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Abebayehu N Yilma,1,2,* Rajnish Sahu,1,* Praseetha Subbarayan,1,* Francois Villinger,3 Mamie T Coats,4 Shree R Singh,1 Vida A Dennis1 1Center for NanoBiotechnology Research (CNBR), Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA; 2Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; 3Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA, USA; 4Department of Clinical and Diagnostics Sciences, School of Health Professionals, The University at Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Vida A Dennis, Center for NanoBiotechnology Research (CNBR), Alabama State University, 1627 Harris Way, Montgomery, AL, USA, Tel +1 334-604-9205, Email vdennis@alasu.eduIntroduction: Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a key anti-inflammatory mediator in protecting host from over-exuberant responses to pathogens and play important roles in wound healing, autoimmunity, cancer, and homeostasis. However, its application as a therapeutic agent for biomedical applications has been limited due to its short biological half-life. Therefore, it is important to prolong the half-life of IL-10 to replace the current therapeutic application, which relies on administering large and repeated dosages. Therefore, not a cost-effective approach. Thus, studies that aim to address this type of challenges are always in need.Methods: Recombinant IL-10 was encapsulated in biodegradable nanoparticles (Poly-(Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid) and Chitosan)) by the double emulsion method and then characterized for size, surface charge, thermal stability, cytotoxicity, in vitro release, UV–visible spectroscopy, and Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy as well as evaluated for its anti-inflammatory effects. Bioactivity of encapsulated IL-10 was evaluated in vitro using J774A.1 macrophage cell-line and in vivo using BALB/c mice. Inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) were quantified from culture supernatants using specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and significance was analyzed using ANOVA.Results: We obtained a high 96% encapsulation efficiency with smooth encapsulated IL-10 nanoparticles of ~100– 150 nm size and release from nanoparticles as measurable to 22 days. Our result demonstrated that encapsulated IL-10 was biocompatible and functional by reducing the inflammatory responses induced by LPS in macrophages. Of significance, we also proved the functionality of encapsulated IL-10 by its capacity to reduce inflammation in BALB/c mice as provoked by Chlamydia trachomatis, an inflammatory sexually transmitted infectious bacterium.Discussion: Collectively, our results show the successful IL-10 encapsulation, slow release to prolong its biological half-life and reduce inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF production in vitro and in mice. Our results serve as proof of concept to further explore the therapeutic prospective of encapsulated IL-10 for biomedical applications, including inflammatory diseases.Keywords: Chlamydia, delivery system, chitosan, nanoparticles, IL-10, inflammation

Kimi Soumya Padhi, Govinda Balmuchu, Partha Sarathi Acharya, Sudipta Ranjan Singh, Tony Joseph Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, IndiaCorrespondence: Govinda BalmuchuDepartment of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Sijua, Patrapada, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751019, IndiaTel +919871293683Email govindabalmuchu@gmail.comPurpose: To determine the challenges, effectiveness, level of reception and acceptance of E-learning by students (learners) and faculty (educators) in a medical college during the lockdown period of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: An online questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted among learners and educators at AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, in the month of August 2020. A total of 203 learners and 24 educators participated in the study. The link of the Google form containing the questionnaire was sent to the students and teachers, and the responses obtained were analyzed with SPSS software (version 20).Results: Two hundred three MBBS students and twenty-four faculty members participated in the study. In our study, 34.5% (n=70) learners and 62.5% (n=15) educators preferred supplementation of E-learning with conventional mode of pedagogy in the future. There was a significant correlation between the convenience and the effectiveness of E-learning. Both learners and educators considered E-learning to be moderately effective. The major problems faced by the educators while conducting online sessions were network issues, difficulty in conducting practicals, lack of controlled environment, and lack of attentiveness by the learners. More than half of the students were satisfied with the E-learning provided by the institute. Educators found E-learning to be moderately convenient, whereas they felt conventional classroom teaching is highly convenient.Conclusion: Educators and learners were quick to adapt to the online mode of learning but the shift was mired with initial challenges. There is a requirement of capacity building in terms of skill development and digital infrastructure building to ensure seamless and effective E-learning.Keywords: COVID-19, lockdown, medical education, conventional pedagogy effectiveness

Ejovwoke Dosunmu, Atul A Chaudhari, Shree R Singh, Vida A Dennis, Shreekumar R Pillai Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA Abstract: The antimicrobial activity of silver-coated carbon nanotubes (AgCNTs) and their potential mode of action against mucoid and nonmucoid strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated in vitro. The results showed that AgCNTs exhibited antimicrobial activity against both strains with minimum inhibitory concentrations of approximately 8 µg/mL, indicating a high sensitivity of P. aeruginosa to AgCNTs. AgCNTs were also bactericidal against both strains at the same minimum inhibitory concentration. Scanning and transmission electron-microscopy studies further revealed that a majority of the cells treated with AgCNTs transformed from smooth rod-shape morphology to disintegrated cells with broken/damaged membranes, resulting in leakage of cytoplasmic contents to produce ghost cells. The molecular effects of AgCNTs on P. aeruginosa genes involved in virulence and pathogenicity, stress response, and efflux pumps were evaluated for changes in their expression. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that after exposure to AgCNTs, the expression levels of the rpoS, rsmZ, and oprD genes were significantly downregulated in both strains of P. aeruginosa compared to the untreated samples. These results suggest that the mechanism of action of AgCNTs may be attributed to their effect on cell-membrane integrity, downregulation of virulence-gene expression, and induction of general and oxidative stress in P. aeruginosa. Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, AgCNT, antimicrobial activity, qRT-PCR

Abebayehu N Yilma, Shree R Singh, Saurabh Dixit, Vida A DennisCenter for Nanobiotechnology and Life Sciences Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USAAbstract: Chlamydia trachomatis is a very common sexually transmissible infection in both developing and developed countries. A hallmark of C. trachomatis infection is the induction of severe inflammatory responses which play critical roles in its pathogenesis. Antibiotics are the only treatment option currently available for controlling C. trachomatis infection; however, they are efficacious only when administered early after an infection. The objectives of this study are to explore alternative strategies in the control and regulation of inflammatory responses triggered by a C. trachomatis infection. We employed silver-polyvinyl pyrrolidone (Ag-PVP) nanoparticles, which have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties, as our target and the in vitro mouse J774 macrophage model of C. trachomatis infection. Our hypothesis is that small sizes of Ag-PVP nanoparticles will control inflammatory mediators triggered by a C. trachomatis infection. Cytotoxicity studies using Ag-PVP nanoparticles of 10, 20, and 80 nm sizes revealed >80% macrophage viability up to a concentration of 6.25 µg/mL, with the 10 nm size being the least toxic. All sizes of Ag-PVP nanoparticles, especially the 10 nm size, reduced the levels of the prototypic cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-6, as elicited from C. trachomatis infected macrophages. Additionally, Ag-PVP nanoparticles (10 nm) selectively inhibited a broad spectrum of other cytokines and chemokines produced by infected macrophages. Of significance, Ag-PVP nanoparticles (10 nm) caused perturbations in a variety of upstream (toll like receptor 2 [TLR2], nucleotide-binding oligomerization-protein 2 [NOD2], cluster of differentiation [CD]40, CD80, and CD86) and downstream (IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 3 [IRAK3] and matrix metallopeptidase 9 [MMP9]) inflammatory signaling pathways by downregulating their messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) gene transcript expressions as induced by C. trachomatis in macrophages. Collectively, our data provides further evidence for the anti-inflammatory properties of Ag-PVP nanoparticles, and opens new possibilities for smaller sizes of Ag-PVP nanoparticles to be employed as regulators of inflammatory responses induced by C. trachomatis.Keywords: silver nanoparticles, cytokines, chemokines, TLR2, NOD2, bacteria, sexually transmitted disease

Stacie J Fairley, Shree R Singh, Abebayehu N Yilma, Alain B Waffo, Praseetha Subbarayan, Saurabh Dixit, Murtada A Taha, Chino D Cambridge, Vida A Dennis Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA Abstract: We recently demonstrated by in vitro experiments that PLGA (poly D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) potentiates T helper 1 (Th1) immune responses induced by a peptide derived from the recombinant major outer membrane protein (rMOMP) of Chlamydia trachomatis, and may be a promising vaccine delivery system. Herein we evaluated the immune-potentiating potential of PLGA by encapsulating the full-length rMOMP (PLGA-rMOMP), characterizing it in vitro, and investigating its immunogenicity in vivo. Our hypothesis was that PLGA-rMOMP triggers Th1 immune responses in mice, which are desirable prerequisites for a C. trachomatis candidate nanovaccine. Physical-structural characterizations of PLGA-rMOMP revealed its size (approximately 272 nm), zeta potential (−14.30 mV), apparent spherical smooth morphology, and continuous slow release pattern. PLGA potentiated the ability of encapsulated rMOMP to trigger production of cytokines and chemokines by mouse J774 macrophages. Flow cytometric analyses revealed that spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with PLGA-rMOMP had elevated numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets, and secreted more rMOMP-specific interferon-gamma (Th1) and interleukin (IL)-12p40 (Th1/Th17) than IL-4 and IL-10 (Th2) cytokines. PLGA-rMOMP-immunized mice produced higher serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgG2a (Th1) than IgG1 (Th2) rMOMP-specific antibodies. Notably, sera from PLGA-rMOMP-immunized mice had a 64-fold higher Th1 than Th2 antibody titer, whereas mice immunized with rMOMP in Freund's adjuvant had only a four-fold higher Th1 than Th2 antibody titer, suggesting primarily induction of a Th1 antibody response in PLGA-rMOMP-immunized mice. Our data underscore PLGA as an effective delivery system for a C. trachomatis vaccine. The capacity of PLGA-rMOMP to trigger primarily Th1 immune responses in mice promotes it as a highly desirable candidate nanovaccine against C. trachomatis. Keywords: Chlamydia trachomatis, bacteria, vaccine, antibody, cytokines, PLGA nanoparticles

Chino D Cambridge, Shree R Singh, Alain B Waffo, Stacie J Fairley, Vida A DennisCenter for NanoBiotechnology Research (CNBR), Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USAAbstract: Chlamydia trachomatis is a bacterial sexually transmitted infection affecting millions of people worldwide. Previous vaccination attempts have employed the recombinant major outer membrane protein (MOMP) of C. trachomatis nonetheless, with limited success, perhaps, due to stability, degradation, and delivery issues. In this study we cloned C. trachomatis recombinant MOMP DNA (DMOMP) and encapsulated it in chitosan nanoparticles (DMCNP) using the complex coacervation technique. Physiochemical characterizations of DMCNP included transmission and scanning electron microcopy, Fourier transform infrared and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and zeta potential. Encapsulated DMOMP was 167–250 nm, with a uniform spherical shape and homogenous morphology, and an encapsulation efficiency > 90%. A slow release pattern of encapsulated DMOMP, especially in acidic solution, was observed over 7 days. The zeta potential of DMCNP was ~8.80 mV, which indicated that it was highly stable. Toxicity studies of DMCNP (25–400 µg/mL) to Cos-7 cells using the MTT assay revealed minimal toxicity over 24–72 hours with >90% viable cells. Ultra-violet visible (UV-vis) spectra indicated encapsulated DMOMP protection by chitosan, whereas agarose gel electrophoresis verified its protection from enzymatic degradation. Expression of MOMP protein in DMCNP-transfected Cos-7 cells was demonstrated via Western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. Significantly, intramuscular injection of BALB/c mice with DMCNP confirmed the delivery of encapsulated DMOMP, and expression of the MOMP gene transcript in thigh muscles and spleens. Our data show that encapsulation of DMOMP in biodegradable chitosan nanoparticles imparts stability and protection from enzymatic digestion, and enhances delivery and expression of DMOMP in vitro and in mice. Further investigations of the nanoencapsulated DMCNP vaccine formulation against C. trachomatis in mice are warranted.Keywords: Chlamydia trachomatis, bacteria, chitosan, DNA, MOMP, vaccine

Erdal Eroglu,1 Pooja M Tiwari,1 Alain B Waffo,1 Michael E Miller,2 Komal Vig,1 Vida A Dennis,1 Shree R Singh1 1Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA; 2Research Instrumentation Facility, Auburn University, AL, USA Abstract: The transport of DNA into eukaryotic cells is minimal because of the cell membrane barrier, and this limits the application of DNA vaccines, gene silencing, and gene therapy. Several available transfection reagents and techniques have been used to circumvent this problem. Alternatively, nonviral nanoscale vectors have been shown to bypass the eukaryotic cell membrane. In the present work, we developed a unique nanomaterial, pHEMA+chitosan nanospheres (PCNSs), which consisted of poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) nanospheres surrounded by a chitosan cationic shell, and we used this for encapsulation of a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-F gene construct (a model for a DNA vaccine). The new nanomaterial was capable of transfecting various eukaryotic cell lines without the use of a commercial transfection reagent. Using transmission electron microscopy, (TEM), fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), and immunofluorescence, we clearly demonstrated that the positively charged PCNSs were able to bind to the negatively charged cell membrane and were taken up by endocytosis, in Cos-7 cells. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), we also evaluated the efficiency of transfection achieved with PCNSs and without the use of a liposomal-based transfection mediator, in Cos-7, HEp-2, and Vero cells. To assess the transfection efficiency of the PCNSs in vivo, these novel nanomaterials containing RSV-F gene were injected intramuscularly into BALB/c mice, resulting in high copy number of the transgene. In this study, we report, for the first time, the application of the PCNSs as a nanovehicle for gene delivery in vitro and in vivo. Keywords: pHEMA+chitosan nanoparticles, nonviral vector, RSV-DNA vaccine

Sandhya Vardharajula,1 Sk Z Ali,2 Pooja M Tiwari,1 Erdal Eroğlu,1 Komal Vig,1 Vida A Dennis,1 Shree R Singh11Center for NanoBiotechnology and Life Sciences Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA; 2Department of Microbiology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, IndiaAbstract: Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are emerging as novel nanomaterials for various biomedical applications. CNTs can be used to deliver a variety of therapeutic agents, including biomolecules, to the target disease sites. In addition, their unparalleled optical and electrical properties make them excellent candidates for bioimaging and other biomedical applications. However, the high cytotoxicity of CNTs limits their use in humans and many biological systems. The biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity of CNTs are attributed to size, dose, duration, testing systems, and surface functionalization. The functionalization of CNTs improves their solubility and biocompatibility and alters their cellular interaction pathways, resulting in much-reduced cytotoxic effects. Functionalized CNTs are promising novel materials for a variety of biomedical applications. These potential applications are particularly enhanced by their ability to penetrate biological membranes with relatively low cytotoxicity. This review is directed towards the overview of CNTs and their functionalization for biomedical applications with minimal cytotoxicity.Keywords: carbon nanotubes, cytotoxicity, functionalization, biomedical applications

The Self-Ironing Machine is an innovative solution designed to revolutionize fabric ironing on a small scale, catering to the increasing demand for portable and user-friendly ironing devices. It integrates intelligent features to enhance versatility, including a compact design housing essential elements such as a heating plate, a heating roller, and a temperature identification sensor, alongside specialized buttons for different fabric types. The project's objective was to develop a portable self-ironing machine that simplifies the ironing process while maintaining effectiveness.The machine utilizes a heating plate for precise heating and a weighted roller for consistent pressure application, ensuring optimal results. A standout feature is the integration of a temperature identification sensor, enabling customized ironing treatments tailored to specific fabric requirements. This streamlines the process and reduces the risk of damage to delicate fabrics. User interaction is intuitive with dedicated buttons catering to various fabric needs.Rigorous testing has demonstrated the machine's outstanding performance across different fabric types, highlighting its accuracy and adaptability. In conclusion, the Portable Self-Ironing Machine represents a significant advancement in fabric ironing technology. Its compact and efficient design, coupled with intelligent features, offers an enhanced user experience. With its ability to deliver precise and tailored ironing treatments, this machine stands as a game-changer in the realm of portable fabric care, addressing the needs of modern lifestyles and paving the way for future innovations in the field.

Modern advancement in science and technology has altered the way we detect, treat and prevent different diseases in all aspects of human life. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is chronic progressive autoimmune disease in which body’s immune system has role to protect the health by attacking foreign bacteria but the virus mistakenly attacking the joints as a result thickened synovium, pannus formation, & destruction of bone, cartilage occurs. Researchers are still researching but are unable to know the exact reason for the disease. Although, it is believed that genes and environmental factors play an important role in the development of RA. In this review the pathophysiology, predictors and factors involved in pathogenesis of RA have been investigated. The conventional drug therapeutic agents and emerging novel drug delivery system (NDDS) like nanoparticles, dendrimers, micelles, microspheres, liposomes and so on are discussed, as these are the tools which show promising effect in overcoming the limitations associated with conventional drug delivery systems. Although several NDDS have been used for various purposes, liposomes have been focused and found to have its potential applications in RA diagnosis and therapy. In addition, the therapeutic effectiveness, and challenges for RA by using these novel drug delivery systems have been reviewed along with its future perspectives.

Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) leads to loss of vision in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness in adult population over 50 years old. In this study, we developed intravenously administered, nanoparticulate, targeted nonviral retinal gene delivery systems for the management of CNV. CNV was induced in Brown Norway rats using a 532 nm laser. We engineered transferrin, arginine–glycine–aspartic acid (RGD) peptide or dual-functionalized poly-(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles to target delivery of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) intraceptor plasmid to CNV lesions. Anti-VEGF intraceptor is the only intracellularly acting VEGF inhibitory modality. The results of the study show that nanoparticles allow targeted delivery to the neovascular eye but not the control eye on intravenous administration. Functionalizing the nanoparticle surface with transferrin, a linear RGD peptide or both increased the retinal delivery of nanoparticles and subsequently the intraceptor gene expression in retinal vascular endothelial cells, photoreceptor outer segments and retinal pigment epithelial cells when compared to nonfunctionalized nanoparticles. Most significantly, the CNV areas were significantly smaller in rats treated with functionalized nanoparticles as compared to the ones treated with vehicle or nonfunctionalized nanoparticles. Thus, surface-functionalized nanoparticles allow targeted gene delivery to the neovascular eye on intravenous administration and inhibit the progression of laser-induced CNV in a rodent model.Gene Therapy (2009) 16, 645–659; doi:10.1038/gt.2008.185; published online 5 February 2009 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The moderate thermophilic mix culture bacteria were used to depyritize the Illinois coal of varying particle sizes (-100 μm, 100-200 μm, +200 μm). Mineral libration analysis showed the presence of pyrite along with other minerals in coal. Microbial depyritization of coal was carried out in stirred tank batch reactors in presence of an iron-free 9K medium. The results indicate that microbial depyritization of coal using moderate thermophiles is an efficient process. Moreover, particle size of coal is an important parameter which affects the efficiency of microbial depyritization process. At the end of the experiment, a maximum of 75% pyrite and 66% of pyritic sulphur were removed from the median particle size. The XRD analysis showed the absence of pyrite mineral in the treated coal sample. A good mass balance was also obtained with net loss of mass ranging from 5-9% showing the feasibility of the process for large scale applications.

Multisector collaboration is critical for improving population health. Improving alignment between nonprofit hospitals and local health departments is one promising approach to achieving health improvement, and a number of states are exploring policies to facilitate such collaboration. Using public documents, we evaluated the alignment between Ohio nonprofit hospitals and local health departments in the community health needs they identify and those they prioritize. The top three needs identified by hospitals and health departments were mental health, substance use, and obesity. Alignment across organizations was high among the top needs, but it varied more among less commonly identified needs. Alignment related to social determinants of health was low, with health departments being more responsive to social determinants than hospitals. Given the different strengths and capacities of hospitals and health departments, this divergence may be in the best interests of the communities they serve. Community benefit policies should consider how to promote collaboration between hospitals and health departments while also encouraging organizations to use their own expertise to meet community needs.

Purpose: To study the morphological and histological characteristics of the fibrous capsule formed around a novel biodegradable glaucoma drainage device (GDD) implant made of oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC) after 1 and 3 months of its implantation., Methods: It was a prospective, interventional, preclinical experimental study using New Zealand white rabbits. All animals underwent GDD implantation with a novel biodegradable device. The device's body was made of ORC and attached to a silicone tube, connecting the body to the anterior chamber. Histopathology (hematoxylin and eosin/Masson's trichrome staining) and immunohistochemistry (Alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin expression) characteristics of the bleb formed around the novel device were noted at 1 and 3 months., Results: One month post implantation, the biodegradable material produced a significant foreign body type of reaction evidenced by the exuberant infiltration by macrophages, lymphocytes, and multinucleated giant cells. The granulomatous response subsided by 3 months with disorganized collagen deposition on Masson's trichrome staining. The silicone tube was an internal control, and histopathology demonstrated well-organized collagen deposition around it at 3 months. Immunohistochemistry for α-smooth muscle actin also demonstrated more myofibroblast transformation at the site of the tube than the biodegradable implant., Conclusions: Our results indicate that the tissue response around a biodegradable GDD was different from the response to conventional devices. A diffuse, loose vascularized mesh was observed to develop, which may be more compatible with sustained IOP control over a longer period, in contrast to the usual thick and dense capsule formed around the non-biodegradable devices., (Copyright © 2024 Copyright: © 2024 Indian Journal of Ophthalmology.)

Background: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) face unique challenges related to oral health, which can negatively impact their day-to-day lives, significantly compromising their overall quality of life. Primary caregivers of children with ASD have a critical role in delivering and seeking oral health care. Hence, it is vital to study their perspective towards their children's oral health and its impact on their quality of life., Aim: To explore the parental perception of oral health-related quality of life in children with autism., Methods: A systematic electronic and manual search was conducted in Medline (via PubMed), Embase, Google Scholar, Scopus, and LILACS of articles published from January 2003 to May 2023 using appropriate MeSH terms, keywords, and other terms. A four-phase study selection process was followed according to PRISMA guidelines, and data extraction and synthesis were performed using an extraction form. The selected studies were critically appraised using the QATSDD and Crombie's assessment tool. The inter-reviewer agreement was assessed using the kappa with a linear weighting coefficient., Results: Out of the 885 results, 15 studies were included in the review after the two selection phases, and the study characteristics were summarized in tabular form. Study quality varied considerably, and out of a total possible QATSDD score of 42, scores for the individual studies ranged from 14 to 40. The risk of bias for the seven criteria was found to be low., Conclusion: The parental perception of the OHRQoL in children with ASD is poor, and the most significant perceived impact is on the child's functional and social well-being aspects. Parental-Caregiver Perception Questionnaire was the most commonly used. The most frequent symptoms include bad breath, food lodgment, mouth breathing and night grinding. The familial impact and influence on the OHRQoL of siblings were also studied., (© 2023 Special Care Dentistry Association and Wiley Periodicals LLC.)