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30. Geochemical and Radiogenic Sr‐Nd Isotope Characterization of Widespread Sandy Surface Sediments in the Great Indian Desert, Thar: Implications for Provenance Studies.

Author

Bhattacharyya, Rohan, Singh, Satinder Pal, Qasim, Abul, and Chandrashekhar, Azad Kashyap

Subjects
MINERAL dusts, LAST Glacial Maximum, DUST, HEAVY minerals, WATERSHEDS
Abstract

Understanding large desert formation/evolution contributing to regional‐to‐global dust cycles remains a challenge. This study presents the geochemical and Sr‐Nd isotope compositions of 51 surface sediment samples collected from the widespread hyper‐arid Thar Desert in northwestern India. The major objective is to determine sediment provenance for a better understanding of the formation/evolution mechanism of this Great Indian Desert as well as downwind dust contributions toward the Himalayas. The compositionally immature sandy Thar sediments (CIA ∼50 ± 4, WIP ∼49 ± 12, and EuN/Eu* ∼0.80 ± 0.13) are recycled materials derived from the Himalayan orogen and later modified by quartz addition and heavy mineral depletion/sorting processes. The 87Sr/86Sr (0.7259 ± 0.0012 and εNd (−12.5 ± 2.7) in the bulk of these Thar sediments are different from the earlier published compositions of the eolian sand deposits in northwestern India. The subcategories of Thar materials collected from different dune types exposed over different lithologies (Quaternary alluvium vs. Tertiary and Mesozoic sedimentary formations) are geochemically and isotopically indistinguishable, which indicates their cogenetic sources and/or sediment reworking. Thar sediments collected in this study have a predominant Indus origin along with significant contributions from the upwind Ghaggar‐Hakra paleochannels. The Indus sediments are most likely wind‐eroded from the shelf region exposed during the low sea stand of LGM and afterward deglaciation. Considering the new and published data sets, the Sr‐Nd isotope budget of dust deposited in the Himalayan frontal glaciers indicates that atmospheric mineral dust contribution from the upwind Indo‐Gangetic Plain proximal to the Himalayas is at par with dust parcels from distant natural deserts. Plain Language Summary: This provenance study aims to explore the eolian versus fluvial/alluvial mode of sediment delivery to the Thar Desert and its significance to the downwind dust dispersal toward the Himalayas. For this purpose, we characterized several Thar sediment samples collected from a widespread hyper‐arid area in southwest Rajasthan. The sampled area has a variety of Thar dune types and underlying lithologies but a poor river drainage system in modern times. This new data set provides evidence for the Thar surface sediments as predominantly derived from the Indus shelf region during the low sea stand of the Last Glacial Maxima (LGM ∼18–22 ka BP) and afterward deglaciation. The upwind Ghaggar‐Hakra paleochannels also seem to be a significant source of sandy Thar surface sediments in the sampled area of southwest Rajasthan. Further, a literature data comparison indicates a competitive role of downwind sediment source regions (Indo‐Gangetic Plain, IGP) more proximal to the Himalayas at par with the dust delivery from remote natural deserts including Thar. This new data set has the potential to serve as the Thar sediment signatures in regional provenance studies. Key Points: Sandy Thar sediments collected from different dune types exposed over key lithologies are geochemically/isotopically indistinguishableThar sediments have a predominantly Indus provenance with significant contributions from upwind Ghaggar‐Hakra paleochannelsProximal Indo‐Gangetic Plain has dust contributions to the Himalayan frontal glaciers at par with that from the Thar Desert [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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37. Molecular Basis of Host-Virus Interactions to Explain Relative Transmission and Severity Caused by Omicron and Delta variants of SARS-CoV-2

Author

Joshi, Vinod, primary, Shareef, B.M., additional, Angel, Bennet, additional, Angel, Annette, additional, Joshi, Ramesh, additional, Khan, Ambreen Shafaat, additional, Khaneja, Poorna, additional, Peer, Nuzhat Maqbool, additional, Sharma, Bhawna, additional, Singh, Neha, additional, Singh, Satinder Pal, additional, Barthwal, Shilpa, additional, Tomar, Komal, additional, and Yadav, Kiran, additional

Published
2023
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47. Analysis of Intellectual Property Protection Issues in Offshore Outsourcing

Author

Singh, Satinder Pal

Abstract

Offshore outsourcing is a business strategy that involves contracting with a partner who can take over certain aspects of a company's business, such as information technology (IT) functions, in the interests of efficiency and cost savings. The purpose of this study was to analyze the intellectual property protection issues to achieve a better understanding of the posture of offshore outsourcing companies towards (a) IP due diligence and risk assessment in the pre-deal phase of offshore outsourcing contracts, (b) the role of offshore outsourcing companies' intellectual property (IP) and risk management principles and priorities in active offshore vendor selection, and (c) specific strategies for IP protection as part of contracts (either signed or in discussion) with offshore vendors. A quantitative survey was conducted to collect the attitude, perception, and opinions of professionals engaged or have been engaged in offshore outsourcing. In total, 307 participants contributed to the study. Data analysis revealed that, in general, United States companies involved in offshore outsourcing take necessary safeguards to protect the intellectual property. However, participants identified key areas of concern and made a number of recommendations for improving the security of intellectual property in offshore outsourcing. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]

Published
2013

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