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Three approaches to computer training (behavior modeling, self-paced study, and lecturing) and a no-training control condition were compared concerning their relative performance across an array of evaluation measures in a field experiment. Learning theories of K. Lewin (1951) and D. A. Kolb (1984) were used to provide theoretical bases for the training approaches and the measures of learning. Trainees were 160 novice computer users from the U.S. Naval Construction Battalion at Gulfport, Mississippi. Measures of cognitive learning and skill demonstration were highest for behavior modeling, followed by the self-paced condition. Results were similar for measures collected immediately after training and I month after training. Satisfaction with the computer system 1 month after training was also highest for behavior modeling. Implications are discussed, especially those pertaining to transfer of cognitive and skill-based learning.

We examine the fluid-solid transition for the potential with two Yukawa terms (one attractive and the other repulsive) and a hard core by exploration of the parameter space of (K1, Z1, and Z2), i.e., the parameters of interaction strength and interaction ranges, respectively. We apply the single-phase crystallization rule of Giaquinta and Giunta (1992) by searching for the conditions where the residual entropy reaches zero. To obtain accurate entropy properties, we adopt the self-consistent closure theory of the zero-separation genre. This closure gives accurate thermodynamic properties. The Ornstein–Zernike equation is solved to obtain the correlation functions. The structure factor S(q) is examined with respect to its cluster-cluster peak, whose value is another indication of phase transition according to Hansen and Verlet (1969). We discover that the parameter Z1 (which determines the range of attractive forces) is important in crystal formation, so long as sufficient attraction (parameter K1) is present. If the range of attraction is too narrow, strength alone is not adequate to satisfy the Giaquinta rule or to solidify at given concentration and temperature. The control of the range of repulsion rests with the Z2-parameter. Its variations can bring about a high peak in S(q) at zero wave number (i.e., at q=0). Implications for the crystallization of protein and colloidal solutions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents information on an indirect method for increasing the rate of social interaction in autistic child. This article will address only one dimension of the autistic syndrome, the characteristically low frequency of social interaction. The problem of low rates of social interaction has been investigated not only in relation to autistic children but with other types of populations as well. Social scientists increased the number of social interaction of three withdrawn mental patients by prompting and directly reinforcing such behavior. The tedious process of prompting and shaping social speech, however, is unnecessary in cases in which the relevant skills are already in the S's repertoire, but are manifested at a very low rate.

When the consequences of a response become less reinforcing in the presence of one stimulus, reinforced responding in the presence of a second stimulus often increases. This phenomenon is called positive behavioral contrast. This research evaluated the effects of an analogous manipulation in an applied setting within the context of a classroom token economy. Seven severely to profoundly hearing impaired middle school students who were disruptive and low-achieving in math class served as subjects. After a pretoken economy baseline, token reinforcement was instituted at three learning stations. Reinforcement was then withdrawn from two of the three stations but continued at the remaining one. The results indicated that academic response rate increased at the station where reinforcement was continued while it decreased at the two stations where it was withdrawn. These effects were reversed when reinforcement was reinstated at all three stations. The reciprocal relationship between increases in academic performance and decreases in measures of classroom disruption previously reported in the literature was also replicated. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Why choose less money over more when no one is watching? A central tenet of economics is that this behaviour can be explained by intrinsic motivation. But what does intrinsic motivation entail? What encourages it? This paper answers these questions through a Smithian lens: moral motivation includes not only a naturally strong love of praise and dread of blame but also a natural, and stronger, love of being worthy of praise and dread of being worthy of blame, even if neither is necessarily given. I rely on quantitative and qualitative data from economic experiments to illustrate this claim. While the current scholarship on Smith has applied his theory to situations in which our actions either evoke reactions from others or have monetary consequences for them, I extend his insights to receiver games (Tjøtta 2019) and dice-rolling games (Fischbacher and Föllmi-Heusi 2013) aimed at eliciting self-regarding concerns, that is, actions affecting the interests of only ourselves. I argue that these games accentuate the strength of the love of praiseworthiness in guiding behaviour, emphasising its immediate reference to others and foundation in intentions along with outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A list of members of the editorial board of the "Journal of the National Cancer Institute" as of October 2012 is presented.

A list of editors for the "Journal of the National Cancer Institute" is presented including Carmen J. Allegra, Wendy Atkin and Bernard Levin.

A list of members of the editorial board of the "Journal of the National Cancer Institute" is presented, including Carmen J. Allegra, Patricia A. ganz and Frederic J. Kaye.

The article lists the members of the editorial board of the "Journal of the National Cancer Institute" including editor-in-chief Carmen J. Allegra, deputy editor Patricia A. Ganz, and associate editor Wendy Atkin.

A list of members of the editorial board and editorial advisory board of the "Journal of the National Cancer Institute" is presented, including Adriana Albini, Wendy Atkin and Jinbo Chen.

A list of members of the editorial board of the "Journal of the National Cancer Institute" is presented.

A list of the members of the editorial board of the "Journal of the National Cancer Institute" (JNCI) is presented, including editor-in-chief Carmen J. Allegra, economics editor Martin L. Brown and associate editor Adriana Albini.

A list of the editorial board of the "Journal of the National Cancer Institute" is presented including Adriana Albini, Wendy Atkin and Neil K. Aaronson.

A list of the editors of the "Journal of the National Cancer Institute" is presented which includes Adriana Albini, Wendy Atkin and Neil K. Aaronson.

A list of editors and editorial board members of the "Journal of the National Cancer Institute" is presented including Adriana Albini, Christopher I. Amos, and Harry B. Burke.

A list of members of the editorial and editorial advisory boards of the "Journal of the National Cancer Institute" is presented, including Adriana Albini, Wendy Atkin and Christopher I. Amos.

An index of the members of the editorial board and editorial advisory board of the Journal of the National Cancer Institute for the September 5, 2012 issue is presented.

The cover page of the August 22, 2012 issue of the "Journal of the National Cancer Institute" is presented.

A list of members of the editorial and advisory boards of the "Journal of the National Cancer Institute" is presented including Adriana Albini, Wendy Atkin and Stacey Berg.

A list of the journal's editors is presented including Adriana Albini, Ellen G. Feigal and Lisa A. Kachnic.

The front cover of the "Journal of the National Cancer Institute" (JNCI) is presented, along with the issue's editorial board and staff, and information on subscriptions.