Search

Curly and smooth kale hybrids grown in both field (conventional) and hydroponic systems were sensory-analyzed using the descriptive and affective sensory technique. The treatments comprised hydroponic-cultivated Darkibor (A), Darkibor cultivated in field (B), HS2O (C), Arielli (D) and Kobe (E), these last three cultivated under conventional system (field-cultivated). The panelists indicated the significant attributes that described the differences in kale sensory profiles. Darkibor (A) and Arielli (D) kale leaves had the lightest green color. Regarding their format, the kales were classified into smooth and curly. Both the Darkibor grown in field (B) and Arielli (D) had the most intense bitter taste. Darkibor (A) showed the highest intensity for sweet taste, followed by Arielli (D). The field-cultivated Darkibor (B) ranked the highest crispness and mouthfeel (sensation produced by a particular food in the mouth). The color and texture of the kale leaves affected purchase intention by the consumer, and the color showed a difference among the kales, with Darkibor kale (A) receiving the lowest score. Darkibor (A) obtained lower buying-likelihood scores, reinforcing that color affects consumers’ purchase intention. RESUMO Folhas de couve lisa e crespa cultivadas em sistema convencional e hidropônico foram analisadas sensorialmente utilizando a técnica sensorial descritiva e afetiva. Foram utilizados quatro híbridos de couve de folha (Brassica oleracea var. acephala), sendo eles: Darkibor em cultivo hidropônico (A), Darkibor cultivado em campo (B), e três híbridos de couve-manteiga, HS2O (C), Arielli (D) e Kobe (E), todas três cultivadas em campo. Os provadores indicaram que os atributos que descreveram o perfil sensorial das folhas de couve apresentaram diferenças significativas. As folhas de couve Darkibor (A) e Arielli (D) apresentaram cor verde mais clara; para formato as couves foram separadas em lisas e crespas; para o gosto amargo Darkibor cultivado em campo (B) e Arielli (D) apresentaram maior intensidade; para o gosto doce a Darkibor (A) apresentou maior intensidade, seguida da Arielli (D) e para crocância e sensação bucal (sensação produzida por um determinado alimento na boca) o híbrido Darkibor cultivado em campo (B) apresentou maior intensidade. No teste de aceitação, a cor foi o único atributo que apresentou diferença entre as couves, onde a couve Darkibor (A) apresentou menor nota. Para intenção de compra das couves em maço, a Darkibor (A) obteve notas inferiores, concluindo que a cor afeta a compra do consumidor.

Computational biology has gained traction as an independent scientific discipline over the last years in South America. However, there is still a growing need for bioscientists, from different backgrounds, with different levels, to acquire programming skills, which could reduce the time from data to insights and bridge communication between life scientists and computer scientists. Python is a programming language extensively used in bioinformatics and data science, which is particularly suitable for beginners. Here, we describe the conception, organization, and implementation of the Brazilian Python Workshop for Biological Data. This workshop has been organized by graduate and undergraduate students and supported, mostly in administrative matters, by experienced faculty members since 2017. The workshop was conceived for teaching bioscientists, mainly students in Brazil, on how to program in a biological context. The goal of this article was to share our experience with the 2020 edition of the workshop in its virtual format due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to compare and contrast this year’s experience with the previous in-person editions. We described a hands-on and live coding workshop model for teaching introductory Python programming. We also highlighted the adaptations made from in-person to online format in 2020, the participants’ assessment of learning progression, and general workshop management. Lastly, we provided a summary and reflections from our personal experiences from the workshops of the last 4 years. Our takeaways included the benefits of the learning from learners’ feedback (LLF) that allowed us to improve the workshop in real time, in the short, and likely in the long term. We concluded that the Brazilian Python Workshop for Biological Data is a highly effective workshop model for teaching a programming language that allows bioscientists to go beyond an initial exploration of programming skills for data analysis in the medium to long term., Author summary Bioscientists analyzing research data deal with challenges because most lack computer science background, such as programming skills, making it difficult to process their data and communicate with data analysts. Over the last few years (2017 to 2020), we assembled interdisciplinary teams of graduate and undergraduate students to develop the Brazilian Python Workshop for Biological Data. These short courses aimed to teach programming skills in a real-world setting. They were offered in Portuguese to facilitate accessibility to both Brazilians and foreigners doing research in Brazil. We accomplished these goals by emphasizing both basic programming skills and foundational concepts, alongside hands-on activities designed with biological datasets. Importantly, we were supported by experienced faculty. Although the first editions were in-person, we reformulated the 2020 edition to an online version due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. During the online 2020 edition, we taught using a variety of tools to facilitate synchronous and asynchronous communication between participants and organization and to engage participants in activities that promoted their active participation and networking. We used digital notebooks and encouraged students to put into practice shareable and reproducible research. In 2020, we also performed online surveys with participants that helped us to implement real-time improvements and perspectives of future changes based on the students’ feedback. Our workshop comprises a model for future initiatives.

Cachaça is a typical Brazilian spirit of significant economic and social relevance. The spirit may contain organic and inorganic contaminants that impair its quality, such as ethyl carbamate (EC), which is potentially carcinogenic. The study of factors that cause EC incidence is extremely important to produce cachaça with good physicochemical and sensory quality and for public health reasons. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze and quantify nitrogen (N) in sugarcane juice and correlate it with the EC levels, with copper (Cu) as precursor, in cachaça from stills, produced from the sugar of three different sugarcane varieties (RB857515, RB966928 and RB855453). We used the plantation systems without fertilization and with organic and conventional fertilization. The EC and Cu levels were below the legislation threshold and the N levels were correlated with EC formation in different planting systems.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:20:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-07-01 The objective of this study was to develop an electronic controller for microclimate control in greenhouses, as well as to verify if the automated control system affects the productivity of two varieties of lettuce Lactuca sativa. The control system was developed based on the Atmega 2560 and compatible transducers. An experimental field analysis was carried out over a production cycle for two lettuce varieties. The experimental results showed that the designed equipment worked according to the implemented programming algorithm. However, the ventilation, nebulization and shading actuators did not control environmental variables, due to under sizing. The irrigation process was correctly controlled throughout the experimental period. The electronic controller promoted increase in the productivity of lettuce varieties. There was increase of 28% in total fresh weight; 10% in stem diameter; 7 and 8% in height gain and average diameter, respectively. Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Inst Fed Santa Catarina, Campus Florianopolis, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Campus Florianopolis, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, Brazil

The volatile compounds present in cachaça can derive from the raw material used in the production of the beverage, from the fermentative process, from distillation or aging. The aim of the research was to evaluate the volatile compounds, in the cachaças from stills produced with different sugarcane varieties, under the organic and conventional managements. The varieties RB867515, RB962869 and RB85553 were cultivated in three distinct ways, planting without fertilization (OUTF); organic planting (ORGN) and conventional planting (CONV). The results showed that for the total esters, higher alcohols and coefficient of congeners present in the cachaça, the varieties and managements are dependent, unlike volatile acidity, total aldehydes, methyl alcohol and furfural. Therefore, the quality, origin and lineage of the sugarcane variety used for the production of cachaça were confirmed to influence the chemical concentrations of the volatile compounds of the beverage, modifying its chemical profile. It is worth reinforcing that none of the volatiles presented concentration above that allowed by the Brazilian legislation.

A racionalizacao no aproveitamento de recursos energeticos e fundamental em todos os setores da agricultura. O conhecimento relacionado ao controle micro ambiental em casas de vegetacao requer mao de obra qualificada, o que e um entrave em muitas regioes do Brasil. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho, desenvolver um sistema eletronico para controle microclimatico interno em casas de vegetacao, com o diferencial de possuir em sua programacao, algoritmos relacionados a fisiologia dos vegetais, bem como verificar se o sistema de controle afeta a produtividade da cultura da alface “lactuca sativa”. O sistema de controle foi desenvolvido tendo como base a plataforma de prototipagem Arduino™ Mega 2560 e transdutores compativeis. O software de funcionamento foi desenvolvido em linguagem C/C++, contendo informacoes relativas ao estadio fenologico da cultura vegetal, e proporcionando atraves de atuadores condicoes ideais de temperatura, umidade relativa do ar, umidade do solo e radiacao global. Foi realizada uma analise experimental a campo ao longo de um ciclo produtivo para duas variedades de alface. Os resultados experimentais apontaram que equipamento projetado funcionou de acordo com o algoritmo de programacao implementado, controlou corretamente os atuadores e incrementou em 26.7% a produtividade da alface tipo Americana e 29% a produtividade da alface tipo crespa

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar cinco variedades de cana-de-acucar em relacao as suas caracteristicas fisico-quimicas, tecnologicas e sensoriais, tendo em vista a producao de caldo para consumo humano. As variaveis avaliadas foram a acidez, o pH, o Brix, a Pol da cana e do caldo, os acucares redutores (AR), acucares redutores totais (ART), a pureza do caldo, a fibra da cana e os acucares totais recuperaveis (ATR). As analises foram realizadas apos extracao do caldo em moenda e pela prensa hidraulica. Para analise sensorial foi utilizado o teste de ordenacao de diferenca. Os resultados mostraram que a variedade RB855156 foi a mais indicada para sua utilizacao no periodo de inicio de safra para a extracao e consumo do caldo in natura. Essa variedade se destacou em relacao aos parâmetros tecnologicos e sensoriais. A variedade SP81-3250 comumente usada para o consumo do caldo apresentou menor somatoria para preferencias sensoriais provavelmente em consequencia dos baixos valores tecnologicos obtidos. Essa variedade apesar de ser indicada para utilizacao por garapeiros e dentre todas as outras a unica com epoca diferente de colheita, o que explica os resultados encontrados. As extracoes medias obtidas foram iguais a 55,09 e 77,08%, respectivamente para moenda e prensa hidraulica. A menor extracao proporcionou caldo com valores tecnologicos mais elevados para as variedades analisadas.

Soil phosphorus (P) is a major driver of forest development and a critically limited nutrient in tropical soils, especially when topsoil is removed by mining. This nutrient can be present in soils in the form of different fractions, which have direct consequences for P availability to plants and, consequently, for restoration success. Therefore, understanding how the stocks of different soil P fractions change over the restoration process can be essential for guiding restoration interventions, monitoring, and adaptive management. Here, we investigated the recovery of soil P fractions by forest restoration interventions on bauxite mine sites in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We assessed the concentration of different fractions of soil organic and inorganic P at (1) a bauxite mine prepared for restoration; (2) two former bauxite mines undergoing forest restoration for 6 and 24 years; and (3) an old‐growth forest remnant. Overall, restored areas recovered levels of labile organic P (Pₒ‐NaHCO₃) at 5–40 cm and of moderately labile organic P (Pₒ‐NaOH) at different depths, exhibiting concentrations similar to those found in a conserved forest. The use of P‐rich fertilizers and forest topsoil may have greatly contributed to this outcome. Some other fractions, however, recovered only after 24 years of restoration. Other inorganic P fractions did not differ among mined, restored, and conserved sites: nonlabile Pᵢ (residual P and P‐HCl), labile Pᵢ (Pᵢ‐NaHCO₃), and moderately labile Pᵢ (Pᵢ‐NaOH). Forest restoration was able to promote efficient recovery of important soil P fractions, highlighting the value of restoration efforts to mitigate soil degradation by mining.

Classical methods of analysis of nonlinear models are widely used in studies of ruminal degradation kinetics. As this type of study involves repeated measurements in the same experimental unit, the use of mixed nonlinear models (MNLM) is proposed, in order to solve problems of heterogeneity of variances of the responses, correlation among repeated measurements and consequent lack of sphericity in the covariance matrix. The aims of this work are to present an evaluation of the applicability of MNLM in the estimation of parameters to describe the in situ ruminal degradation kinetics of the dry matter of Tifton 85 hay and to compare the results with those obtained from the usual analysis in two-phases. The steers used in the trial were fed diets composed of three different combinations of roughage and concentrate and two hays with different nutritional qualities. The proposed approach was proven as effective as the traditional one for estimating model parameters. However, it adequately models the correlation among the longitudinal data, which can affect the estimates obtained, the standard error associated with them and potentially change the results of the inferences. It is quite attractive when the research seeks to understand the behavior of the process of food degradation throughout the incubation times. Resumo Métodos clássicos de análise de modelos não lineares são amplamente utilizados em estudos da cinética de degradação ruminal. Como esse tipo de estudo envolve medidas repetidas na mesma unidade experimental, propõe-se o uso de modelos não lineares mistos (MNLM), buscando resolver os problemas de heterogeneidade de variâncias das respostas, de correlação entre as medidas repetida se a consequente falta de esfericidade da matriz de covariâncias. Os objetivos deste trabalho envolvem apresentar uma avaliação da aplicabilidade dos MNLM na estimação de parâmetros para descrever a cinética de degradação ruminal in situ da matéria seca de fenos de capim-Tifton 85 e comparar os seus resultados com os obtidos da análise usual realizada em duas fases. Os novilhos utilizados no ensaio foram alimentados com rações compostas por três diferentes combinações de volumoso e concentrado e dois fenos com diferentes qualidades nutricionais. A abordagem proposta mostrou-se tão efetiva quanto à tradicional para a estimação dos parâmetros do modelo. Contudo, ela modela de forma adequada a correlação entre os dados longitudinais, o que pode afetar as estimativas obtidas, o erro padrão associado a elas e, potencialmente, alterar os resultados das inferências. É bastante atraente quando a pesquisa busca entender o comportamento do processo da degradação dos alimentos ao longo dos tempos de incubação.

Ethyl carbamate (EC) (NH2COOCH2CH3) is found in cachaca, and its presence in the beverage is conspicuous for its toxicity. Copper, the metal of choice used in the construction of stills, is also considered a beverage contaminant and is often related to the presence of EC in beverages. The study aimed to monitor the quality of cachaca by measuring the presence of copper and EC, and comparing the influences of sugarcane cultivation systems on the concentration of these contaminants. The varieties, RB 867515, RB 962869 and RB 85553, were cultivated under the following management systems: planting without fertilization; organic planting; and conventional planting. For cultivation, a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme of 3 varieties × 3 managements was used as experimental planning, in 4 replications. The concentrations of copper and EC in beverages were evaluated and submitted to univariate analysis of variance (p ≤ 0.05). The organic and conventional systems presented no significant variations in copper content, both of which are recommended for the planting of sugarcane as raw material for cachaca. From amongst the varieties evaluated, RB966928 presented the lowest concentrations of copper for the organic and conventional systems, and was the most recommended for the production of cachaca. To evaluate the EC concentration (μg L–1) in the cachacas produced, all beverages were considered in accordance with national legislation. Significant differences were observed between them, but the conventional and organic systems are favored for deployment in the cultivation of sugarcane as the raw material of cachaca. The same applies to the RB966928, RB867515 and RB855453 varieties.

Resumo No Brasil, o açúcar mascavo possui apenas o valor de polarização como padrão de qualidade exigido em legislação própria; entretanto, este valor (90% de polarização) não representa a realidade dos produtos encontrados à venda nos mercados. Além disso, procedimentos como a adição de açúcar bruto de alta polarização (VHP) têm se tornado frequentes, uma vez que esta ação altera a qualidade final do produto e de seu processamento. É essencial, portanto, a elaboração de novos padrões de qualidade a serem exigidos para o açúcar mascavo. Avaliou-se, neste trabalho, a qualidade do açúcar mascavo produzido sem e com adição de VHP, sendo ambos os processos sem e com correção de pH, com o objetivo de fornecer subsídios que possam auxiliar na atualização dos padrões de qualidade do açúcar mascavo no país. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que não houve interação entre a matéria-prima (caldo de cana com diferentes teores de sólidos solúveis iniciais) e o processo utilizado (adição de VHP com e sem correção de pH) que influenciasse as características físico-químicas analisadas, exceto a umidade, em que o processo de adição de açúcar VHP acompanhado de correção de pH resultou em produtos com menores teores de umidade. Abstract In Brazil, the only quality standard required for brown sugar by specific legislation is the polarization value. However, this value (90% polarization) does not represent the reality of the products found for sale on the market. In addition, procedures such as the addition of very high polarization (VHP) raw sugar has become commonplace, since this changes the final quality of the product and its processing. The development of new quality standards for brown sugar is essential, thus this work evaluated the quality of brown sugar produced with and without the addition of VHP, both with and without pH correction, in order to provide subsidies that could aid in updating the quality standards for brown sugar in Brazil. The results obtained demonstrated there was no interaction between the raw material (sugarcane juice with different initial soluble solids contents) and the process used (addition of VHP with and without pH correction) influencing the analyzed physicochemical characteristics, except the humidity, in which the process of addition of VHP sugar accompanied by pH correction resulted in products with lower moisture content.

O uso de modelos mistos na análise de respostas influenciadas por fatores de tratamento e por fatores longitudinais, apresenta muitas vantagens quando comparado aos modelos clássicos de regressão. A complexidade desses modelos aumenta quando se modela simultaneamente duas ou mais variáveis respostas correlacionadas, num cenário com forte desbalanceamento no número de observações. No diagnóstico dos modelos mistos ajustados sugere-se o uso dos resíduos de confundimento mínimo em substituição aos resíduos clássicos dos modelos de regressão. No presente trabalho foram utilizados os dados oriundos de um experimento desenvolvido na Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, que avaliou o desempenho de bezerros da raça holandesa, submetidos a três dietas sólidas ao longo de oito semanas. Objetivou-se o ajuste de modelos lineares mistos sob as abordagens univariada e bivariada para explicar o comportamento das variáveis respostas peso e consumo médio de sólidos totais ao longo do tempo, utilizando os resíduos de confundimento mínimo no diagnóstico dos modelos selecionados. Nos ajustes foram utilizadas diversas bibliotecas do programa computacional R e na seleção dos modelos foram utilizados testes da razão de verossimilhanças para modelos encaixados e o Critério de Informação Bayesiano (BIC) para os modelos não encaixados. A abordagem bivariada foi mais adequada e informativa do que a univariada, porque considera a correlação entre o peso e o consumo medidos nas mesmas unidades experimentais e nos diferentes instantes do tempo. Comprovou-se a eficácia do uso dos resíduos de confundimento mínimo no diagnóstico dos modelos lineares mistos em comparação aos resíduos marginais e condicionais estudentizados, visto que os primeiros apresentam um menor viés quando comparado aos dois últimos. The use of mixed models in the analysis of responses influenced by treatment factors and by longitudinal factors presents many advantages when compared to classical regression models. The complexity of these models increases when two or more correlated response variables are modeled simultaneously, in a scenario with a strong imbalance in the number of observations. In the diagnosis of adjusted mixed models, the use of least confounded residuals is suggested to replace the classical residuals of regression models. In the present work, data from an experiment developed at the “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture were used, which evaluated the performance of Holstein calves submitted to three solid diets over eight weeks. The objective was to adjust linear mixed models under univariate and bivariate approaches to explain the behavior of the response variables weight and average consumption of total solids over time and the use of least confounded residuals in the diagnosis of the selected models. In the adjustments, several libraries of the computer program R were used and in the selection of the models, tests of the likelihood ratio were used for nested models and the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) for the not nested models. The bivariate approach was more adequate and informative than the univariate one, because it considers the correlation between weight and consumption measured in the same experimental units and at different moments in time. The effectiveness of the use of least confounded residuals in the diagnosis of linear mixed models was proved in comparison to the marginal and conditional studentized residuals, since the first one have a lower bias when compared to the last two.

Kale is a vegetable that has high nutrition content, and balanced fertilization is essential to ensure high yield and quality of agricultural products. Curly kale, less known than regular leaf kale, is a new possibility for consumption. However, little is known about the influence of the type of fertilization on nutritional characteristics. This study aims to evaluate the influence of using organic fertilizers on the productivity, microbiological, and physico-chemical characteristics of Darkibor hybrid curly kale. The treatments consisted of three sources of organic fertilizers, one of organomineral fertilizer, and the control (without fertilization). The highest productivity was observed for kale that was treated with fertilizer in the organomineral composition in all harvests. For microbiological analyses, there was no contamination in all treatments, following legislation. There was no significant difference between treatments for the physicochemical composition, highlighting the high levels of phenolic compounds and proteins in curly kale. There was no difference between treatments regarding the mineral content of the leaves. Organic and organomineral fertilizers made it possible to produce curly kale with adequate physicochemical composition, free from microbiological contamination and heavy metals. Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-17T13:01:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Yield-Quality-Curly.pdf: 865387 bytes, checksum: eb9d25fe3bca3f59e4baa95f8c4f3bab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

O principal objetivo dos programas de melhoramento genético de cana-de-açúcar é selecionar novas variedades, com boas características de mercado, em um curto período de tempo. As fases inicias do melhoramento envolvem um grande número de tratamentos (test lines) resultando em limitações como disponibilidade de material genético para a realização de várias repetições e o tamanho da área experimental. Desse modo, são necessários delineamentos eficientes que permitam a obtenção da maior informação possível a respeito dos tratamentos. O presente trabalho avalia, por meio de estudos de simulação, o ganho genético e a qualidade da seleção de 24 delineamentos distintos se grid-plot ou parcialmente replicado; ao número de variedades padrões para uma fixada porcentagem de test lines repetidas; a porcentagem de test lines repetidas e critérios de otimização, C ou D, para diferentes cenários de conjuntos de dados e uma dada área experimental. A partir dos resultados concluiu-se que as diferenças entre os delineamentos são pequenas, sendo mais evidente em termos do ganho genético, mas que na prática implica na seleção de uma test line adicional, estando a porcentagem média de acertos na seleção entre 25 e 40% para os casos estudados. The main goal of the sucarcane breeding programs is to select new varieties with desirable characteristics in a short time period. In the early stage of the plant-breeding program there is a large number of treatments (test lines), resulting in limitations such as availability of genetic material for several replications and the size of the experimental area. In this sense, efficient designs are necessary in order to obtain as much information as possible about the treatments. The present study evaluates, using simulation studies, the genetic gain and the selection quality of 24 designs, distinct in relation to the type, whether grid-plot or partially replicated; the number of standard varieties for a fixed percentage of replicated test lines; the percentage of replicated test lines and optimality criteria, C or D, for different data scenarios and a given experimental area. From the results we concluded that the differences between the designs are small, being more evident in terms of genetic gain, but that in practice implies the selection of an additional test line, being the average percentage of correct test lines in the selection between 25 and 40% for the studied cases.

Due to the large market demand for chicken meat, there is great interest in research aimed at further improving the production efficiency of this product. In this context, the study of broiler performance assists in the process of optimizing meat production and facilitates the understanding of the needs of each growth phase until the poultry slaughtering age. Although it is common to use nonlinear models to describe the growth pattern of birds, it is not common to include random effects in these models, much less the combined modeling of the variables observed in the experiment. In this work, we adjusted the Gompertz, four-parameter logistic, von Bertalanffy, and Richards growth models with fixed and random effects in their parameters to describe the growth curve of 1080 Ross broilers. Additionally, we performed the joint modeling of body weight and feed consumption variables using mixed models. Additionally, we compared the adjusted models using the AICc and BIC information criteria. The results indicated that the four- parameter mixed logistic model was the most suitable for broiler performance data for both univariate and bivariate models. Devido à grande demanda de mercado da carne de frango, existe grande interesse em pesquisas que visam melhorar ainda mais a eficiência na produção desse produto. Neste contexto, o estudo do desempenho de frangos de corte auxilia no processo de otimização da produção de carne e facilita a compreensão das necessidades de cada fase de crescimento até a idade de abate das aves. Embora seja comum a utilização de modelos não lineares para descrever o padrão de crescimento das aves, não é comum a inclusão de efeitos aleatórios nesses modelos e muito menos a modelagem conjunta das variáveis observadas no experimento. Neste trabalho forma ajustados os modelos de crescimento Gompertz, logístico de quatro parâmetros, von Bertalanffy e Richards com efeitos fixos e aleatórios em seus parâmetros para descrever a curva de crescimento de 1080 frangos da linhagem Ross. Além disso, foi realizada a modelagem conjunta das variáveis peso corporal e consumo de ração utilizando modelos mistos. Adicionalmente, comparou-se os modelos ajustados utilizando os critérios de informação AICc e BIC. Os resultados indicaram o modelo misto logístico de quatro parâmetros como o mais adequado aos dados de desempenho de frangos de corte, tanto para o modelo univariado como para o modelo bivariado.

O presente trabalho teve por objetivos propor um método alternativo para testar a contribuição de cada genótipo, local e ano para a interação genótipos × locais × anos por meio de um teste F, em dados provenientes de experimentos agronômicos e implementar uma rotina computacional para a realização da análise de dados, mediante a contribuição de cada genótipo, local e ano para a interação. O estudo avalia treze genótipos e nove ambientes (combinação de três locais e três anos). Simulou-se as somas de quadrados das fatias horizontais (genótipos), verticais (locais) e frontais (anos) do arranjo de três entradas de interação genótipos × locais × anos (G×L×A) gerando 500, 1000 e 5000 experimentos para verificar a distribuição empírica. Os resultados indicaram um ajuste à distribuição qui-quadrado não-central para as fatias horizontais, verticais e frontais do arranjo de três entradas de interação G×L×A, verificados também pelo teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov e o gráfico QQplot. Na aplicação do teste F proposto, identificou-se os genótipos, locais e anos que contribuem mais para a interação genótipos × locais × anos, sendo de fácil aplicação e interpretação. The present study objectives is to demonstrate an alternative method for test factor con- tribution on a triple interaction system segregating environment effects (locations × years) and genotypes effect. The analysis consists of two parts: (1) a F test, applied in agronomical experiments for means calculation; and (2) the implementation of a computer routine for simulating experiments and check results with the proposed method. The triple interaction (genotypes × locations × years) was studied in thirteen genotypes and nine environments (a combination of three locations and three years), in a block design with three repetitions. The sum of squares within horizontal slices (genotypes), vertical slices (locations) and frontal slices (years) of three way array the genotypes × locations × years (G×L×A) were simulated, generating 500, 1000 and 5000 experiments to test the empirical distribution. The results indicates a non-central chi-squared distribution for horizontal, vertical and frontal slices in the three way array G×L×A, also was tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and QQplot plot. The application of F test identified the genotypes, locations and years showing the relative contribution of these factors for the triple interaction (genotypes × locations × years), getting an easy routine and fast interpretation method.