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The COVID-19--induced moratorium on campus visits allowed faculty from University of Missouri's Agricultural Education & Leadership (AEL) program and Missouri Extension time to reconsider our campus visit structure and be more purposeful in our recruitment efforts. We organized a showcase to expose high school students to career paths and help them understand how our program could help prepare them for career success in the formal agriculture classroom, Extension, or the agriculture field. We urge extension professionals to consider how they can be involved with events that raise students' awareness about career opportunities while simultaneously recruiting the next generation of extension employees.

Students' behavioral and academic needs are interrelated, and educators may maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of their classroom practice by intentionally integrating academic instruction and positive behavior support practices within an integrated multi-tiered system of support (I-MTSS) framework. Integrated classroom practices are particularly important for students with disabilities and those with intensive learning and behavior needs. In this article, we describe a simple four-step plan to support the integrated implementation of foundational reading skills and share a lesson plan designed to support integrated implementation.

Students who require intensive individualized intervention often demonstrate needs in both academic and behavioral domains. However, practices around assessment and development of interventions are often siloed and separate, which can be a barrier to implementing intensive individualized support in an integrated manner to maximize efficiency. In this article, we provide a blueprint for educators to work collaboratively to complete an integrated assessment that can lead to developing a truly integrated individualized intervention. We also share a vignette demonstrating how team members might create a team to complete an integrated assessment and create a corresponding intervention plan.

Schools have increasingly relied on paraeducators in elementary settings to help address student needs. Research demonstrates that simple prevention strategies, like active supervision (e.g., moving, scanning, interacting), can reduce problem behavior in areas where paraeducators are assigned; however, less is known about how to best support paraeducators in implementing these practices. For this study, four paraeducators participated in a brief training on recess active supervision and then engaged in self-management by filling out a checklist and direct behavior ratings (DBRs). Using a multiple baseline across participants design, we introduced the intervention to participants in a randomly assigned order and examined effects, fidelity, and social validity. Results suggest that training and self-management may lead to changes in the interacting behavior of active supervision at recess with more frequent prompting and praising by the paraeducators. Despite limitations, this exploratory study has implications for schools and researchers.

This research explores the potential of machine learning (ML) in identifying vocal markers for schizophrenia. While previous research showed that voice-based ML models can accurately predict schizophrenia diagnosis and symptoms, it is unclear to what extent such ML markers generalize to different clinical subpopulations and languages: the assessment of generalization performance is however crucial for testing their clinical applicability.We systematically examined voice-based ML model performance on a large cross-linguistic dataset (3 languages: Danish, German, Chinese). Employing a rigorous pipeline to minimize overfitting, including cross-validated training sets and multilingual models, we assessed generalization on participants with schizophrenia and controls speaking the same or different languages. Model performance was comparable to state-of-the art findings (F1-score ~ 0.75) within the same language; however, models did not generalize well - showing a substantial decrease - when tested on new languages, and the performance of multilingual models was also generally low (F1-score ~ 0.50).

Abstract Background Engagement in Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) is high among adolescents with borderline personality disorder (BPD), but the trajectory of NSSI in the transition period from adolescence to adulthood is unclear, and studies that look at predictors of persistence are highly needed. Methods This study followed 111 adolescents aged 14–17 with BPD over a five-year period to observe the prevalence and predictors of NSSI. Information on NSSI was based on both self-report and clinician-administered interviews. Results At the outset, 92.8% reported a history of NSSI, with an average of nearly five different types of NSSI. Despite this high initial prevalence, the rates of NSSI within the past two weeks decreased over time from 48% at baseline to 26% after one year, and further to 10% after two years. After five years, 37% reported engaging in NSSI within the past six months. Notably, all but one participant who reported NSSI after five years had engaged in NSSI already at baseline. The study identified that higher adolescent-rated but lower parent-rated BPD severity was associated with engagement in NSSI at baseline. Furthermore, ongoing NSSI after five years was predicted by lower parent-rated BPD severity and externalizing behaviors. Conclusions NSSI is frequent in the early course of BPD, and persists in more than one-third after five years. Our findings highlight that baseline engagement in NSSI is a risk factor for persistence of NSSI in the transition period into early adulthood. Furthermore, the findings underscore the significance of integrating both adolescent and parent perspectives on BPD pathology in the assessment and management of NSSI.

Abstract Background Missing outcome data can pose a serious threat to the validity of randomised clinical trial results. We aimed to study the extent of missing outcome data in randomised clinical trials of psychological interventions. Methods We performed a retrospective study of randomised clinical trial reports of psychological interventions published in World Psychiatry, JAMA Psychiatry, Lancet Psychiatry, American Journal of Psychiatry, British Journal of Psychiatry, or Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics from 2017 to 2022. We assessed the proportion of missing outcome data, whether missing data patterns differed between types of outcomes, participants, intervention lengths, and psychological intervention types, how missing outcome data were handled in the statistical analyses, and whether trialists discussed missing outcome data in the discussion section of the manuscript. Results We identified 182 randomised clinical trials (233 primary outcomes), of which 206 outcomes (88.4%) were assessed at high risk of bias due to missing data. The overall mean percentage of missing outcome data was 18.3% (95% confidence interval (CI): 16.7–20%) for all outcomes. The percentages of missing data were 18.9% (95% CI: 17.1–20.6%; 180 outcomes) for symptom severity scales and 1.8% (95% CI: 2.3–3.3%; 6 outcomes) for ‘hard’ binary outcomes. Trials including participants with borderline personality disorder had the highest percentage of missing outcome data (33.1%; 95% CI: 22.3–43.9%) compared with other psychiatric disorders. Fisher’s exact test showed that intervention lengths and psychological intervention types were associated with the proportion of missing outcome data (p

Abstract Background Early diagnosis and antibiotic therapy in patients with sepsis reduce morbidity and mortality, thus pre-hospital management is likely to affect patient outcomes. Pre-hospital administration may increase the risk of unnecessary use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, but identification of an infectious focus enables more targeted antibiotic therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate how paramedics, with or without the assistance of general practitioners, can administer empiric intravenous antibiotic treatment against sepsis in a timely manner. Methods Cohort study of patients with suspected sepsis that received pre-hospital intravenous antibiotics and were transported to hospital. The setting was mainly rural with long average distance to hospital. Patients received targeted antibiotic treatment after an assessment based on clinical work-up supported by scoring systems. Patients were prospectively included from May 2018 to August 2022. Results are presented as median or absolute values, and chi-square tests were used to compare categorical data. Results We included 328 patients. Median age was 76 years (IQR 64, 83) and 48.5% of patients were female. 30-days all-cause mortality was 10.4%. In cases where a suspected infectious focus was determined, the hospital discharge papers confirmed the pre-hospital diagnosis focus in 195 cases (79.3%). The presence of a general practitioner during the pre-hospital assessment increased the rate of correctly identified infectious focus from 72.6% to 86.1% (p = 0.009). Concordance between pre-hospital identification of a tentative focus and discharge diagnosis was highest for lower respiratory tract (p = 0.02) and urinary tract infections (p = 0.03). Antibiotic treatment was initiated 44 min (median) after arrival of ambulance, and median transportation time to hospital was 69 min. Antibiotic therapy was started 76 min (median) before arrival at hospital. Conclusions Pre-hospital identification of infectious focus in suspected sepsis was feasible, and collaboration with primary care physicians increased level of diagnostic accuracy. This allowed initiation of intravenous focus-directed antibiotics more than one hour before arrival in hospital in a rural setting. The effect of pre-hospital therapy on timing was much stronger than in previous studies from more urban areas.

Abstract Background Microbial pdu and cob-cbi-hem gene clusters encode the key enzyme glycerol/diol dehydratase (PduCDE), which mediates the transformation of dietary nutrients glycerol and 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PD) to a variety of metabolites, and enzymes for cobalamin synthesis, a co-factor and shared good of microbial communities. It was the aim of this study to relate pdu as a multipurpose functional trait to environmental conditions and microbial community composition. We collected fecal samples from wild animal species living in captivity with different gut physiology and diet (n = 55, in total 104 samples), determined occurrence and diversity of pdu and cob-cbi-hem using a novel approach combining metagenomics with quantification of metabolic and genetic biomarkers, and conducted in vitro fermentations to test for trait-based activity. Results Fecal levels of the glycerol transformation product 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) were higher in hindgut than foregut fermenters. Gene-based analyses indicated that pduC harboring taxa are common feature of captive wild animal fecal microbiota that occur more frequently and at higher abundance in hindgut fermenters. Phylogenetic analysis of genomes reconstructed from metagenomic sequences identified captive wild animal fecal microbiota as taxonomically rich with a total of 4150 species and > 1800 novel species but pointed at only 56 species that at least partially harbored pdu and cbi-cob-hem. While taxonomic diversity was highest in fecal samples of foregut-fermenting herbivores, higher pduC abundance and higher diversity of pdu/cbi-cob-hem related to higher potential for glycerol and 1,2-PD utilization of the less diverse microbiota of hindgut-fermenting carnivores in vitro. Conclusion Our approach combining metabolite and gene biomarker analysis with metagenomics and phenotypic characterization identified Pdu as a common function of fecal microbiota of captive wild animals shared by few taxa and stratified the potential of fecal microbiota for glycerol/1,2-PD utilization and cobalamin synthesis depending on diet and physiology of the host. This trait-based study suggests that the ability to utilize glycerol/1,2-PD is a key function of hindgut-fermenting carnivores, which does not relate to overall community diversity but links to the potential for cobalamin formation. Video Abstract

RESUMO Este artigo desenvolve a ideia de que as três teorias básicas da inflação (a monetária, a fiscal e a inercial) se complementam. Essa interpretação traz duas importantes questões de política: primeiro, a necessidade de coordenação entre política fiscal e monetária; e segundo, a necessidade de sincronização das medidas anti-inflacionárias do lado da demanda e do custo para romper o vínculo entre a inflação presente e passada devido à indexação. Essas questões são desenvolvidas no contexto da lição de casa institucional brasileira, de uma multiplicidade de orçamentos, indexação formal e um sistema monetário peculiar. Finalmente, políticas alternativas são avaliadas criticamente.

Denne artikkelen er del 1 av en undersøkelse av statens avhendelser av jord i deler av det som i 1864 var blitt Tana herred i Finnmark, sett i forhold til jordavhendelsesloven av 1863 med tilhørende reglementer og visse andre vedtak. Det dreier seg om grunn som nylig var definert som statlig eid, i de nederste fire mil av Tanadalen, et område som gradvis gikk fra å være samiskdominert til å bli mer etnisk blandet i løpet av perioden. Undersøkelsen gjelder faktiske avhendelser, statens mål og måloppnåelse og fordelingen av avhendelser på befolkningen i en tid da myndighetene gjennom en bred vifte av tiltak, også fornorskningspolitiske, grep inn i samfunnsdynamikken ved å fremme det man anså som nødvendig modernisering. Temaet er ikke rettigheter eller samenes situasjon spesielt. Denne første delen omfatter tiden 1865–1879, under reglementene av 1864 og 1876. Det ble da oppmålt og avhendet mye jord i området, enda reglene lot til å forby all avhendelse i distrikter med skog, som Tana. Staten la riktignok på ulike måter bånd på retten til å utnytte skogen. Med reglementet av 1876 kom det for første gang inn fornorskningspolitikk i regelverket. Artikkelen går inn på dette. Men forholdet mellom avhendelser og etniske grupper i Tana vil bli behandlet systematisk først i neste artikkel, som utgjør del 2 av undersøkelsen.

Denne artikkelen er del 2 av en undersøkelse av statens avhendelser av jord i deler av det som i 1864 var blitt Tana herred i Finnmark, sett i forhold til jordavhendelsesloven av 1863 med tilhørende reglementer og visse andre vedtak. Det dreier seg om grunn som nylig var definert som statlig eid, i de nederste fire mil av Tanadalen, et område som gradvis gikk fra å være samiskdominert til å bli mer etnisk blandet i løpet av perioden. Undersøkelsen gjelder faktiske avhendelser, statens mål og måloppnåelse og fordelingen av avhendelser på befolkningen i en tid da staten gjennom en bred vifte av tiltak, også fornorskningspolitiske, grep inn i samfunnsdynamikken ved å fremme det man anså som nødvendig modernisering. Temaet er ikke rettigheter eller samenes situasjon spesielt. I del 1 er det redegjort for statens politikk og praksis i området i årene 1865–1879. Tabellene derfra er lagt til grunn og kommentert også i denne artikkelen, som omfatter tiden 1880–1901. Reglementet av 1876 inneholdt bestemmelser som imøtekom tidens uro over kvensk/finsk innvandring. Bestemmelsene skulle begrense muligheten for videresalg av jord, men fikk sterk kritikk i Stortinget, og hele regelverket ble satt ut av kraft i 1879. Først etter at en ny statsborgerlov hadde gjort det mulig å regulere innvandringen, ble bestemmelsene fjernet i et nytt reglement av 1895. I artikkelen går jeg inn på forholdet mellom avhendelser og etniske grupper, og drøfter til slutt resultatene av statens jordavhendelsespolitikk i hele perioden.

Across Scandinavia, one can witness a situation where gender equality has previously been at the forefront of the political and societal agenda, but where progress now seems to be slowing down. The news media is a domain where this negative development is particularly pronounced, and several studies have established that the Scandinavian news media display a more unequal gender representation than the society they supposedly mirror. In this article, we report on an ongoing cross-Scandinavian research project on news media content, where we explore not only the traditional metrics of how many men and women are in the news, but also, more importantly, how women and men are portrayed in news media content. The study demonstrates significant gender discrepancies, echoing findings from previous studies on the quantitative representation of women and men, and, more importantly, it introduces presentation as an additional qualitative metric. Consequently, we contribute with an analytical framework involving a range of qualitative parameters through which the news media industry can comprehensively evaluate gender equality within their content.

To support all students, including students with disabilities, many schools have adopted a positive behavioral interventions and supports (PBIS) framework. Although rigorous research documents the beneficial effects of Tier 1 PBIS for all students and emerging research extends these findings to students with disabilities, there has not been a national U.S. study focused on PBIS and discipline outcomes for students with disabilities. In this exploratory study, we combine existing national data sets to explore the relationship between (a) known PBIS exposure (i.e., being in the PBIS data set) and fidelity (i.e., meeting the criterion on an established fidelity measure of Tier 1 PBIS) and (b) exclusionary discipline for students with disabilities. Using two-part path analysis, we document that PBIS may be associated with decreased use of suspension; however, findings are less consistent for other discipline outcomes. This study highlights the critical need for more accurate data on discipline outcomes and further research on effective intervention.

The STEM Public Outreach Team (SPOT) at the University of Washington Bothell (UWB) provides training and community building opportunities for diverse STEM students that impact their persistence in STEM majors and careers. The University of Washington Center for Evaluation and Research for STEM Equity (CERSE) evaluated the experiences of SPOT Student Ambassadors to identify and strengthen the program elements that lead to motivation, confidence, and belonging for students from groups underrepresented in STEM fields. Current and former UWB SPOT Student Ambassadors participated in interviews for both formative and summative evaluation over two years identifying motivations, rewards, challenges, and improvements.