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Background: The effect of interventions in post stroke patients on proxies of motor changes especially Genu Recurvatum (GR) are well documented in literature. However, evidence based standard methods for its assessment haven’t been established yet in patients with stroke. Objectives: To explore literature to determine standard method for evaluation of Genu Recurvatum and to find out the best strategy or Instruments to assessed GR and the estimated range of knee hyperextension Stroke patients. Data sources: A computerized Systematic Literature search was performed, from January 2000 to October 2022 to extract data. A best evidence synthesis was conducted to summarize the results. Result: Twelve studies were included in the review. Eight out of ten studies have mentioned the degrees of GR. Various different methods have been found, commonest being the analysis of gait cycle by software and stance phase of gait cycle being commonest position. Conclusion: The most widely preferred position for assessment of GR is stance phase of gait cycle by videotaping it and analysis with software method in patients with Stroke. Key words: Genu Recurvatum, Hyperextension, Hemiplegia, Stroke .

Introduction: The concept of menopause is a complete cessation of ovarian function. Most common symptom of menopause include muscle and joint ache, poor memory, lower back pain and trouble sleeping. The vasomotor and emotional domains reported less often compared with the physical and psychological domains. Such adverse changes in physical and mental health may have a negative impact on Quality of Life (QOL). Pilates is a mind body exercise focusing on muscle strength, core stability, endurance, muscle control, posture, and respiration which seems to improve both the physical and psychological components in women during menopause. The given study helps to provide the effect of 6 weeks Pilates training protocol on menopausal women’s presenting complaints as well as on her QOL. Complaints and clinical finding: Patient’s main concern were low back ache without any cause night sweats, fatigue, disturbed sleep wake cycle which lead to difficulties in performing activities of daily living which hampered the QOL of the patient. Physical findings revealed decrement in lower back and lower limb muscle strength along with some tightness. Scales helped to reveal that patient is having fatigue and tiredness and mat-exercise treatment protocol were formed. Therapeutic Intervention: 6 weeks Pilates training. Conclusion: As there are minimal to no evidence present in reference to this study, it helps us to provide new and proper treatment protocol and it is helpful to know the effect of the same. It showed significant improvement in the muscular strength as well as reduction in stress level and helped in enhancing the QOL of the patient.

The Biceps Brachia is an anterior arm muscle consisting of two heads that bridge the shoulder girdle to the forearm. The distal biceps tendon from both heads may converge or remain anatomically separate before attachment to the radial tuberosity. The incidence of distal biceps rupture is 1.2/100,000 per year and is mostly seen in middle-aged men. The rupture of the biceps tendon is a relatively less common lesion making this case unique. Physiotherapy rehabilitation post-surgery is found to be effective; it includes management of pain, increase range of motion exercises, strengthening exercises, muscle energy technique, cardiovascular fitness, all these together helps to improve patient outcomes. A case of the 40-year-old female is presented in this case report who underwent traumatic glass-cut injury in proximal forearm resulting in distal bicep-tendon repair with ulnar artery injury and ulnar nerve neuropathy. After surgical reconstruction patient presented with pain in the shoulder, elbow, and wrist, reduced range of motion, strength, and grip strength leading to difficulty in performing activities of daily living. Surgical history, clinical findings, outcomes, and rehabilitation are mentioned in this report. We report that there is a significant improvement in stability, range of motion, muscle strength, relief from pain, and improvement in the patient's functional level and outcomes.