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1. Analysis Facilities White Paper

Author

Ciangottini, D., Forti, A., Heinrich, L., Skidmore, N., Alpigiani, C., Aly, M., Benjamin, D., Bockelman, B., Bryant, L., Catmore, J., D'Alfonso, M., Peris, A. Delgado, Doglioni, C., Duckeck, G., Elmer, P., Eschle, J., Feickert, M., Frost, J., Gardner, R., Garonne, V., Giffels, M., Gooding, J., Gramstad, E., Gray, L., Hegner, B., Held, A., Hernández, J., Holzman, B., Hu, F., Jashal, B. K., Kondratyev, D., Kourlitis, E., Kreczko, L., Krommydas, I., Kuhr, T., Lancon, E., Lange, C., Lange, D., Lange, J., Lenzi, P., Linden, T., Outschoorn, V. Martinez, McKee, S., Molina, J. F., Neubauer, M., Novak, A., Osborne, I., Ould-Saada, F., Pages, A. P., Pedro, K., Yzquierdo, A. Perez-Calero, Piperov, S., Pivarski, J., Rodrigues, E., Sahoo, N., Sciaba, A., Schulz, M., Sexton-Kennedy, L., Shadura, O., Šimko, T., Smith, N., Spiga, D., Stark, G., Stewart, G., Vukotic, I., and Watts, G.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

This white paper presents the current status of the R&D for Analysis Facilities (AFs) and attempts to summarize the views on the future direction of these facilities. These views have been collected through the High Energy Physics (HEP) Software Foundation's (HSF) Analysis Facilities forum, established in March 2022, the Analysis Ecosystems II workshop, that took place in May 2022, and the WLCG/HSF pre-CHEP workshop, that took place in May 2023. The paper attempts to cover all the aspects of an analysis facility.

Published
2024

2. Data Preservation in High Energy Physics

Author

Basaglia, T., Bellis, M., Blomer, J., Boyd, J., Bozzi, C., Britzger, D., Campana, S., Cartaro, C., Chen, G., Couturier, B., David, G., Diaconu, C., Dobrin, A., Duellmann, D., Ebert, M., Elmer, P., Fernandes, J., Fields, L., Fokianos, P., Ganis, G., Geiser, A., Gheata, M., Lopez, J. B. Gonzalez, Hara, T., Heinrich, L., Herner, K., Hildreth, M., Jayatilaka, B., Kado, M., Keeble, O., Kohls, A., Naim, K., Lange, C., Lassila-Perini, K., Levonian, S., Maggi, M., Marshall, Z., Vila, P. Mato, Mečionis, A., Morris, A., Piano, S., Potekhin, M., Schröder, M., Schwickerath, U., Sexton-Kennedy, E., Šimko, T., Smith, T., South, D., Verbytskyi, A., Vidal, M., Vivace, A., Wang, L., Watt, G., and Wenaus, T.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Data preservation is a mandatory specification for any present and future experimental facility and it is a cost-effective way of doing fundamental research by exploiting unique data sets in the light of the continuously increasing theoretical understanding. This document summarizes the status of data preservation in high energy physics. The paradigms and the methodological advances are discussed from a perspective of more than ten years of experience with a structured effort at international level. The status and the scientific return related to the preservation of data accumulated at large collider experiments are presented, together with an account of ongoing efforts to ensure long-term analysis capabilities for ongoing and future experiments. Transverse projects aimed at generic solutions, most of which are specifically inspired by open science and FAIR principles, are presented as well. A prospective and an action plan are also indicated.

Published
2023
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3. HEP Software Foundation Community White Paper Working Group - Data and Software Preservation to Enable Reuse

Author

Hildreth, M. D., Boehnlein, A., Cranmer, K., Dallmeier, S., Gardner, R., Hacker, T., Heinrich, L., Jimenez, I., Kane, M., Katz, D. S., Malik, T., Maltzahn, C., Neubauer, M., Neubert, S., Pivarski, Jim, Sexton, E., Shiers, J., Simko, T., Smith, S., South, D., Verbytskyi, A., Watts, G., and Wozniak, J.

Subjects
Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract

In this chapter of the High Energy Physics Software Foundation Community Whitepaper, we discuss the current state of infrastructure, best practices, and ongoing developments in the area of data and software preservation in high energy physics. A re-framing of the motivation for preservation to enable re-use is presented. A series of research and development goals in software and other cyberinfrastructure that will aid in the enabling of reuse of particle physics analyses and production software are presented and discussed.

Published
2018

4. CERN Document Server: validation and OAI

Author

Baron, Thomas and Simko, T.

Subjects
L. Information technology and library technology, H. Information sources, supports, channels.
Abstract

The authors present CERN Document Server: how it works, its validation and its relation with OAI.

Published
2001

7. HEP Software Foundation Community White Paper Working Group - Data and Software Preservation to Enable Reuse

Author

Hildreth, M. D., primary, Boehnlein, A., additional, Cranmer, K., additional, Dallmeier-Tiessen, S., additional, Gardner, R., additional, Hacker, T., additional, Heinrich, L., additional, Jimenez, I., additional, Kane, M., additional, Katz, D. S., additional, Malik, T., additional, Maltzahn, C., additional, Neubauer, M., additional, Neubert, S., additional, Pivarski, Jim, additional, Sexton-Kennedy, E., additional, Shiers, J., additional, Simko, T., additional, Smith, S., additional, South, D., additional, Verbytskyi, A., additional, Watts, G., additional, and Wozniak, J., additional

Published
2018
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8. Applying solar pv to heat pump and storage technologies in australian houses

Author

Simko, T, Luther, Mark, Li, Hong Xian, Horan, Peter, Simko, T, Luther, Mark, Li, Hong Xian, and Horan, Peter

Abstract

Innovative mechanical services coupled with renewable energy systems are crucial for achieving a net zero energy goal for houses. Conventional systems tend to be vastly oversized because they lack the means to buffer energy flows and are based on peak loads. This paper presents an approach to achieve a net zero energy goal for houses by using a solar PV system, heat pumps, and thermal and electrical storage batteries, all off-the-shelf. Constraining one part of the system and then showing how to manage energy storage and flow is a paradigm shift in sizing. The design is for a modest-sized house built in Melbourne, Australia. The output of a solar photovoltaic array drives a small-scale heat pump to heat water, buffering its energy in a thermal battery to energise a radiant space heating system. Space cooling is provided by a separate heat pump. Through energy storage in electrical and thermal batteries, it is possible to meet the electricity, heating and cooling needs of the house for the Melbourne climate with a heat pump that draws less than 1 kW. The design methodology is detailed in an appendix and can be applied to similar projects. This paper contributes to similar work worldwide that aims to reinforce innovative renewable energy driven service design.

Published
2021

9. Open Data and Data Analysis Preservation Services for LHC Experiments

Author

Cowton, J. Dallmeier-Tiessen, S. Fokianos, P. Rueda, L. and Herterich, P. Kuncar, J. Simko, T. Smith, T.

Abstract

In this paper we present newly launched services for open data and for long-term preservation and reuse of high-energy-physics data analyses based on the digital library software Invenio. We track the “data continuum” practices through several progressive data analysis phases up to the final publication. The aim is to capture for subsequent generations all digital assets and associated knowledge inherent in the data analysis process, and to make a subset available rapidly to the public. The ultimate goal of the analysis preservation platform is to capture enough information about the processing steps in order to facilitate reproduction of an analysis even many years after its initial publication, permitting to extend the impact of preserved analyses through future revalidation and recasting services. A related “open data” service was launched for the bene fit of the general public.

Published
2015

10. BlogForever D4.7: Final Weblog Digital Repository Component

Author

Garcia Llopis, J., Jimenez Encinar, R., Postaci, S., Cinar, A., Kalb, H., and Simko, T.

Subjects
blog repository, blog preservation
Abstract

This report presents the implementation activities carried out for the development of the final BlogForever digital repository component. In this respect, it provides a complete description of the development performed according to the design done previously, served with a detailed list of implementation descriptions which explain in more detail what and how has been developed. Furthermore, this report outlines the adopted collaboration workflow together with the technologies utilised.

Published
2013
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11. BlogForever D4.4: Digital Repository Component Design

Author

Garcia Llopis, J., Jimenez Encinar, R., Stepanyan, K., Kim, Y., Haberfield, A., Postaci, S., Gkotsis, G., Lazaridou, P., Cinar, A., Kalb, H., Banos, V., Arango-Docio, S., Kasioumis, N., Simko, T., Banu Lateci, G., and Pinsent, E.

Subjects
blog repository
Abstract

This report describes in detail the design, architecture and features of the BlogForever's weblog digital repository (web application). First of all, we introduce the Invenio software platform and its merits, explaining the reasons why we decided it should be the basis for the BlogForever digital repository. Then we present a review of the past and current work and highlight how our fi ndings aff ected and supported some of the key decisions regarding the design of the repository. Furthermore, we analyze and illustrate how the the suggested architecture represents a robust weblog digital repository solution through its various stages: ingestion, management, preservation and dissemination. Finally, we list the various features.

Published
2013
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12. Managing an Institutional Repository with CDS Invenio

Author

Robinson, N, Le Meur, Jean-Yves, and Simko, T

Subjects
Computing and Computers
Abstract

CERN has long been committed to the free dissemination of scientific research results and theories. Towards this end, CERN's own institutional repository, the CERN Document Server (CDS) offers access to CERN works and to all related scholarly literature in the HEP domain. Hosting over 500 document collections containing more than 900,000 records, CDS provides access to anything from preprints and articles, to multimedia information such as photographs, movies, posters and brochures. The software that powers this service, CDS Invenio, is distributed freely under the GNU GPL and is currently used in approximately 15 institutions worldwide. In this paper, we discuss the use of CDS Invenio to manage a repository of scientific literature. We outline some of the issues faced during the lifecycle of a document from acquisition, processing and indexing to dissemination. In particular, we focus on the features and technology developed to meet the complexities of managing scientific information in the LHC era of large international collaborations each of which has its own distinct needs and requests.

Published
2007

14. CERN Document Server Search Technology

Author

Le Meur, J Y and Simko, T

Subjects
Computing and Computers
Abstract

In a first part, Jean-Yves Le Meur introduces CERN Document Server Search module, its history, scope and software architecture. In a second part, Tibor Simko details the search technology itself, its index design and some performance issues.

Published
2004

15. Determination of the overall heat transmission coefficient (u-value) of vacuum glazing

Author

Simko, T. M., Elmahdy, A. H., and Collins, R. E.

Subjects
Heat performance, Performance thermique
Abstract

The heat flow through a 1m x 1m sample of vacuum glazing has been measured in two independent ways. One measurement method uses a guarded hot box to make a direct determination of overall heat-transmission coefficient under standard test conditions. The other method uses a small-area guarded hot plate (specially designed for this purpose) to measure the local radiative and (negligible) gas conductance between the glass sheets. This instrument is also used to validate calculations of the heat flow through the support pillars. The overall heat flow is then obtained by combining the contributions from these processes with those due to heat flow through the conducting edge seal. The results obtained with the two methods are in very good agreement for the same external conditions. These results provide the first independent validation of estimates of heat flow through vacuum glazing based on the five separate processes that contribute to this heat transfer., ASHRAE Symposium: 01 June 1998, Toronto, Ontario

Published
1999

16. Volumetric calibration of a propellant utilization system

Author

Lenning, J. J and Simko, T

Subjects
Mechanics
Abstract

Method of calibrating capacitance-type propellant mass sensors provides meaningful mass units accurate to within one percent of the total load. Neither special propellant loading nor test firing is required. Recalibration of the system is possible without special propellant loading. This method provides increased flexibility for vehicle operation.

Published
1970

19. Heat Conduction Through the Support Pillars in Vacuum Glazing.

Author

Wilson, C. F. and Simko, T. M.

Subjects
*HEAT conduction, *SOLAR energy, *SCIENTIFIC experimentation
Abstract

Discusses the methods of calculating the thermal resistance associated with the transport of heat across a glazing edge effects. Discussion on the pillar thermal resistance; Calculation of surface temperatures; Conclusion.

Published
1998
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21. OPERA tau neutrino charged current interactions

Author

A. Iuliano, S. Simone, S. Vasina, J. L. Vuilleumier, K. Ozaki, T. Fukuda, Chiara Sirignano, M. T. Muciaccia, L. Stanco, A. Sotnikov, Gaston Wilquet, M. Nakamura, G. Sirri, Artem Chukanov, D. A. Podgrudkov, J. Goldberg, Osamu Sato, Adele Lauria, Nicola D'Ambrosio, N. G. Polukhina, N. Di Marco, Antonio Ereditato, J. Ebert, Tatsuhiro Naka, R. Brugnera, A. Garfagnini, B. Klicek, Giuliana Galati, M. Spinetti, T. M. Roganova, N. Mauri, M. Chernyavskiy, G. Grella, A. M. Anokhina, Alessandro Paoloni, Masahiro Komatsu, C. S. Yoon, E. Shibayama, Toshiyuki Nakano, F. Mizutani, F. Pupilli, G. De Lellis, M. Tenti, Maria Cristina Montesi, Tomoko Ariga, M. De Serio, P. F. Loverre, S. Tufanli, D. Duchesneau, Akitaka Ariga, I. Tsanaktsidis, Kunihiro Morishima, C. Kamiscioglu, N. Agafonova, Shigeki Aoki, Seok Kim, S. Gorbunov, M. Pozzato, P. Monacelli, V. A. Matveev, Timur Dzhatdoev, Cristiano Bozza, Y. A. Gornushkin, N. M. Okateva, Nobuko Kitagawa, Krešimir Jakovčić, A. Lavasa, A. Longhin, Utku Kose, V. Gentile, L. Pasqualini, T. Shiraishi, A. Hollnagel, L. Patrizii, Satoru Takahashi, G. Mandrioli, A. Schembri, A. Buonaura, Gianfranca De Rosa, S. Dusini, T. Matsuo, C. Gustavino, T. Hayakawa, N. I. Starkov, Salvatore Buontempo, Anselmo Meregaglia, T. V. Shchedrina, Pierre Vilain, Andrey Ustyuzhanin, S. Ogawa, A. M. Guler, A. Alexandrov, S. Dmitrievsky, B. D. Park, Naotaka Naganawa, M. Roda, P. Strolin, Marcos Dracos, Motoaki Miyanishi, O. G. Ryazhskaya, R. A. Fini, E. Medinaceli, Hiroki Rokujo, Simona Maria Stellacci, A. S. Malgin, I. Shakirianova, Alessandro Pastore, F. Fornari, Mario Stipčević, D. Di Ferdinando, Katsumi Ishiguro, S. Mikado, I. Kreslo, M. Vidal García, A. Di Crescenzo, H. Pessard, T. Šimko, P. Del Amo Sanchez, V. Tioukov, K. Kodama, Caren Hagner, T. Hara, L. Consiglio, F. Terranova, A. Bertolin, Kimio Niwa, H. Shibuya, E. Voevodina, M. Kamiscioglu, Cécile Jollet, L. Votano, F. Laudisio, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), OPERA, Agafonova, N, Alexandrov, A, Anokhina, A, Aoki, S, Ariga, A, Ariga, T, Bertolin, A, Bozza, C, Brugnera, R, Buonaura, A, Buontempo, S, Chernyavskiy, M, Chukanov, A, Consiglio, L, D'Ambrosio, N, De Lellis, G, De Serio, M, del Amo Sanchez, P, Di Crescenzo, A, Di Ferdinando, D, Di Marco, N, Dmitrievsky, S, Dracos, M, Duchesneau, D, Dusini, S, Dzhatdoev, T, Ebert, J, Ereditato, A, Fini, R, Fornari, F, Fukuda, T, Galati, G, Garfagnini, A, Gentile, V, Goldberg, J, Gorbunov, S, Gornushkin, Y, Grella, G, Guler, A, Gustavino, C, Hagner, C, Hara, T, Hayakawa, T, Hollnagel, A, Ishiguro, K, Iuliano, A, Jakovcic, K, Jollet, C, Kamiscioglu, C, Kamiscioglu, M, Kim, S, Kitagawa, N, Klicek, B, Kodama, K, Komatsu, M, Kose, U, Kreslo, I, Laudisio, F, Lauria, A, Lavasa, A, Longhin, A, Loverre, P, Malgin, A, Mandrioli, G, Matsuo, T, Matveev, V, Mauri, N, Medinaceli, E, Meregaglia, A, Mikado, S, Miyanishi, M, Mizutani, F, Monacelli, P, Montesi, M, Morishima, K, Muciaccia, M, Naganawa, N, Naka, T, Nakamura, M, Nakano, T, Niwa, K, Ogawa, S, Okateva, N, Ozaki, K, Paoloni, A, Park, B, Pasqualini, L, Pastore, A, Patrizii, L, Pessard, H, Podgrudkov, D, Polukhina, N, Pozzato, M, Pupilli, F, Roda, M, Roganova, T, Rokujo, H, Rosa, G, Ryazhskaya, O, Sato, O, Shakirianova, I, Schembri, A, Shchedrina, T, Shibayama, E, Shibuya, H, Shiraishi, T, Simko, T, Simone, S, Sirignano, C, Sirri, G, Sotnikov, A, Spinetti, M, Stanco, L, Starkov, N, Stellacci, S, Stipcevic, M, Strolin, P, Takahashi, S, Tenti, M, Terranova, F, Tioukov, V, Tsanaktsidis, I, Tufanli, S, Ustyuzhanin, A, Vasina, S, Vidal Garcia, M, Vilain, P, Voevodina, E, Votano, L, Vuilleumier, J, Wilquet, G, Yoon, C, Agafonova, N., Alexandrov, A., Anokhina, A., Aoki, S., Ariga, A., Ariga, T., Bertolin, A., Bozza, C., Brugnera, R., Buonaura, A., Buontempo, S., Chernyavskiy, M., Chukanov, A., Consiglio, L., D'Ambrosio, N., De Lellis, G., De Serio, M., del Amo Sanchez, P., Di Crescenzo, A., Di Ferdinando, D., Di Marco, N., Dmitrievsky, S., Dracos, M., Duchesneau, D., Dusini, S., Dzhatdoev, T., Ebert, J., Ereditato, A., Fini, R. A., Fornari, F., Fukuda, T., Galati, G., Garfagnini, A., Gentile, V., Goldberg, J., Gorbunov, S., Gornushkin, Y., Grella, G., Guler, A. M., Gustavino, C., Hagner, C., Hara, T., Hayakawa, T., Hollnagel, A., Ishiguro, K., Iuliano, A., Jakovcic, K., Jollet, C., Kamiscioglu, C., Kamiscioglu, M., Kim, S. H., Kitagawa, N., Klicek, B., Kodama, K., Komatsu, M., Kose, U., Kreslo, I., Laudisio, F., Lauria, A., Lavasa, A., Longhin, A., Loverre, P., Malgin, A., Mandrioli, G., Matsuo, T., Matveev, V., Mauri, N., Medinaceli, E., Meregaglia, A., Mikado, S., Miyanishi, M., Mizutani, F., Monacelli, P., Montesi, M. C., Morishima, K., Muciaccia, M. T., Naganawa, N., Naka, T., Nakamura, M., Nakano, T., Niwa, K., Ogawa, S., Okateva, N., Ozaki, K., Paoloni, A., Park, B. D., Pasqualini, L., Pastore, A., Patrizii, L., Pessard, H., Podgrudkov, D., Polukhina, N., Pozzato, M., Pupilli, F., Roda, M., Roganova, T., Rokujo, H., Rosa, G., Ryazhskaya, O., Sato, O., Shakirianova, I., Schembri, A., Shchedrina, T., Shibayama, E., Shibuya, H., Shiraishi, T., Simko, T., Simone, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Sotnikov, A., Spinetti, M., Stanco, L., Starkov, N., Stellacci, S. M., Stipcevic, M., Strolin, P., Takahashi, S., Tenti, M., Terranova, F., Tioukov, V., Tsanaktsidis, I., Tufanli, S., Ustyuzhanin, A., Vasina, S., Vidal Garcia, M., Vilain, P., Voevodina, E., Votano, L., Vuilleumier, J. L., Wilquet, G., Yoon, C. S., Agafonova N., Alexandrov A., Anokhina A., Aoki S., Ariga A., Ariga T., Bertolin A., Bozza C., Brugnera R., Buonaura A., Buontempo S., Chernyavskiy M., Chukanov A., Consiglio L., D'Ambrosio N., De Lellis G., De Serio M., del Amo Sanchez P., Di Crescenzo A., Di Ferdinando D., Di Marco N., Dmitrievsky S., Dracos M., Duchesneau D., Dusini S., Dzhatdoev T., Ebert J., Ereditato A., Fini R.A., Fornari F., Fukuda T., Galati G., Garfagnini A., Gentile V., Goldberg J., Gorbunov S., Gornushkin Y., Grella G., Guler A.M., Gustavino C., Hagner C., Hara T., Hayakawa T., Hollnagel A., Ishiguro K., Iuliano A., Jakovcic K., Jollet C., Kamiscioglu C., Kamiscioglu M., Kim S.H., Kitagawa N., Klicek B., Kodama K., Komatsu M., Kose U., Kreslo I., Laudisio F., Lauria A., Lavasa A., Longhin A., Loverre P., Malgin A., Mandrioli G., Matsuo T., Matveev V., Mauri N., Medinaceli E., Meregaglia A., Mikado S., Miyanishi M., Mizutani F., Monacelli P., Montesi M.C., Morishima K., Muciaccia M.T., Naganawa N., Naka T., Nakamura M., Nakano T., Niwa K., Ogawa S., Okateva N., Ozaki K., Paoloni A., Park B.D., Pasqualini L., Pastore A., Patrizii L., Pessard H., Podgrudkov D., Polukhina N., Pozzato M., Pupilli F., Roda M., Roganova T., Rokujo H., Rosa G., Ryazhskaya O., Sato O., Shakirianova I., Schembri A., Shchedrina T., Shibayama E., Shibuya H., Shiraishi T., Simko T., Simone S., Sirignano C., Sirri G., Sotnikov A., Spinetti M., Stanco L., Starkov N., Stellacci S.M., Stipcevic M., Strolin P., Takahashi S., Tenti M., Terranova F., Tioukov V., Tsanaktsidis I., Tufanli S., Ustyuzhanin A., Vasina S., Vidal Garcia M., Vilain P., Voevodina E., Votano L., Vuilleumier J.L., Wilquet G., and Yoon C.S.

Subjects
Statistics and Probability, Data Descriptor, Particle physics, data analysis method, CERN Lab, lead: target, Opera, Science, Library and Information Sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, OPERA, neutrino oscillation, dataset, Education, charged current, CNGS, Tau neutrino, 0103 physical sciences, tau neutrino, neutrino detector, OPERA, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 010306 general physics, Neutrino oscillation, neutrino, tau appearance, Charged current, nuclear-emulsion, energy, ratio, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, nucleus, neutrino nucleus: interaction, neutrino/mu: secondary beam, Computer Science Applications, Gran Sasso, neutrino/tau: particle identification, Phenomenology, neutrino: oscillation, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, Experimental particle physics, statistical, Beam (structure), Particle Physics - Experiment, Information Systems, experimental results
Abstract

The OPERA experiment was designed to discover the vτ appearance in a vμ beam, due to neutrino oscillations. The detector, located in the underground Gran Sasso Laboratory, consisted of a nuclear photographic emulsion/lead target with a mass of about 1.25 kt, complemented by electronic detectors. It was exposed from 2008 to 2012 to the CNGS beam: an almost pure vμ beam with a baseline of 730 km, collecting a total of 1.8·1020 protons on target. The OPERA Collaboration eventually assessed the discovery of vμ→vτ oscillations with a statistical significance of 6.1 σ by observing ten vτ CC interaction candidates. These events have been published on the Open Data Portal at CERN. This paper provides a detailed description of the vτ data sample to make it usable by the whole community., Measurement(s)tau neutrinoTechnology Type(s)detectorSample Characteristic - Environmentneutrino beamSample Characteristic - LocationLaboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14979858

Published
2021

23. School desegregation by redrawing district boundaries.

Author

Simko T

Subjects
Humans, New Jersey, Students, Algorithms, Social Segregation, United States, Hispanic or Latino, Monte Carlo Method, Markov Chains, Schools
Abstract

Schools in the United States remain heavily segregated by race and income. Previous work demonstrates districts can promote group diversity within their schools with policies like redrawing attendance zones. Yet, the promise of such policies in many areas is limited by the fact that most school segregation occurs between school districts, and not between schools in the same district. I adapt Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithms from legislative redistricting to redraw school district boundaries that decrease segregation while maintaining desirable criteria like distance to school and using only existing school facilities. Focusing on New Jersey, where the segregation of Black and Hispanic students from White and Asian students is among the worst in the country, I demonstrate that redrawing school districts could reduce more than 40% of existing segregation in the median New Jersey county, compared to less than 5% for redrawing attendance zones alone. Finally, I show how my proposed methodology can be applied to as few as two districts to reduce segregation in proposed consolidations, when small districts are merged into a larger district., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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24. Evaluating bias and noise induced by the U.S. Census Bureau's privacy protection methods.

Author

Kenny CT, McCartan C, Kuriwaki S, Simko T, and Imai K

Subjects
United States, Humans, Privacy, Censuses, Algorithms, Bias
Abstract

The U.S. Census Bureau faces a difficult trade-off between the accuracy of Census statistics and the protection of individual information. We conduct an independent evaluation of bias and noise induced by the Bureau's two main disclosure avoidance systems: the TopDown algorithm used for the 2020 Census and the swapping algorithm implemented for the three previous Censuses. Our evaluation leverages the Noisy Measurement File (NMF) as well as two independent runs of the TopDown algorithm applied to the 2010 decennial Census. We find that the NMF contains too much noise to be directly useful without measurement error modeling, especially for Hispanic and multiracial populations. TopDown's postprocessing reduces the NMF noise and produces data whose accuracy is similar to that of swapping. While the estimated errors for both TopDown and swapping algorithms are generally no greater than other sources of Census error, they can be relatively substantial for geographies with small total populations.

Published
2024
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26. Widespread partisan gerrymandering mostly cancels nationally, but reduces electoral competition.

Author

Kenny CT, McCartan C, Simko T, Kuriwaki S, and Imai K

Abstract

Congressional district lines in many US states are drawn by partisan actors, raising concerns about gerrymandering. To separate the partisan effects of redistricting from the effects of other factors including geography and redistricting rules, we compare possible party compositions of the US House under the enacted plan to those under a set of alternative simulated plans that serve as a nonpartisan baseline. We find that partisan gerrymandering is widespread in the 2020 redistricting cycle, but most of the electoral bias it creates cancels at the national level, giving Republicans two additional seats on average. Geography and redistricting rules separately contribute a moderate pro-Republican bias. Finally, we find that partisan gerrymandering reduces electoral competition and makes the partisan composition of the US House less responsive to shifts in the national vote.

Published
2023
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28. LocalView, a database of public meetings for the study of local politics and policy-making in the United States.

Author

Barari S and Simko T

Abstract

Despite the fundamental importance of American local governments for service provision in areas like education and public health, local policy-making remains difficult and expensive to study at scale due to a lack of centralized data. This article introduces LOCALVIEW, the largest existing dataset of real-time local government public meetings-the central policy-making process in local government. In sum, the dataset currently covers 139,616 videos and their corresponding textual and audio transcripts of local government meetings publicly uploaded to YouTube-the world's largest public video-sharing website-from 1,012 places and 2,861 distinct governments across the United States between 2006-2022. The data are processed, downloaded, cleaned, and publicly disseminated (at localview.net ) for analysis across places and over time. We validate this dataset using a variety of methods and demonstrate how it can be used to map local governments' attention to policy areas of interest. Finally, we discuss how LOCALVIEW may be used by journalists, academics, and other users for understanding how local communities deliberate crucial policy questions on topics including climate change, public health, and immigration., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Published
2023
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29. Simulated redistricting plans for the analysis and evaluation of redistricting in the United States.

Author

McCartan C, Kenny CT, Simko T, Garcia G 3rd, Wang K, Wu M, Kuriwaki S, and Imai K

Abstract

This article introduces the 50STATESIMULATIONS, a collection of simulated congressional districting plans and underlying code developed by the Algorithm-Assisted Redistricting Methodology (ALARM) Project. The 50STATESIMULATIONS allow for the evaluation of enacted and other congressional redistricting plans in the United States. While the use of redistricting simulation algorithms has become standard in academic research and court cases, any simulation analysis requires non-trivial efforts to combine multiple data sets, identify state-specific redistricting criteria, implement complex simulation algorithms, and summarize and visualize simulation outputs. We have developed a complete workflow that facilitates this entire process of simulation-based redistricting analysis for the congressional districts of all 50 states. The resulting 50STATESIMULATIONS include ensembles of simulated 2020 congressional redistricting plans and necessary replication data. We also provide the underlying code, which serves as a template for customized analyses. All data and code are free and publicly available. This article details the design, creation, and validation of the data., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Published
2022
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30. The use of differential privacy for census data and its impact on redistricting: The case of the 2020 U.S. Census.

Author

Kenny CT, Kuriwaki S, McCartan C, Rosenman ETR, Simko T, and Imai K

Abstract

Census statistics play a key role in public policy decisions and social science research. However, given the risk of revealing individual information, many statistical agencies are considering disclosure control methods based on differential privacy, which add noise to tabulated data. Unlike other applications of differential privacy, however, census statistics must be postprocessed after noise injection to be usable. We study the impact of the U.S. Census Bureau’s latest disclosure avoidance system (DAS) on a major application of census statistics, the redrawing of electoral districts. We find that the DAS systematically undercounts the population in mixed-race and mixed-partisan precincts, yielding unpredictable racial and partisan biases. While the DAS leads to a likely violation of the “One Person, One Vote” standard as currently interpreted, it does not prevent accurate predictions of an individual’s race and ethnicity. Our findings underscore the difficulty of balancing accuracy and respondent privacy in the Census.

Published
2021
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32. Treatment of pathologically staged IIIA Hodgkin's disease.

Author

Greenberg P, Parker RG, Northrop MF, and Simko TG

Subjects
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols administration & dosage, Combined Modality Therapy, Female, Hodgkin Disease drug therapy, Hodgkin Disease pathology, Hodgkin Disease radiotherapy, Humans, Male, Mechlorethamine administration & dosage, Prednisone administration & dosage, Procarbazine administration & dosage, Spleen pathology, Vincristine administration & dosage, Hodgkin Disease therapy
Abstract

We have reviewed the records of 37 patients with pathologically staged IIIA Hodgkin's disease, treated from 1970 to 1982. Twenty patients were staged IIIA1 and 17 staged IIIA2. Treatment consisted of total nodal irradiation in 33 patients (eight of whom received adjuvant MOPP), and mantle plus para-aortic irradiation in four patients (all of whom received adjuvant MOPP). Five-year relapse-free survival (RFS) in patients without splenic involvement was 77% versus 49% for those with splenic involvement (p = 0.43). Five-year RFS in patients treated with irradiation and chemotherapy (RT/CT) was 76% vs. 47% for patients treated with irradiation alone (p = 0.12). RFS was not influenced by sex, mediastinal involvement by tumor, or anatomic substage. Overall survival (corrected for deaths due to intercurrent disease) for the entire group of patients was 92% at 5 years and 87% at 10 years. Sex, mediastinal or splenic involvement by tumor, therapy (RT vs. RT/CT), or anatomic substage did not significantly influence survival. We currently recommend RT/CT only for those patients with extensive splenic involvement and/or Stage IIIA2 disease. We feel that the poor prognosis of these patients justifies the use of RT/CT and its risk of second malignancies.

Published
1986
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