler Mission's K2 continuation. Analysing and modelling the K2 data together with ground-based fast photometry, spectroscopy, and radial-velocity measurements, we determine that the primary is a DA-type WD with mass M1 = 0.47 +/- 0.11 Msun, radius R1 = 0.0197 +/- 0.0035 Rsun, and cooling age t1 = 52 +/- 36 Myr. No lines are detected, to within our sensitivity, from the secondary WD, but it is likely also of type DA. Its central surface brightness, as measured from the secondary eclipse, is 0.31 of the primary's surface brightness. Its mass, radius, and cooling age, respectively, are M2 = 0.44 +/- 0.09 Msun, R2 = 0.0223 +0.0064 -0.0050 Rsun, and t2 = 230 +/- 100 Myr. SDSS J1152+0248 is a near twin of the double-lined eclipsing WD system CSS 41177., Comment: MNRAS, accepted
Published: 2016

22. Photometric detection of non-transiting short-period low-mass companions through the beaming, ellipsoidal and reflection effects in Kepler and CoRoT light curves

Author: Tsevi Mazeh and Simchon Faigler
Subjects: Physics, Brightness, Phase (waves), Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Orbital period, Amplitude, Space and Planetary Science, Planet, Reflection (physics), Harmonic, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Low Mass
Abstract: We present a simple algorithm, BEER, to search for a combination of the BEaming, Ellipsoidal and the Reflection/heating periodic modulations, induced by short-period non-transiting low-mass companions. The beaming effect is due to the increase (decrease) of the brightness of any light source approaching (receding from) the observer. To first order, the beaming and the reflection/heating effects modulate the stellar brightness at the orbital period, with phases separated by a quarter of a period, whereas the ellipsoidal effect is modulated with the orbital first harmonic. The phase and harmonic differences between the three modulations allow the algorithm to search for a combination of the three effects and identify stellar candidates for low-mass companions. The paper presents the algorithm, including an assignment of a likelihood factor to any possible detection, based on the expected ratio of the beaming and ellipsoidal effects, given an order-of-magnitude estimate of the three effects. As predicted by Loeb & Gaudi (2003) and Zucker, Mazeh & Alexander (2007), the Kepler and the CoRoT lightcurves are precise enough to allow detection of massive planets and brown-dwarf/low-mass-stellar companions with orbital period up to 10-30 days. To demonstrate the feasibility of the algorithm, we bring two examples of candidates found in the first 33 days of the Q1 Kepler lightcurves. Although we used relatively short timespan, the lightcurves were precise enough to enable the detection of periodic effects with amplitudes as small as one part in 10,000 of the stellar flux.
Published: 2011
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23. BEER analysis of Kepler and CoRoT light curves. III. Spectroscopic confirmation of seventy new beaming binaries discovered in CoRoT light curves

Author: Lev Tal-Or, Tsevi Mazeh, and Simchon Faigler
Subjects: Physics, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Brown dwarf, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Context (language use), Astrophysics, Photometer, Light curve, Spectral line, law.invention, Stars, Orbit, Amplitude, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, law, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: (abridged for arXiv) The BEER algorithm searches stellar light curves for the BEaming, Ellipsoidal, and Reflection photometric modulations that are caused by a short-period companion. Applying the search to the first five long-run center CoRoT fields, we identified $481$ non-eclipsing candidates with periodic flux amplitudes of $0.5-87$ mmag. Optimizing the Anglo-Australian-Telescope pointing coordinates and the AAOmega fiber-allocations with dedicated softwares, we acquired six spectra for $231$ candidates and seven spectra for another $50$ candidates in a seven-night campaign. Analysis of the red-arm AAOmega spectra, which covered the range of $8342-8842\AA{}$, yielded a radial-velocity precision of $\sim1$ km/s. Spectra containing lines of more than one star were analyzed with the two-dimensional correlation algorithm TODCOR. The measured radial velocities confirmed the binarity of seventy of the BEER candidates$-45$ single-line binaries, $18$ double-line binaries, and $7$ diluted binaries. We show that red giants introduce a major source of false candidates and demonstrate a way to improve BEER's performance in extracting higher fidelity samples from future searches of CoRoT light curves. The periods of the confirmed binaries span a range of $0.3-10$ days and show a rise in the number of binaries per $\Delta$log$P$ toward longer periods. The estimated mass ratios of the double-line binaries and the mass ratios assigned to the single-line binaries, assuming an isotropic inclination distribution, span a range of $0.03-1$. On the low-mass end, we have detected two brown-dwarf candidates on a $\sim1$ day period orbit. This is the first time non-eclipsing beaming binaries are detected in CoRoT data, and we estimate that $\sim300$ such binaries can be detected in the CoRoT long-run light curves., Comment: 28 pages, 15 figures, and 11 tables. Accepted for publication in A&A
Published: 2015

24. BEER Analysis of Kepler and CoRoT Light Curves. IV. Discovery of Four New Low-mass White-Dwarf Companions in the Kepler Data

Author: David W. Latham, Simchon Faigler, Flavien Kiefer, Steven Bloemen, Tsevi Mazeh, and Ilya Kull
Subjects: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Physics, education.field_of_study, media_common.quotation_subject, Astronomy, Population, FOS: Physical sciences, White dwarf, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Light curve, Kepler, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Primary (astronomy), ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Eccentricity (behavior), education, Low Mass, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), media_common, Eclipse, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: We report the discovery of four short-period eclipsing systems in the Kepler light curves, consisting of an A-star primary and a low-mass white dwarf (WD) secondary (dA+WD) - KIC 4169521, KOI-3818, KIC 2851474, and KIC 9285587. The systems show BEaming, Ellipsoidal and Reflection (BEER) phase modulations together with primary and secondary eclipses. These add to the 6 Kepler and 18 WASP short-period eclipsing dA+WD binaries that were previously known. The light curves, together with follow-up spectroscopic observations, allow us to derive the masses, radii, and effective temperatures of the two components of the four systems. The orbital periods, of 1.17-3.82 days, and WD masses, of 0.19-0.22 Msun, are similar to those of the previously known systems. The WD radii of KOI-3818, KIC 2851474, and KIC 9285587 are 0.026, 0.035, and 0.026 Rsun, respectively, the smallest WD radii derived so far for short-period eclipsing dA+WD binaries. These three binaries extend the previously known population to older systems with cooler and smaller WD secondaries. KOI-3818 displays evidence for a fast-rotating primary and a minute but significant eccentricity of ~0.0015. These features are probably the outcome of the mass-transfer process., 23 pages, 7 figures and 4 tables. Accepted by The Astrophysical Journal
Published: 2015

25. Seventy new non-eclipsing BEER binaries discovered in CoRoT lightcurves and confirmed by RVs from AAOmega

Author: Tsevi Mazeh, Simchon Faigler, and Lev Tal-Or
Subjects: Physics, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Amplitude, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, QC1-999, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: We applied the BEER algorithm to the CoRoT lightcurves from the first five LRc fields and identified $481$ non-eclipsing BEER candidates with periodic lightcurve modulations and amplitudes of $0.5-87$ mmag. Medium-resolution spectra of $281$ candidates were obtained in a seven-night AAOmega radial-velocity (RV) campaign, with a precision of $\sim1$ km/s. The RVs confirmed the binarity of $70$ of the BEER candidates, with periods of $0.3-10$ days., Comment: 2 pages, 1 figure, to appear in the CoRoT Symposium 3, Kepler KASC-7 joint meeting, EPJ Web of Conferences
Published: 2015

26. BEER analysis of Kepler and CoRoT light curves: II. Evidence for superrotation in the phase curves of three Kepler hot Jupiters

Author: Tsevi Mazeh and Simchon Faigler
Subjects: Physics, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Light curve, 01 natural sciences, Exoplanet, Photometry (optics), Radial velocity, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Hot Jupiter, Reflection (physics), Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Planetary mass, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: We analyzed the Kepler light curves of four transiting hot Jupiter systems --- KOI-13, HAT-P-7, TrES-2, and Kepler-76, which show BEaming, Ellipsoidal and Reflection (BEER) phase modulations. The mass of the four planets can be estimated from either the beaming or the ellipsoidal amplitude, given the mass and radius of their parent stars. For KOI-13, HAT-P-7, and Kepler-76 we find that the beaming-based planetary mass estimate is larger than the mass estimated from the ellipsoidal amplitude, consistent with previous studies. This apparent discrepancy may be explained by equatorial superrotation of the planet atmosphere, which induces an angle shift of the planet reflection/emission phase modulation, as was suggested for Kepler-76 in the first paper of this series. We propose a modified BEER model that supports superrotation, assuming either a Lambertian or geometric reflection/emission phase function, and provides a photometry-consistent estimate of the planetary mass. Our analysis shows that for Kepler-76 and HAT-P-7, the Lambertian superrotation BEER model is highly preferable over an unshifted null model, while for KOI-13 it is preferable only at a 1.4 sigma level. For TrES-2 we do not find such preference. For all four systems the Lambertian superrotation model mass estimates are in excellent agreement with the planetary masses derived from, or constrained by, radial velocity measurements. This makes the Lambertian superrotation BEER model a viable tool for estimating the masses of hot Jupiters from photometry alone. We conclude that hot Jupiter superrotation may be a common phenomenon that can be detected in the visual light curves of Kepler., Accepted for publication in ApJ. 4 tables and 2 figures
Published: 2014

27. CoRoT 101186644: A transiting low-mass dense M-dwarf on an eccentric 20.7-day period orbit around a late F-star Discovered in the CoRoT lightcurves

Author: M. Fridlund, M. Deleuil, François Bouchy, Roi Alonso, G. Hebrard, Hans J. Deeg, Tsevi Mazeh, J. Cabrera, C. Moutou, Simchon Faigler, Lev Tal-Or, Brandon Tingley, A. Santerne, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, Period (periodic table), [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Radius, Astrophysics, Star (graph theory), 01 natural sciences, Planetary systems - Stars: individual: CoRoT 101186644 - binaries: eclipsing - Techniques: photometric - Techniques: radial velocities, Stars, Orbit, Space and Planetary Science, Primary (astronomy), Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Low Mass, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract: We present the study of the CoRoT transiting planet candidate 101186644, also named LRc01_E1_4780. Analysis of the CoRoT lightcurve and the HARPS spectroscopic follow-up observations of this faint (m$_V$ = 16) candidate revealed an eclipsing binary composed of a late F-type primary (T$_{eff}$ = 6090 {plusmn} 200 K) and a low-mass, dense late M-dwarf secondary on an eccentric (e = 0.4) orbit with a period of ~{}20.7 days. The M-dwarf has a mass of 0.096 {plusmn} 0.011 M$_{⊙}$, and a radius of 0.104$_{-0.006}$$^{+0.026}$ R$_{⊙}$, which possibly makes it the smallest and densest late M-dwarf reported so far. Unlike the claim that theoretical models predict radii that are 5-15% smaller than measured for low-mass stars, this one seems to have a radius that is consistent and might even be below the radius predicted by theoretical models. Based on observations made with the 1-m telescope at the Wise Observatory, Israel, the Swiss 1.2-m Leonhard Euler telescope at La Silla Observatory, Chile, the IAC-80 telescope at the Observatory del Teide, Canarias, Spain, and the 3.6-m telescope at La Silla Observatory (ESO), Chile (program 184.C-0639).
Published: 2013
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28. BEER analysis of Kepler and CoRoT light curves: I. Discovery of Kepler-76b: A hot Jupiter with evidence for superrotation

Author: D. W. Latham, Simchon Faigler, Lars A. Buchhave, Tsevi Mazeh, and Lev Tal-Or
Subjects: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Physics, Infrared, Brown dwarf, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Orbital period, Light curve, 01 natural sciences, Amplitude, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Hot Jupiter, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: We present the first case in which the BEER algorithm identified a hot Jupiter in the Kepler light curve, and its reality was confirmed by orbital solutions based on follow-up spectroscopy. The companion Kepler-76b was identified by the BEER algorithm, which detected the BEaming (sometimes called Doppler boosting) effect together with the Ellipsoidal and Reflection/emission modulations (BEER), at an orbital period of 1.54 days, suggesting a planetary companion orbiting the 13.3 mag F star. Further investigation revealed that this star appeared in the Kepler eclipsing binary catalog with estimated primary and secondary eclipse depths of 5e-3 and 1e-4 respectively. Spectroscopic radial-velocity follow-up observations with TRES and SOPHIE confirmed Kepler-76b as a transiting 2.0+/-0.26 Mjup hot Jupiter. The mass of a transiting planet can be estimated from either the beaming or the ellipsoidal amplitude. The ellipsoidal-based mass estimate of Kepler-76b is consistent with the spectroscopically measured mass while the beaming-based estimate is significantly inflated. We explain this apparent discrepancy as evidence for the superrotation phenomenon, which involves eastward displacement of the hottest atmospheric spot of a tidally-locked planet by an equatorial super-rotating jet stream. This phenomenon was previously observed only for HD 189733b in the infrared. We show that a phase shift of 10.3+/-2.0 degrees of the planet reflection/emission modulation, due to superrotation, explains the apparently inflated beaming modulation, resolving the ellipsoidal/beaming amplitude discrepancy. Kepler-76b is one of very few confirmed planets in the Kepler light curves that show BEER modulations and the first to show superrotation evidence in the Kepler band. Its discovery illustrates for the first time the ability of the BEER algorithm to detect short-period planets and brown dwarfs., 28 pages, 6 tables and 7 figures. Planet name changed to Kepler-76b. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Published: 2013

29. Dearth of short-period Neptunian exoplanets: A desert in period-mass and period-radius planes

Author: Simchon Faigler, Tsevi Mazeh, and Tomer Holczer
Subjects: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Physics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Desert (particle physics), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Radius, Orbital period, 01 natural sciences, Exoplanet, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Neptune, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Hot Jupiter, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Planetary mass, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: A few studies have reported a significant dearth of exoplanets with Neptune mass and radius with orbital periods below $2$--$4$ d. This cannot be explained by observational biases because many Neptunian planets with longer orbital periods have been detected. The existence of this desert is similar to the appearance of the so-called brown-dwarf desert that suggests different formation mechanisms of planets and stellar companions with short orbital periods. Similarly, the Neptunian desert might indicate different mechanisms of formation and evolution for hot Jupiters and short-period super-Earths. We here follow a previous study and examine the location and shape of the desert in both the period-mass and period-radius planes, using the currently available large samples of planets. The desert in the period-mass plane has a relatively sharp upper edge, with a planetary mass that is inversely proportional to the planetary orbital period, while the lower, somewhat blurred, boundary is located along masses that are apparently linearly proportional to the period. The desert in the period-radius plane of the transiting planets is less clear. It seems as if the radius along the upper boundary is inversely proportional to the period to the power of one-third, while the lower boundary shows a radius that is proportional to the period to the power of two-thirds. The combination of the two upper bounds of the desert, in the period-mass and period-radius planes, yields a planetary mass-radius relation of $R_{\rm p}/R_{\rm Jup}\simeq (1.2\pm0.3)(M_{\rm p}/M_{\rm Jup})^{0.27\pm0.11}\,$ for $ 0.1\lesssim M_{\rm p}/M_{\rm Jup}\lesssim 1$. The derived shape of the desert, which might extend up to periods of $5$--$10$ d, could shed some light on the formation and evolution of close-in planets., 8 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication by Astronomy & Astrophysics
Published: 2016
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30. Seven new binaries discovered in the Kepler light curves through the BEER method confirmed by radial-velocity observations

Author: Simchon Faigler, Lev Tal-Or, Tsevi Mazeh, D. W. Latham, and Samuel N. Quinn
Subjects: Physics, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Brightness, Brown dwarf, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Light curve, Radial velocity, Photometry (optics), symbols.namesake, Stars, Space and Planetary Science, Planet, symbols, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Doppler effect, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: We present seven newly discovered non-eclipsing short-period binary systems with low-mass companions, identified by the recently introduced BEER algorithm, applied to the publicly available 138-day photometric light curves obtained by the Kepler mission. The detection is based on the beaming effect (sometimes called Doppler boosting), which increases (decreases) the brightness of any light source approaching (receding from) the observer, enabling a prediction of the stellar Doppler radial-velocity modulation from its precise photometry. The BEER algorithm identifies the BEaming periodic modulation, with a combination of the well known Ellipsoidal and Reflection/heating periodic effects, induced by short-period companions. The seven detections were confirmed by spectroscopic radial-velocity follow-up observations, indicating minimum secondary masses in the range of 0.07-0.4 Msun. The discovered binaries establish for the first time the feasibility of the BEER algorithm as a new detection method for short-period non-eclipsing binaries, with the potential to detect in the near future non-transiting brown dwarfs secondaries, or even massive planets., Comment: 24 pages, 4 figures and 5 tables; Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Published: 2011
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31. FramePlus: aligning DNA to protein sequences

Author: Simchon Faigler, Eran Halperin, and Raveh Gill-More
Subjects: Statistics and Probability, Source code, Sequence analysis, media_common.quotation_subject, Software Validation, Sequence alignment, Computational biology, Biology, Biochemistry, Sensitivity and Specificity, Annotation, Computer Communication Networks, Predictive Value of Tests, Sequence Analysis, Protein, Molecular Biology, Alignment-free sequence analysis, media_common, Genetics, Expressed Sequence Tags, Expressed sequence tag, Multiple sequence alignment, Computational Biology, Frameshifting, Ribosomal, Structural Classification of Proteins database, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Computer Science Applications, Computational Mathematics, Computational Theory and Mathematics, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Sequence Alignment, Algorithms
Abstract: Motivation: Automated annotation of Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) is becoming increasingly important as EST databases continue to grow rapidly. A common approach to annotation is to align the gene fragments against well-documented databases of protein sequences. The sensitivity of the alignment algorithm is key to the success of such methods. Results: This paper introduces a new algorithm, FramePlus, for DNA–protein sequence alignment. The SCOP database was used to develop a general framework for testing the sensitivity of such alignment algorithms when searching large databases. Using this framework, the performance of FramePlus was found to be somewhat better than other algorithms in the presence of moderate and high rates of frameshift errors, and comparable to Translated Searchin the absence of sequencing errors. Availability: The source code for FramePlus and the testing datasets are freely available at ftp.compugen.co.il/pub/research. Contact: raveh@compugen.co.il
Published: 2000

32. Detection of the ellipsoidal and the relativistic beaming effects in the CoRoT-3 lightcurve

Author: Simchon Faigler and Tsevi Mazeh
Subjects: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Orbital period, Ellipsoid, Relativistic beaming, Amplitude, Space and Planetary Science, Modulation (music), Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: CoRoT-3b is a 22 Jupiter-mass massive-planet/brown-dwarf object, orbiting an F3-star with a period of 4.3 days. We analyzed the out-of-transit CoRoT-3 red-channel lightcurve obtained by the CoRoT mission and detected the ellipsoidal modulation, with half the orbital period and amplitude of 59+/-9 ppm (parts per million) and the relativistic beaming effect, with the orbital period and an amplitude of 27+/-9 ppm. Phases and amplitudes of both modulations were consistent with our theoretical approximation., Comment: Published in Astronomy & Astrophysics. 5 pages, 2 figures
Published: 2010
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32 results on '"Simchon Faigler"'

1. Different Planetary Eccentricity-period (PEP) Distributions of Small and Giant Planets

2. 15 000 ellipsoidal binary candidates in TESS: Orbital periods, binary fraction, and tertiary companions

3. A red giant orbiting a black hole

4. SB 796: a high-velocity RRc star

5. Features of Gaia DR3 Spectroscopic Binaries I. Tidal circularization of Main-Sequence Stars

6. Gaia Early Data Release 3 The Gaia Catalogue of Nearby Stars

7. Search for dormant black holes in ellipsoidal variables I. Revisiting the expected amplitudes of the photometric modulation

8. Uncovering astrometric black hole binaries with massive main-sequence companions with Gaia

9. Probable dormant neutron star in a short-period binary system

10. A Sun-like star orbiting a black hole

11. fBLS — a fast folding algorithm to produce BLS periodograms in search for transiting planets

12. Does the HR 6819 triple system contain a dormant black hole? Not necessarily

13. FramePlus: aligning DNA to protein sequences.

14. The Galactic Anticentre

15. Gaia early data release 3: summary of the contents and survey properties (Corrigendum)

16. Search for Dormant Black Holes in Ellipsoidal Variables III. The OGLE BULGE Short-Period Sample

17. Gaia Early Data Release 3: Acceleration of the solar system from Gaia astrometry

18. Triage of Astrometric Binaries - how to find triple systems and dormant black-hole secondaries in the Gaia orbits

19. Gaia Data Release 2

20. Study of the mass-ratio distribution of spectroscopic binaries. I. A novel algorithm

21. SDSS J1152+0248: an eclipsing double white dwarf from the Kepler K2 campaign

22. Photometric detection of non-transiting short-period low-mass companions through the beaming, ellipsoidal and reflection effects in Kepler and CoRoT light curves

23. BEER analysis of Kepler and CoRoT light curves. III. Spectroscopic confirmation of seventy new beaming binaries discovered in CoRoT light curves

24. BEER Analysis of Kepler and CoRoT Light Curves. IV. Discovery of Four New Low-mass White-Dwarf Companions in the Kepler Data

25. Seventy new non-eclipsing BEER binaries discovered in CoRoT lightcurves and confirmed by RVs from AAOmega

26. BEER analysis of Kepler and CoRoT light curves: II. Evidence for superrotation in the phase curves of three Kepler hot Jupiters

27. CoRoT 101186644: A transiting low-mass dense M-dwarf on an eccentric 20.7-day period orbit around a late F-star Discovered in the CoRoT lightcurves

28. BEER analysis of Kepler and CoRoT light curves: I. Discovery of Kepler-76b: A hot Jupiter with evidence for superrotation

29. Dearth of short-period Neptunian exoplanets: A desert in period-mass and period-radius planes

30. Seven new binaries discovered in the Kepler light curves through the BEER method confirmed by radial-velocity observations

31. FramePlus: aligning DNA to protein sequences

32. Detection of the ellipsoidal and the relativistic beaming effects in the CoRoT-3 lightcurve

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32 results on '"Simchon Faigler"'

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