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Background: The potential molluscicidal extracts, obtained from indigenous plants Cannabis sativa, Acacia nilotica, and Tinospora cordifolia, were tested for toxicity against freshwater pulmonate snail Lymnaea acuminata, an intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica. The organic extracts had a significant effect on young snails. Materials and Methods: All organic extracts and column-purified fractions gave median lethal concentrations (19–100.05 mg/L; 24 h) that fell well within the threshold level of 100 mg/L, set for a potential molluscicide by the World Health Organization. Results: The toxicity of T. cordifolia stem acetone extract (96 h LC50: 16.08 mg/L) was more pronounced compared with C. sativa leaf ethanol extract (96 h LC50: 16.32 mg/L) and A. nilotica leaf ethanol extract (96 h LC50: 24.78 mg/L). β-caryophyllene, gallic acid, and berberine were characterized and identified as active molluscicidal components. Co-migration of β-caryophyllene (retardation factor [Rf] 0.95), gallic acid (Rf 0.30), and berberine (Rf 0.23) with column-purified parts of Cannabis sativa, Acacia nilotica, and Tinospora cordifolia on thin-layer chromatography demonstrates same Rf value, that is, 0.95, 0.30, and 0.23, respectively. Conclusion: This study indicates that these extracts thus represent potential plant-derived molluscicides that are worthy of further investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is of interest to assess whether or not physics forceps are superior to traditional forceps for the extraction of premolar teeth in orthodontic procedures. Tooth and buccal bone fractures, as well as extraction time, lacerated gingiva, postoperative discomfort, and infection, were all measured in this research of both types of forceps extraction. Twenty individuals who need orthodontic extraction on both jaws were enrolled in the research. One arch's premolars were removed in two appointments, the first using Physics forceps and the second using conventional ones. The subsequent assignment included extraction from the obverse arch. Intraoperative evaluations included assessments of factors such as tooth and buccal bone fractures, surgical time, and gingival lacerations; postoperative assessments of pain and infection were conducted on days 1, 3, and 7. With physics forceps, the average time to remove a patient's mandible was 86.55 seconds, whereas traditional forceps required just 35.70 seconds. Using traditional forceps, the average pain score was 0.865 on day one after surgery, but with physics forceps, it was 3.30. The use of physics forceps resulted in one buccal bone fracture out of twenty premolar extractions. That so, no meaningful statistical change was seen. There was no tooth damage or post-operative infection with either set of forceps, it was found. Each forceps caused a Grade I laceration to the gingiva. The average time required removing a maxillary using physics forceps was 224.05 seconds, whereas the time required doing it with conventional forceps was 141.50 seconds. On a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the average first-day pain after surgery using physics forceps was 4.90, whereas using traditional forceps resulted in just 3.15. The difference between using physics forceps and regular forceps was statistically significant by the third postoperative day (2.05 vs 0.75). There was a statistically insignificant increase in the occurrence of buccal bone fracture and tooth fracture while using physics forceps. Both forceps and scissors caused just grade I lacerations, and there was no postoperative infection. These findings suggest that the use of physics forceps, as opposed to conventional forceps, may significantly lengthen the time required to remove orthodontic premolars on both sides of the mouth. Non-significant results were also found for additional criteria such as buccal bone fracture, tooth fracture, gingival laceration, and post-operative discomfort. When it comes to orthodontic premolar extraction, this research found that traditional forceps performed better than modern forceps across a range of measures, including intraoperative time and postoperative discomfort., (© 2023 Biomedical Informatics.)