109 results on '"Singhal RK"'
Search Results
2. Secondary infections modify the overall course of hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A retrospective study from a network of hospitals across North India
- Author
-
Budhiraja, Sandeep, primary, Tarai, Bansidhar, additional, Jain, Dinesh, additional, Aggarwal, Mona, additional, Indrayan, Abhaya, additional, Das, Poonam, additional, Mishra, RS, additional, Bali, Supriya, additional, Mahajan, Monica, additional, Kirtani, Jay, additional, Tickoo, Rommel, additional, Soni, Pankaj, additional, Nangia, Vivek, additional, Lall, Ajay, additional, Kishore, Nevin, additional, Jain, Ashish, additional, Singh, Omender, additional, Singh, Namrita, additional, Kumar, Ashok, additional, Saxena, Prashant, additional, Dewan, Arun, additional, Aggarwal, Ritesh, additional, Mehra, Mukesh, additional, Jain, Meenakshi, additional, Nakra, Vimal, additional, Sharma, B D, additional, Pandey, Praveen Kumar, additional, Singh, YP, additional, Arora, Vijay, additional, Jain, Suchitra, additional, Chhabra, Ranjana, additional, Tuli, Preeti, additional, Boobna, Vandana, additional, Joshi, Alok, additional, Aggarwal, Manoj, additional, Gupta, Rajiv, additional, Aneja, Pankaj, additional, Dhall, Sanjay, additional, Arora, Vineet, additional, Chugh, Inder Mohan, additional, Garg, Sandeep, additional, Mittal, Vikas, additional, Gupta, Ajay, additional, Jyoti, Bikram, additional, Sharma, Puneet, additional, Bhasin, Pooja, additional, Jain, Shakti, additional, Singhal, RK, additional, Bhasin, Atul, additional, Vardani, Anil, additional, Pal, Vivek, additional, Pande, Deepak Gargi, additional, Gulati, Tribhuvan, additional, Nayar, Sandeep, additional, Kalra, Sunny, additional, Garg, Manish, additional, Pande, Rajesh, additional, Bag, Pradyut, additional, Gupta, Arpit, additional, Sharma, Jitin, additional, Handoo, Anil, additional, Burman, Purabi, additional, Gupta, Ajay Kumar, additional, Choudhary, Pankaj Nand, additional, Gupta, Ashish, additional, Gupta, Puneet, additional, Joshi, Sharad, additional, Tayal, Nitesh, additional, Gupta, Manish, additional, Khanna, Anita, additional, Kishore, Sachin, additional, Sahay, Shailesh, additional, Dang, Rajiv, additional, Mishra, Neelima, additional, Sekhri, Sunil, additional, Srivastava, Rajneesh Chandra, additional, Agrawal, Mitali Bharat, additional, Mathur, Mohit, additional, Banwari, Akash, additional, Khetarpal, Sumit, additional, Pandove, Sachin, additional, Bhasin, Deepak, additional, Singh, Harpal, additional, Midha, Devender, additional, Bhutani, Anjali, additional, Kaur, Manpreet, additional, Singh, Amarjit, additional, Sharma, Shalini, additional, Singla, Komal, additional, Gupta, Pooja, additional, Sagar, Vinay, additional, Dixit, Ambrish, additional, Bajpai, Rashmi, additional, Chachra, Vaibhav, additional, Tyagi, Puneet, additional, Saxena, Sanjay, additional, Uniyal, Bhupesh, additional, Belwal, Shantanu, additional, Aier, Imliwati, additional, Singhal, Mini, additional, and Khaduri, Ankit, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Synthesis and characterization of TiO2 nanoparticle and study of its impact on aquatic organism
- Author
-
null Murali M, null Suganthi P, null Athif P, null Sadiq Bukhari A, null Syed Mohamed HE, null Basu H, and null Singhal RK
- Abstract
The rapid development of nanotechnology or nanotoxicology is stimulating research on the potential health hazards and environmental impacts of manufactured nanomaterials (MNMs) and nanoparticles (NPs). This paper focused on the identification of Daphnia pulex from the environment and TiO2 nanoparticles synthesis, characterization and the 24 h acute toxicity of water suspensions of TiO2 NPs to Daphnia pulex, using mortality as toxicological endpoints. The results show that the acute toxicities of 0, 5, 50, 100, 150, 200, 210, 220, 225 and 230 ppm are dose dependent or concentration level. The Lethal Concentration (LC50) values for mortality 24h is observed at 218.79ppm. D. pulex were found to ingest nanoparticles from the test solutions through feeding and their behavioral and morphological effects indicates that the potential ecotoxicological and environmental health of these NPs cannot be ignored.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Supraglottic airway devices in short gynecological procedures: A randomized, clinical study comparing the Baska® mask and I-Gel® device
- Author
-
Garg, Anurag, primary, Lamba, NS, additional, Chandra, NS. Ajai, additional, Singhal, RK, additional, and Chaudhary, Vishal, additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. E-Waste: Recovery of Precious Materials and Minimization of Environmental Impact by Separating Toxic Metals
- Author
-
Singhal Rk
- Subjects
Waste management ,Environmental science ,Environmental impact assessment ,Waste recovery - Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Estimation of 232Th Concentration in Environmental Matrices by Tracking Activity of Major Daughter Products (212Bi, 212Pb and 228Ac) with Time in a Hermetically Sealed Container
- Author
-
A. Kumar, Singhal Rk, Mehzabin Vivek Pimple, Sudeshna Saha, and Basu H
- Subjects
Negative deviation ,Materials science ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Mean value ,Analytical chemistry ,Thorium ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Tracking (particle physics) ,Gamma energy - Abstract
Concentration of 212Bi, 212Pb and 228Ac were tracked at different time intervals for 33 days in IAEA-RGTh-1 reference material having 2.89% Th and soil collected from ambient environment. In case of reference material, mean concentration of 232Th evaluated using gamma energy line of 228Ac (912 keV) and 212Bi (728 keV) shows a deviation of only 0.05%, and 5.66% respectively from the certified mean value of 232Th, whereas a large negative deviation of 29.9% was observed in the case of 212Pb (239 keV). Th-232 concentration in soil sample as evaluated using above three different gamma lines shows a variation of only 10-13%.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Assessment of radioactivity in the soil samples from Imphal city, India, and its radiological implication
- Author
-
Singh, NabadwipSarangthem, primary, Sharma, BArunkumar, additional, Devi, PriyaThiyam, additional, Basu, Hirakendu, additional, Saha, Sudeshna, additional, and Singhal, RK, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Development of Natural Sorbent for Decontamination of Drinking Water from Low Level of Transuranic and Other Long-lived Radionuclides
- Author
-
Basu H, Singhal Rk, and Reddy Avr
- Subjects
Sorbent ,Goethite ,chemistry ,Environmental chemistry ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Thorium ,Americium ,Sorption ,Human decontamination ,Uranium ,Plutonium - Abstract
Three different types of natural sorbents were developed using natural siliceous material, sodium alginate, and impregnation of goethite in alginate matrix. Experiments were carried out for decontamination of uranium, thorium, americium and plutonium by using siliceous material, Calcium-Alginate (Cal-Alg) and Goethite impregnated Calcium- Alginate (Geo-Cal-Alg) respectively. These materials were tested for different conditions by varying their pH in the range of 1-8, 95-98% Am-241 and Pu-239+240 sorbed by Cal-Alg and Geo-Cal-Alg beads respectively and experimental sorption capacity as evaluated were Eu3+ as a natural analogue for Am-241 and Pu-239+240 is 12.16 mg g-1. Experimental results clearly showed that Th and U sorption capacity is 1 and 0.3 μg mg-1 (w/w) respectively in case of siliceous material. No change in various physicochemical characteristics of the potable water was observed after decontamination process.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Awareness of Diabetes Mellitus in the Population of Urban Field Practice Area of a Tertiary Care Hospital Located at Eastern Part of Uttar Pradesh, India
- Author
-
Surwade, V M, primary, Singhal, RK, additional, and Panth, M, additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Potential Applications of Graphene to Improve the Quality of Potable Water
- Author
-
Singhal, RK, primary
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Measurement of Obesity and Related Perceptions among College Girls of Agra
- Author
-
Thakkar, HK, primary, Singhal, RK, additional, Misra, SK, additional, Gupta, SC, additional, and Chaturvedi, M, additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Electronic structure of Pr$_{0.67}$Ca$_{0.33}$MnO$_3$ near the Fermi level studied by ultraviolet photoelectron and x-ray absorption spectroscopy
- Author
-
Dalai, MK, Pal, P, Sekhar, BR, Saini, NL, Singhal, RK, Garg, KB, Doyle, B, Nannarone, S, Martin, C, and Studer, F
- Subjects
TRANSITION-METAL OXIDES ,Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,spettroscopia con luce di sincrotrone ,materiali superconduttori ad alta temperatura ,Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el) ,Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,COLOSSAL MAGNETORESISTANCE ,NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION ,Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons ,Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons ,DOUBLE EXCHANGE ,PHASE-SEPARATION - Abstract
We have investigated the temperature-dependent changes in the near-$E$$_F$ occupied and unoccupied states of Pr$_{0.67}$Ca$_{0.33}$MnO$_3$ which shows the presence of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases. The temperature-dependent changes in the charge and orbital degrees of freedom and associated changes in the Mn 3$d$ - O 2$p$ hybridization result in varied O 2$p$ contributions to the valence band. A quantitative estimate of the charge transfer energy ($E$$_{CT}$) shows a larger value compared to the earlier reported estimates. The charge localization causing the large $E$$_{CT}$ is discussed in terms of different models including the electronic phase separation., 19 pages, 7 figures, To be published in Phy. Rev. B
- Published
- 2006
13. CO labeling : a reliable technique for rapid measurement of total root exudation capacity and vascular sap flow in crop plants.
- Author
-
Singh, Bhupinder, Ahuja, Sumedha, Pandey, Renu, and Singhal, RK
- Subjects
EXUDATION (Botany) ,VASCULAR system of plants ,CROPS ,PLANT roots ,PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of carbon monoxide ,RADIOLABELING - Abstract
Root release of organic compounds and rate of the vascular sap flow are important for understanding the nutrient and the source-sink dynamics in plants, however, their determination is procedurally cumbersome and time consuming. We report here a simple method involving C labeling for rapid and reliable measurement of root exudates and vascular sap flow rate in a variable groundnut population developed through seed gamma irradiation using a cobalt source (Co). An experimental hypothesis that a higher C level in the vascular sap would indicate a higher root release of carbon by the roots into the rhizosphere was verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Mining method selection and transition depth determination problems - which one is in priority of consideration?
- Author
-
Bakhtavar, Ezzeddin, Shahriar, Kourosh, Oraee, Kazem, Flett, Peter, Singhal, RK, Mehrotra, A, Fytas, K, and Ge, H
- Subjects
combined mining ,Mining method selection ,underground ,transition depth ,Coal mines and mining ,open-pit ,complex mixtures - Abstract
During this paper, in order to identify the priority of consideration between the problems of “mining method selection” and “determining transition depth from open-pit to underground mining” an accurate procedure is introduced step by step. First, it is essential to specify if an ore deposit that potentially will have mined by a combined method of open-pit and underground mining. In this case, optimal final open-pit limit and depth must be initially determined. After that, if the rest of deposit below open-pit limit is economically considerable, it is necessary to select the most adequate underground method with emphasis on the high production rate and low cost methods. Then, it is necessary to determine optimal transition depth from open-pit to underground mining considering a crown pillar immediately below open-pit mining. Finally, the procedure with its algorithm was used for an iron ore deposit with the combined mining potential.
- Published
- 2009
15. 3D strain softening modelling of coal pillars in a deep longwall mine
- Author
-
Oraee, Kazem, Hosseini, Navid, Gholinejad, Mehran, Singhal, RK, Mehrotra, A, Fytas, K, and Ge, H
- Subjects
Pillar ,Longwall ,Coal mines and mining ,Strain softening ,Strength of materials ,Modelling - Abstract
In longwall coal mines, the entries on both sides of the panel play a significant role in production rate and safety of operation. With increasing production amount, the rate of conveying material through such entries increases. Therefore, it is required to design wider entries. Support of these entries, particularly in deep mines is difficult. In this paper, by using FLAC3D program code a deep longwall coal mine is modeled. The coal seam has a strain softening property, and the analysis index of stress and deformation of ribsides and coal pillars at different loading levels are determined. Strain softening parameters is studied separately for each modeled coal pillar, and based on conventional formula the pillar strength are calculated. In a modeled longwall mine, the caving material at goaf zone are fully compact. The results shows that based on Mohr-Coulomb model, the strain softening occurs at maximum cohesion and friction, and at region of decreasing the strength of pillar in stress-strain curve. Because of 3D nature of analyses, the effect of front and side abutment load on stability of pillar are studied simultaneously. Therefore, the results of this study could be suitable criteria for appraisal of pillar design method at deep longwall coal mines.
- Published
- 2008
16. General Approach to Distribute Waste Rocks Between Dump Sites in Open Cast Mines
- Author
-
Oraee, Kazem, Goodarzi, Arash, Singhal, RK, Fytas, K, Jongsiri, S, and Ge, H
- Subjects
Cost estimation ,Waste disposal sites Location ,Dump site ,Linear programming ,Waste distribution ,Mineral industries Waste disposal - Abstract
In most surface mining operations, waste rocks are removed from the pit and deposited on adjacent areas. Mine optimization is a key step in the viability of a surface mining project. Definition of approaches for selection of haulage tracks and waste distribution to dumps on the basis of minimizing the haulage cost is one of the main parameters in optimization. Cost estimation, linear programming and decision-making tools are applied in optimization. Cost estimation is performed to obtain the primary information for the linear programming process. In order to ensure high operating efficiency, linear programming has focused on haulage optimization. The waste distribution program is a complex engineering decision of enormous economic significance. This paper presents an approach to minimize transportation costs of waste rocks. Finally, a real mining operation is demonstrated that highlights the advantages of such approach.
- Published
- 2007
17. Economic Comparison of Drilling Systems in Sublevel Stoping Method
- Author
-
Oraee, Kazem, Bangian, Amir Houssain, Singhal, RK, Fytas, K, Jongsiri, S, and Ge, H
- Subjects
Mining machinery ,DTH drilling machines ,Sublevel stoping ,parallel drilling ,stope height ,ring drilling ,drilling and blasting pattern ,Drilling and boring - Abstract
Drilling constitutes an important part of the production process in sublevel stoping method and up to 50% of the total costs can be attributed to this element. With the advent of recently developed sophisticated and expensive drilling machines, sublevel stoping has gained renewed advantage over other similar methods. The use of these machines, however, substantially increases the capital cost of the whole operation and hence choosing the optimum drilling system can produce significant savings in costs. In this paper, drilling patterns have been designed for various conditions of the physical characteristics and geometrical conditions of an ore body. Total costs of some 150 different patterns have been compiled. Based on these empirical data, a practical model has been devised that determines drilling costs in all different feasible situations in sublevel stoping. The model shows that parallel drilling is the most efficient alternative in all workable conditions. As well the break-even orebody thickness in ring drilling between one or two production drifts in sublevels is, in most cases, about 30 meters. The prescribed drilling methods in different circumstances and the model introduced, can serve as useful tools to the mining design engineer in choosing the most economical drilling system when designing a stope.
- Published
- 2007
18. Financial evaluation of Sungun Copper Project using DCF method
- Author
-
Oraee, Kazem, Rashidinejad, Farshad, Asi, Bahareh, Singhal, RK, Fytas, K, Jongsiri, S, and Ge, H
- Subjects
Copper prices Iran ,CAPEX ,Copper industry and trade East Azarbaijan (Iran) ,Copper prices East Azarbaijan (Iran) ,IRR ,Breakeven copper price ,OPEX ,Copper industry and trade Iran ,DCF analysis ,NPV - Abstract
The Sungun copper mine that operated by National Iranian Copper Industries Company (NICICO) is a world class project of great magnitude and complexity. A detail financial model of the Sungun Copper Project was constructed. The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of the base case is 18%. At a discount rate of 6.5% the Net Present Value (NPV) of the Project is $1,554M at a copper price of $4,500/t. The breakeven copper price at the 6.5% discount rate is $2,460/t. The most sensitive factors, as is usual in projects of this nature are copper price and discount rate. Because of the contractual mining system, OPEX is slightly more influential than CAPEX.
- Published
- 2007
19. Recovering of fine coal particles from tailing ponds of Ankara-Alpagut-Dodurga coal washing plant
- Author
-
Koca, Hüseyin, Koca, Sabiha, Karaoğlu, M, Singhal, RK, Mehrotra, AK, Anadolu Üniversitesi, Bozüyük Meslek Yüksekokulu, Koca, Hüseyin, and Koca, Sabiha
- Abstract
6th International Conference on Environmental Issues and Management of Waste in Energy and Mineral Production (SWEMP 2000) -- MAY 30-JUN 02, 2000 -- CALGARY, CANADA, WOS: 000088357300020, In this work, samples from tailing ponds of TKI Alpagut-Dodurga Lignites Company Coal Washery were subjected to extensive research to recover clean fine coal particles, by means of gravity methods. The optimum conditions of separation were determined under the laboratory conditions by using shaking tables and Multi-Gravity Separator. Several parameters, thought to be effective on the separation were tested. After the shaking table experiments clean coal products, containing 13.52 % ash with 50.16 % combustible recovery and 16.78 % ash with 53.12 % combustible recovery were obtained at -3.0+0.6 and -0.6+0.3 mm fractions, respectively. After the investigations carried out by Multi-Gravity Separator, clean coal fractions, containing 20.53 % ash with 83.94 % combustible recovery and 25.58 % ash with 88.39 % combustible recovery were obtained at -0.3+0.15 and -0.15+0.05 mm fractions, respectively. Cleaning stage experiments were conducted on the -0.15+0.05 mm fraction and ash percentage of the clean coal was reduced down to 17.39 % with 63.08 % combustible recovery according to head sample.
- Published
- 2000
20. Cuttability characteristics of some high strength rocks for roadheader selection in Zonguldak Coalfield
- Author
-
Kel, K., Akcin, N., Hakan Tuncdemir, Bilgin, N., Singhal, RK, Singh, BP, and Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi
- Abstract
10th International Symposium on Mine Planning and Equipment Selection (MPES) -- NOV 19-21, 2001 -- NEW DELHI, INDIA, WOS: 000176775500109, Hard coal is only exploited in Turkey in Zonguldak Coalfield and mining activities are carried out since 1848. The expected coal reserves are 1.3 billion tons, The annual production of the coal decreased dramatically for the last ten years due to the geological difficulties. However, many research works were carried out in the last years to increase the annual production and to decrease the production cost. The roadways are mainly driven in high strengths rocks with drill and blast methods, The research results discussed in this paper is a summary of a research work sponsored by The Research Fund of the Karaelmas University with the support of the Mining Engineering Department of The Technical University of Istanbul. Systematic rock samples from the rock strata were collected from the mine and these samples were subjected to the various mechanical and physical tests. These are sandstone, mudstone, shale and limestone, having compressive strength values up to 170 MPa. In the later stage, samples having size of 0.7x0.7x0.5m were subjected to the full-scale cutting tests in the laboratories of Mining Engineering Department of The Technical University of Istanbul within the facilities provided by NATO-TU Excavation Project. The cutter forces and specific energy values for different depth of cut and cutter spacing were recorded. Later, the results were discussed for the application of roadheaders equipped with conical bits and mini discs within the light of present and other ongoing research projects.
21. Recent Advancements in the Field of Chitosan/Cellulose-Based Nanocomposites for Maximizing Arsenic Removal from Aqueous Environment.
- Author
-
Chauhan K, Singh P, Sen K, Singhal RK, and Thakur VK
- Abstract
Water remediation, acknowledged as a significant scientific topic, guarantees the safety of drinking water, considering the diverse range of pollutants that can contaminate it. Among these pollutants, arsenic stands out as a particularly severe threat to human health, significantly compromising the overall quality of life. Despite widespread awareness of the harmful effects of arsenic poisoning, there remains a scarcity of literature on the utilization of biobased polymers as sustainable alternatives for comprehensive arsenic removal in practical concern. Cellulose and chitosan, two of the most prevalent biopolymers in nature, provide a wide range of potential benefits in cutting-edge industries, including water remediation. Nanocomposites derived from cellulose and chitosan offer numerous advantages over their larger equivalents, including high chelating properties, cost-effective production, strength, integrity during usage, and the potential to close the recycling loop. Within the sphere of arsenic remediation, this Review outlines the selection criteria for novel cellulose/chitosan-nanocomposites, such as scalability in synthesis, complete arsenic removal, and recyclability for technical significance. Especially, it aims to give an overview of the historical development of research in cellulose and chitosan, techniques for enhancing their performance, the current state of the art of the field, and the mechanisms underlying the adsorption of arsenic using cellulose/chitosan nanocomposites. Additionally, it extensively discusses the impact of shape and size on adsorbent efficiency, highlighting the crucial role of physical characteristics in optimizing performance for practical applications. Furthermore, this Review addresses regeneration, reuse, and future prospects for chitosan/cellulose-nanocomposites, which bear practical relevance. Therefore, this Review underscores the significant research gap and offers insights into refining the structural features of adsorbents to improve total inorganic arsenic removal, thereby facilitating the transition of green-material-based technology into operational use., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Tolerance and adaptation mechanism of Solanaceous crops under salinity stress.
- Author
-
Altaf MA, Behera B, Mangal V, Singhal RK, Kumar R, More S, Naz S, Mandal S, Dey A, Saqib M, Kishan G, Kumar A, Singh B, Tiwari RK, and Lal MK
- Subjects
- Humans, Photosynthesis, Reactive Oxygen Species, Crops, Agricultural physiology, Water, Stress, Physiological, Salt Stress
- Abstract
Solanaceous crops act as a source of food, nutrition and medicine for humans. Soil salinity is a damaging environmental stress, causing significant reductions in cultivated land area, crop productivity and quality, especially under climate change. Solanaceous crops are extremely vulnerable to salinity stress due to high water requirements during the reproductive stage and the succulent nature of fruits and tubers. Salinity stress impedes morphological and anatomical development, which ultimately affect the production and productivity of the economic part of these crops. The morpho-physiological parameters such as root-to-shoot ratio, leaf area, biomass production, photosynthesis, hormonal balance, leaf water content are disturbed under salinity stress in Solanaceous crops. Moreover, the synthesis and signalling of reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, accumulation of compatible solutes, and osmoprotectant are significant under salinity stress which might be responsible for providing tolerance in these crops. The regulation at the molecular level is mediated by different genes, transcription factors, and proteins, which are vital in the tolerance mechanism. The present review aims to redraw the attention of the researchers to explore the mechanistic understanding and potential mitigation strategies against salinity stress in Solanaceous crops, which is an often-neglected commodity.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Effect of salt, alkali and combined stresses on root system architecture and ion profiling in a diverse panel of oat ( Avena spp.).
- Author
-
Ahmed S, Patel R, Rana M, Kumar N, I I, Choudhary M, Chand S, Singh AK, Ghosh A, and Singhal RK
- Subjects
- Alkalies pharmacology, Stress, Physiological genetics, Plant Breeding, Seedlings, Sodium Chloride, Dietary pharmacology, Sodium Chloride pharmacology, Avena
- Abstract
The co-occurrence of salinisation and alkalisation is quite frequent in problematic soils and poses an immediate threat to food, feed and nutritional security. In the present study, root system architectural traits (RSAs) and ion profiling were evaluated in 21 genotypes of Avena species to understand the effect of salinity-alkalinity stress. The oat genotypes were grown on germination paper and 5-day-old seedlings were transferred to a hydroponic system for up to 30days. These seedlings were subjected to seven treatments: T0 , treatment control (Hoagland solution); T1 , moderate salinity (50mM); T2 , high salinity (100mM); T3 , moderate alkalinity (15mM); T4 , high alkalinity (30mM); T5 , combined moderate salinity-alkalinity (50mM+15mM); and T6 , combined high salinity-alkalinity (100mM and 30mM) by using NaCl+Na2 SO4 (saline) and NaHCO3 +Na2 CO3 (alkaline) salts equivalently. The root traits, such as total root area (TRA), total root length (TRL), total root diameter (TRD), total root volume (TRV), root tips (RT), root segments (RS), root fork (RF) and root biomass (RB) were found to be statistically significant (P + and K+ content analysis in root and shoot tissues revealed the ion homeostasis capacity of different Avena accessions under stress treatments. Principal component analysis (PCA) covered almost 83.0% of genetic variation and revealed that the sharing of TRA, RT, RS and RF traits was significantly high. Biplot analysis showed a highly significant correlation matrix (P <0.01) between the pairs of RT and RS, TRL and RS, and RT and RF. Based on PCA ranking and relative value for stress tolerance, IG-20-1183, IG-20-894, IG-20-718 and IG-20-425 expressed tolerance to salinity (T2), IG-20-425 (alkalinity; T4) and IG-20-1183, IG-20-894 and IG-20-1004 were tolerant to salt-alkali treatment (T6). Multi-trait stability index (MTSI) analysis identified three stable oat genotypes (IG-20-714, IG-20-894 and IG-20-425) under multiple environments and these lines can be used in salinity-alkalinity affected areas after yield trials or as donor lines for combined stresses in future breeding programs.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Effect of surface termination on electronic and optical properties of lead-free tin-based eco-friendly perovskite solar cell: a first principal study.
- Author
-
Nehra J, Kilak M, and Singhal RK
- Subjects
- Oxides, Electronics, Tin, Calcium Compounds
- Abstract
The lead (Pb)-based halide perovskites have been reported to be promising materials for photovoltaic applications; however, the presence of toxic lead in them concerns the environmental and health issues. In this work, we have, therefore, studied the lead-free and non-toxic tin-based halide perovskite, CsSnI
3 , which is an eco-friendly material with high power conversion efficiency, thus, being a potential candidate for photovoltaic applications. We have investigated the influence of CsI and SnI2 -terminated (001) surfaces on structural, electronic and optical properties of lead-free tin-based halide perovskite CsSnI3 from the first principal calculations, based on density functional theory (DFT). The calculations of electronic and optical parameters are performed under the parameterisation of PBE_Sol for exchange-correlation functions conjugated with modified- Beche-Johnshon (mBJ) exchange potential. The optimised lattice constant, the energy band structure and the density of states (DOS) have been calculated for the bulk and different terminated surface structures. The optical properties of CsSnI3 are computed in terms of the real and imaginary part of absorption coefficient, dielectric function, refractive index, conductivity, reflectivity, extinction coefficient and electron energy loss. The photovoltaic characteristics for the CsI-termination are found to be better than the bulk and SnI2 -terminated surfaces. This study reveals that optical and electronic properties can be tuned by selecting proper surface termination in halide perovskite CsSnI3 . The CsSnI3 surfaces exhibit semiconductor behaviour with a direct energy band gap and a high value of absorption power in the ultraviolet and visible region, rendering these inorganic halide perovskite materials important for the eco-friendly and efficient optoelectronic devices., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Advanced materials for sustainable energy and applications.
- Author
-
Lal C, Jain PK, Singh V, Singhal RK, Dolia SN, and Jain IP
- Subjects
- Renewable Energy, Electric Power Supplies
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Synthesis of multicolor silver nanostructures for colorimetric sensing of metal ions (Cr 3+ , Hg 2+ and K + ) in industrial water and urine samples with different spectral characteristics.
- Author
-
Patel MR, Upadhyay MD, Ghosh S, Basu H, Singhal RK, Park TJ, and Kailasa SK
- Subjects
- Colorimetry methods, Water chemistry, Cations, Metal Nanoparticles chemistry, Mercury, Nanostructures
- Abstract
In this work, we have synthesized four different color (yellow, orange, green, and blue (multicolor)) silver nanostructures (AgNSs) by chemical reduction method where silver nitrate, sodium borohydride and hydrogen peroxide were used as reagents. The as-synthesized multicolor AgNSs were successfully functionalized with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and applied as a colorimetric sensor for the assaying of metal cations (Cr
3+ , Hg2+ , and K+ ). The addition of metal ions (Cr3+ , Hg2+ , and K+ ) into BSA functionalized AgNSs (BSA-AgNSs) causes the aggregation of BSA-AgNSs, and are accompanied by visual color changes with red or blue shift in the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band of BSA-AgNSs. The BSA-AgNSs show different SPR characteristic for each metal ions (Cr3+ , Hg2+ , and K+ ) with exhibiting different spectral shift and color change. The yellow color BSA-AgNSs (Y-BSA-AgNSs) act as a probe for sensing Cr3+ , orange color BSA-AgNSs (O-BSA-AgNSs) act as probe for Hg2+ ion assay, green color BSA-AgNSs (G-BSA-AgNSs) act as a probe for the assaying of both K+ and Hg2+ , and blue color BSA-AgNSs (B-BSA-AgNSs) act as a sensor for colorimetric detection of K+ ion. The detection limits were found to be 0.26 μM for Cr3+ (Y-BSA-AgNSs), 0.14 μM for Hg2+ (O-BSA-AgNSs), 0.05 μM for K+ (G-BSA-AgNSs), 0.17 μM for Hg2+ (G-BSA-AgNSs), and 0.08 μM for K+ (B-BSA-AgNSs), respectively. Furthermore, multicolor BSA-AgNSs were also applied for assaying of Cr3+ , and Hg2+ in industrial water samples and K+ in urine sample., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Electronic, optical and magnetic properties of Cu-doped ZnO, a possible system for eco-friendly and energy-efficient spintronic applications.
- Author
-
Gora MK, Kumar A, Kumar S, Maheshwari PK, Patidar D, Dolia SN, and Singhal RK
- Subjects
- Magnetics, X-Ray Diffraction, Magnetic Phenomena, Zinc Oxide chemistry
- Abstract
Polycrystalline Zn
1-x Cux O (x = 0.0, 0.02, and 0.05) samples have been prepared using the solid-state reaction procedure. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the samples confirm that Cu ions are successfully included in the ZnO hexagonal wurtzite structure. Rietveld analysis of the XRD patterns confirms the phase purity of the synthesized samples and a slight variation in their lattice parameter upon Cu doping. The morphology study by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) depicts transfiguration with Cu doping. The existence of oxygen vacancies (Vo ) in the Cu-doped samples is indicated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The magnetization measurements reveal the diamagnetic nature of pure ZnO while the Cu-doped samples depict a room-temperature ferromagnetic (RTFM) behavior. The 2% Cu-doped sample shows higher values of both the saturation magnetization and the Vo as compared to the 5% Cu-doped sample. The observed magnetization seems to show a direct relationship with the Vo . The photoluminescence (PL) and ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopic measurements were performed for their optical analysis. The presence of Vo in the Cu-doped samples is revealed by the PL findings also that is in agreement with the XPS results. The UV analysis shows that Cu doping in the ZnO influences the band gap. The observed RTFM induced by Cu doping in ZnO renders it a potential system for spintronic devices useful for energy-efficient data storage devices and energy harvesting eco-friendly applications., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Perspectives of different colour-emissive nanomaterials in fluorescent ink, LEDs, cell imaging, and sensing of various analytes.
- Author
-
Atulbhai SV, Singhal RK, Basu H, and Kailasa SK
- Subjects
- Color, Carbon, Coloring Agents, Ink, Nanostructures
- Abstract
In the past 2 decades, multicolour light-emissive nanomaterials have gained significant interest in chemical and biological sciences because of their unique optical properties. These materials have drawn much attention due to their unique characteristics towards various application fields. The development of novel nanomaterials has become the pinpoint for different application areas. In this review, the recent progress in the area of multicolour-emissive nanomaterials is summarized. The different emissions (white, orange, green, red, blue, and multicolour) of nanostructure materials (metal nanoclusters, quantum dots, carbon dots, and rare earth-based nanomaterials) are briefly discussed. The potential applications of different colour-emissive nanomaterials in the development of fluorescent inks, light-emitting diodes, cell imaging, and sensing devices are briefly summarized. Finally, the future perspectives of multicolour-emissive nanomaterials are discussed., (© 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Impact of Gd 3+ doping on structural, electronic, magnetic, and photocatalytic properties of MnFe 2 O 4 nanoferrites and application in dye-polluted wastewater remediation.
- Author
-
Kumar A, Gora MK, Lal G, Choudhary BL, Meena PL, Dhaka RS, Singhal RK, Kumar S, and Dolia SN
- Subjects
- Electronics, Magnetic Phenomena, Wastewater, Coloring Agents chemistry
- Abstract
The present work focuses on developing Gd-doped Mn spinel nanoferrites and their potential application in the photodegradation of water pollutants. The impact of Gd
3+ ion substitution on structural, electronic, and magnetic characteristics of manganese ferrites has been studied. Nanocrystalline samples of MnGdx Fe2-x O4 (x = 0.0 to 0.10, in step size of 0.02) ferrites were prepared via sol-gel self-ignition route. The Rietveld, XPS, HRTEM, and SAED characterization methods confirmed the formation of phase pure ferrite nanoparticles (~ 8-22 nm) in the cubic spinel structure. The Gd3+ content in these nanoferrites responded to a systematic reduction in the size of nanocrystallites and an upsurge in the density of nanoferrites. The XPS study revealed fine assimilation of constituent elements in the fcc lattice and ruled out impurities in the nanoferrites. The Fe and the Gd ions were found to be in Fe3+ and Gd3+ states, respectively. While a major fraction of the Mn ions were found to be in the Mn2+ state, a small fraction of Mn4+ ions was observed on the surface of nanoparticles. The nanoferrites were found to exhibit a soft ferromagnetic state from 300 to 20 K limits. The highest saturation magnetization was observed for x = 0.02 (MS = 66.6 emu/g at 20 K). The observed magnetic properties can be understood with the competing (Fe3+ and Mn2+ )A -O2- -[Fe3+ , Mn2+ , and Gd3+ ]B superexchange interactions and magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Due to the small band gap energy of Gd-doped Mn ferrites than that of the pure Mn ferrite, they have demonstrated excellent photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under visible light illumination. As much as 96.35% of the MB dye was found to get degraded in 70 min of light illumination over synthesized nanoparticles and the photodegradation reaction followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The increased optical absorbance due to lower band gap, suppressed recombination rate of charge carriers, and enhanced charge mobility make them effective visible light active photocatalysts. This study revealed that the electronic, optical, and magnetic properties of MnFe2 O4 nanoferrites could be easily tuned by varying the Gd3+ content and the prepared Gd-doped MnFe2 O4 nanomaterials have boundless potential to be utilized in the future making promising active photocatalysts and degradation of harmful industrial dyes for enhanced protection in the fields of environment and health care., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Heavy metal (loid)s phytotoxicity in crops and its mitigation through seed priming technology.
- Author
-
Singhal RK, Kumar M, Bose B, Mondal S, Srivastava S, Dhankher OP, and Tripathi RD
- Subjects
- Biodegradation, Environmental, Seeds chemistry, Seeds metabolism, Crops, Agricultural metabolism, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism, Metals, Heavy toxicity, Metals, Heavy analysis
- Abstract
Unexpected bioaccumulation and biomagnification of heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) in the environment have become a predicament for all living organisms, including plants. The presence of these HMs in the plant system raised the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and remodeled several vital cellular biomolecules. These lead to several morphological, physiological, metabolic, and molecular aberrations in plants ranging from chlorosis of leaves to the lipid peroxidation of membranes, and degradation of proteins and nucleic acid including the modulation of the enzymatic system, which ultimately affects the plant growth and productivity. Plants are equipped with several mechanisms to counteract the HMs toxicity. Among them, seed priming (SP) technology has been widely tested with the use of several inorganic chemicals, plant growth regulators (PGRs), gasotransmitters, nanoparticles, living organisms, and plant leaf extracts. The use of these compounds has the potential to alleviate the HMs toxicity through the strengthening of the antioxidant defense system, generation of low molecular weight metallothionein's (MTs), and phytochelatins (PCs), and improving seedling vigor during early growth stages. This review presents an account of the sources, uptake and transport, and phytotoxic effects of HMs with special attention to different mechanism/s, occurring to mitigate the HMs toxicity in plants employing SP technology. Novelty statement: To the best of our knowledge, this review has delineated the consequences of HMs on the crucial plant processes, which ultimately affect plant growth and development. This review also compiled the up to dated information on phytotoxicity of HMs through the use of SP technology, this review discussed how different types of SP approaches help in diminishing the concentration HMs in plant systems. Also, we depicted mechanisms, represent how HMs transport and their actions on cellular levels, and emphasized, how diverse SP technology effectiveness in the mitigation of plants' phytotoxicity in unique ways.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Nitrogen use efficiency in cotton: Challenges and opportunities against environmental constraints.
- Author
-
Shah AN, Javed T, Singhal RK, Shabbir R, Wang D, Hussain S, Anuragi H, Jinger D, Pandey H, Abdelsalam NR, Ghareeb RY, and Jaremko M
- Abstract
Nitrogen is a vital nutrient for agricultural, and a defieciency of it causes stagnate cotton growth and yield penalty. Farmers rely heavily on N over-application to boost cotton output, which can result in decreased lint yield, quality, and N use efficiency (NUE). Therefore, improving NUE in cotton is most crucial for reducing environmental nitrate pollution and increasing farm profitability. Well-defined management practices, such as the type of sources, N-rate, application time, application method, crop growth stages, and genotypes, have a notable impact on NUE. Different N formulations, such as slow and controlled released fertilizers, have been shown to improve N uptake and, NUE. Increasing N rates are said to boost cotton yield, although high rates may potentially impair the yield depending on the soil and environmental conditions. This study comprehensively reviews various factors including agronomic and environmental constraints that influence N uptake, transport, accumulation, and ultimately NUE in cotton. Furthermore, we explore several agronomic and molecular approaches to enhance efficiency for better N uptake and utilization in cotton. Finally, this objective of this review to highlight a comprehensive view on enhancement of NUE in cotton and could be useful for understanding the physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanism of N in cotton., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Shah, Javed, Singhal, Shabbir, Wang, Hussain, Anuragi, Jinger, Pandey, Abdelsalam, Ghareeb and Jaremko.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. On-farm hydro and nutri-priming increases yield of rainfed pearl millet through physio-biochemical adjustments and anti-oxidative defense mechanism.
- Author
-
Gupta NK, Gupta S, Singh J, Garg NK, Saha D, Singhal RK, Javed T, Al-Huqail AA, Ali HM, Kumar R, and Siddiqui MH
- Subjects
- Defense Mechanisms, Farms, Germination, Hydrogen Peroxide pharmacology, Seedlings, Seeds, Water pharmacology, Pennisetum
- Abstract
Seed priming technique has a marvelous potential in enhancing seed germination and crop establishment under limited soil moisture conditions, which ultimately increases yield. Therefore, we investigated the effects of seed priming on physiology, growth, yield and antioxidant defense system of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) under rain-fed condition. The experiments were conducted under laboratory as well as field conditions comprising three treatments i.e., non-primed seeds (control, T0), priming with tap water (hydropriming) (T1) and priming with 2% KNO3 2% for 6 hours at 25°C followed by shade drying (T2). The results showed that chlorophyll content (10.37-14.15%) and relative water content (RWC) (12.70-13.01%) increased whereas proline (-19.44 to -25%) and soluble sugar (-15.51 to -29.13%) contents decreased on account of seed priming in pearl millet under field conditions. The seed priming significantly improved the plant height, final plant stand and grain weight which resulted in increased yield. Enhanced activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (5.89 to 8.10 unit/g/seed/min), catalase (CAT) (22.54 to 39.67 µmol/min/g/seed) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) (8.92 to 22.10 µmol/cm/min/g) and concomitant decrease in H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) content suggests their role in imparting oxidative tolerance at initial stages of growth in primed seed. The lab studies suggest that the improved yield might be attributes to increased seed germination and seedling vigor. It is recommended that the hydropriming (tap water) or KNO3 (2%) priming of seeds for 6 hours under ambient conditions is effective to enhance growth and yield of pearl millet under rainfed conditions., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Secondary infections modify the overall course of hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a retrospective study from a network of hospitals across North India.
- Author
-
Budhiraja S, Tarai B, Jain D, Aggarwal M, Indrayan A, Das P, Mishra RS, Bali S, Mahajan M, Kirtani J, Tickoo R, Soni P, Nangia V, Lall A, Kishore N, Jain A, Singh O, Singh N, Kumar A, Saxena P, Dewan A, Aggarwal R, Mehra M, Jain M, Nakra V, Sharma BD, Pandey PK, Singh YP, Arora V, Jain S, Chhabra R, Tuli P, Boobna V, Joshi A, Aggarwal M, Gupta R, Aneja P, Dhall S, Arora V, Chugh IM, Garg S, Mittal V, Gupta A, Jyoti B, Sharma P, Bhasin P, Jain S, Singhal RK, Bhasin A, Vardani A, Pal V, Pande DG, Gulati T, Nayar S, Kalra S, Garg M, Pande R, Bag P, Gupta A, Sharma J, Handoo A, Burman P, Gupta AK, Choudhary PN, Gupta A, Gupta P, Joshi S, Tayal N, Gupta M, Khanna A, Kishore S, Sahay S, Dang R, Mishra N, Sekhri S, Srivastava RC, Agrawal MB, Mathur M, Banwari A, Khetarpal S, Pandove S, Bhasin D, Singh H, Midha D, Bhutani A, Kaur M, Singh A, Sharma S, Singla K, Gupta P, Sagar V, Dixit A, Bajpai R, Chachra V, Tyagi P, Saxena S, Uniyal B, Belwal S, Aier I, Singhal M, and Khaduri A
- Abstract
Objective: To gain better insight into the extent of secondary bacterial and fungal infections in hospitalized patients in India, and to assess how these alter the course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) so that control measures can be suggested., Methods: In this retrospective, multicentre study, the data of all patients who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) on reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), admitted to hospital between March 2020 and July 2021, were accessed from the electronic health records of a network of 10 hospitals across five states in North India., Results: Of 19,852 patients testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 on RT-PCR and admitted to the study hospitals during the study period, 1940 (9.8%) patients developed secondary infections (SIs). Patients with SIs were, on average, 8 years older than patients without SIs (median age 62.6 vs 54.3 years; P <0.001). The risk of SIs was significantly ( P <0.001) associated with age, severity of disease at admission, diabetes, admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), and ventilator use. The most common site of infection was urine (41.7%), followed by blood (30.8%) and sputum/bronchoalveolar lavage/endotracheal fluid (24.8%); the least common was pus/wound discharge (2.6%). Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) were the most common organisms (63.2%), followed by Gram-positive cocci (GPC) (19.6%) and fungi (17.3%). Most patients with SIs were on multiple antimicrobials. The most commonly used antibiotics against GNB were beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors (76.9%), carbapenems (57.7%), cephalosporins (53.9%), and antibiotics against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (47.1%). Empirical use of antibiotics against GPC was seen in 58.9% of patients with SIs, and empirical use of antifungals was observed in 56.9% of patients with SIs. The average length of hospital stay for patients with SIs was almost twice as long as that of patients without SIs (median 13 vs 7 days). Overall mortality among patients with SIs (40.3%) was more than eight times higher than that among patients without SIs (4.6%). Only 1.2% of patients with SIs with mild COVID-19 at admission died, compared with 17.5% of those with moderate COVID-19 at admission and 58.5% of those with severe COVID-19 at admission ( P <0.001). The mortality rate was highest in patients with bloodstream infections (49.8%), followed by those with hospital-acquired pneumonia (47.9%), urinary tract infections (29.4%), and skin and soft tissue infections (29.4%). The mortality rate in patients with diabetes with SIs was 45.2%, compared with 34.3% in those without diabetes ( P <0.001)., Conclusions: SIs complicate the course of patients hospitalized with COVID-19. These patients tend to have a much longer hospital stay, a higher requirement for oxygen and ICU care, and a significantly higher mortality rate compared with those without SIs. The groups most vulnerable to SIs are patients with more severe COVID-19, elderly patients and patients with diabetes. Judicious empirical use of combination antimicrobials in these groups of vulnerable patients can save lives. It is desirable to have region- or country-specific guidelines for appropriate use of antibiotics and antifungals to prevent their overuse., (© 2022 The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Alterations of Oxidative Stress Indicators, Antioxidant Enzymes, Soluble Sugars, and Amino Acids in Mustard [ Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss.] in Response to Varying Sowing Time, and Field Temperature.
- Author
-
Chauhan J, Srivastava JP, Singhal RK, Soufan W, Dadarwal BK, Mishra UN, Anuragi H, Rahman MA, Sakran MI, Brestic M, Zivcak M, Skalicky M, and Sabagh AE
- Abstract
The impact of elevated temperature at the reproductive stage of a crop is one of the critical limitations that influence crop growth and productivity globally. This study was aimed to reveal how sowing time and changing field temperature influence on the regulation of oxidative stress indicators, antioxidant enzymes activity, soluble sugars (SS), and amino acids (AA) in Indian Mustard. The current study was carried out during the rabi 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 where, five varieties of mustard viz . Pusa Mustard 25 (PM-25) (V1), PM-26 (V2), BPR-541-4 (V3), RH-406 (V4), and Urvashi (V5) were grown under the field conditions on October 30 (normal sowing; S1), November 18 (late sowing; S2) and November 30 (very late sowing; S3) situations. The S1 and S3 plants, at mid-flowering stage, showed a significant variation in accumulation of SS (8.5 and 17.3%), free AA (235.4 and 224.6%), and proline content (118.1 and 133%), respectively, and played a crucial role in the osmotic adjustment under stress. The results showed that S3 sowing, exhibited a significant induction of the hydrogen peroxide (H
2 O2 ) (110.2 and 86.6%) and malondialdehyde (23.5 and 47.5%) concentrations, respectively, which indicated the sign of oxidative stress in plants. Interestingly, the polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase enzyme activities were also significantly increased in S3 plants compared to S1 plants, indicating their significant roles in ameliorating the oxidative stress. Furthermore, the concentration of fatty acid levels such as palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids level also significantly increased in S3 plants, which influenced the seed and oil quality. The study suggests that the late sowing significantly impaired the biochemical mechanisms in Indian mustard. Further, the mustard variety V4 (RH-406) was found to be effective for cultivation as well as environmental stress adoption in Indian soils, and it could be highly useful in breeding for developing heat-tolerant genotypes for ensuring the food security., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Chauhan, Srivastava, Singhal, Soufan, Dadarwal, Mishra, Anuragi, Rahman, Sakran, Brestic, Zivcak, Skalicky and Sabagh.)- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Recent Advances in Agronomic and Physio-Molecular Approaches for Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Crop Plants.
- Author
-
Javed T, I I, Singhal RK, Shabbir R, Shah AN, Kumar P, Jinger D, Dharmappa PM, Shad MA, Saha D, Anuragi H, Adamski R, and Siuta D
- Abstract
The efficiency with which plants use nutrients to create biomass and/or grain is determined by the interaction of environmental and plant intrinsic factors. The major macronutrients, especially nitrogen (N), limit plant growth and development (1.5-2% of dry biomass) and have a direct impact on global food supply, fertilizer demand, and concern with environmental health. In the present time, the global consumption of N fertilizer is nearly 120 MT (million tons), and the N efficiency ranges from 25 to 50% of applied N. The dynamic range of ideal internal N concentrations is extremely large, necessitating stringent management to ensure that its requirements are met across various categories of developmental and environmental situations. Furthermore, approximately 60 percent of arable land is mineral deficient and/or mineral toxic around the world. The use of chemical fertilizers adds to the cost of production for the farmers and also increases environmental pollution. Therefore, the present study focused on the advancement in fertilizer approaches, comprising the use of biochar, zeolite, and customized nano and bio-fertilizers which had shown to be effective in improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) with lower soil degradation. Consequently, adopting precision farming, crop modeling, and the use of remote sensing technologies such as chlorophyll meters, leaf color charts, etc. assist in reducing the application of N fertilizer. This study also discussed the role of crucial plant attributes such as root structure architecture in improving the uptake and transport of N efficiency. The crosstalk of N with other soil nutrients plays a crucial role in nutrient homeostasis, which is also discussed thoroughly in this analysis. At the end, this review highlights the more efficient and accurate molecular strategies and techniques such as N transporters, transgenes, and omics, which are opening up intriguing possibilities for the detailed investigation of the molecular components that contribute to nitrogen utilization efficiency, thus expanding our knowledge of plant nutrition for future global food security., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Javed, I, Singhal, Shabbir, Shah, Kumar, Jinger, Dharmappa, Shad, Saha, Anuragi, Adamski and Siuta.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Thiol functionalised silica microsphere loaded polymeric hydrogel: Development of a novel hybrid sorbent for removal of lead and cadmium.
- Author
-
Singh S, Basu H, Bassan MKT, and Singhal RK
- Subjects
- Adsorption, Hydrogels, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Kinetics, Lead, Microspheres, Silicon Dioxide, Sulfhydryl Compounds, Cadmium analysis, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis
- Abstract
Current study presents a facile synthesis method for thiol functionalised silica microsphere loaded polymeric hydrogel. Silica microspheres were synthesised as core shell particles by sol-gel method followed by hydrolysis and condensation reaction to form the silica core. The silica was functionalised with thiol and the functionalised silica microsphere was subsequently impregnated into polymeric alginate matrix to form thiol functionalised silica microspheres loaded alginate hydrogel beads (SH-SiO
2 MS-Ca-Alg). The developed components and final products were characterised by BET, FTIR, DLS, SEM-EDS. The developed SH-SiO2 MS-Ca-Alg hydrogel beads were used for efficient removal of Pb and Cd [72-97 % for Pb; 60-85 % for Cd at concentration range of 0.1-100 μg mL-1 and optimum pH 5-7] from aquatic medium. The sorption capacities evaluated for Pb and Cd from Langmuir isotherm were 127.99 and 70.68 mgg-1 respectively. Uptake kinetics, isotherm, thermodynamics, intraparticle diffusion studies were carried out for both Pb (II) and Cd (II). Mechanism of Pb (II) and Cd (II) removal by SH-SiO2 MS-Ca-Alg hydrogel hybrid beads was proposed with the help of zeta potentials of SH-SiO2 MS at different pH along with fraction diagram of Pb and Cd., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Effect of ZnO Nanoparticles on Growth and Biochemical Responses of Wheat and Maize.
- Author
-
Srivastav A, Ganjewala D, Singhal RK, Rajput VD, Minkina T, Voloshina M, Srivastava S, and Shrivastava M
- Abstract
Zinc is an essential element that is also renowned for widespread contamination and toxicity at high concentrations. The present study was carried out to analyze the responses induced by lower, as well as higher, doses of zinc (0-200 mg/L), in the form of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in wheat and maize, for a period of 21 days. Accumulation of zinc increases with increasing Zn doses in both wheat and maize, with higher doses being in wheat (121 mg/kg in root and 66 mg/kg in shoot) than in maize (95 mg/kg in root and 48 mg/kg in shoot). The activity of alpha-amylase showed increase, while that of dehydrogenase decline, in response to ZnO NPs. The length and biomass of plants and photosynthetic pigments increased slightly upon ZnO NPs supply. Malondialdehyde content showed a progressive increase in root and shoot of both plants. However, in response, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, and catalase) showed increase up to lower concentrations (100 mg/L) of ZnO NPs but decline variably at higher levels (150-200 mg/L) in wheat and maize. The results suggest that lower supply of ZnO NPs (100 mg/L) could be stimulatory to the growth of plants and can be recommended as a Zn fertilizer source for crop production.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Crucial Cell Signaling Compounds Crosstalk and Integrative Multi-Omics Techniques for Salinity Stress Tolerance in Plants.
- Author
-
Singhal RK, Saha D, Skalicky M, Mishra UN, Chauhan J, Behera LP, Lenka D, Chand S, Kumar V, Dey P, Indu, Pandey S, Vachova P, Gupta A, Brestic M, and El Sabagh A
- Abstract
In the era of rapid climate change, abiotic stresses are the primary cause for yield gap in major agricultural crops. Among them, salinity is considered a calamitous stress due to its global distribution and consequences. Salinity affects plant processes and growth by imposing osmotic stress and destroys ionic and redox signaling. It also affects phytohormone homeostasis, which leads to oxidative stress and eventually imbalances metabolic activity. In this situation, signaling compound crosstalk such as gasotransmitters [nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (H
2 S), hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), calcium (Ca), reactive oxygen species (ROS)] and plant growth regulators (auxin, ethylene, abscisic acid, and salicylic acid) have a decisive role in regulating plant stress signaling and administer unfavorable circumstances including salinity stress. Moreover, recent significant progress in omics techniques (transcriptomics, genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) have helped to reinforce the deep understanding of molecular insight in multiple stress tolerance. Currently, there is very little information on gasotransmitters and plant growth regulator crosstalk and inadequacy of information regarding the integration of multi-omics technology during salinity stress. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the crucial cell signaling crosstalk mechanisms and integrative multi-omics techniques to provide a more direct approach for salinity stress tolerance. To address the above-mentioned words, this review covers the common mechanisms of signaling compounds and role of different signaling crosstalk under salinity stress tolerance. Thereafter, we mention the integration of different omics technology and compile recent information with respect to salinity stress tolerance., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Singhal, Saha, Skalicky, Mishra, Chauhan, Behera, Lenka, Chand, Kumar, Dey, Indu, Pandey, Vachova, Gupta, Brestic and El Sabagh.)- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Comparison of hypotensive properties of dexmedetomidine versus clonidine for induced hypotension during functional endoscopic sinus surgery: A randomised, double-blind interventional study.
- Author
-
Bafna U, Sharma P, Singhal RK, Gurjar SS, and Bhargava SK
- Abstract
Background and Aims: Excessive bleeding is a major concern in functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) under general anaesthesia; this can be decreased by various hypotensive agents. This study was conducted to compare the hypotensive effectiveness and haemodynamic stability of dexmedetomidine and clonidine in patients undergoing elective FESS., Methods: In this prospective double-blinded interventional study, 70 adult patients of either sex, 20-50 years of age, posted for elective FESS were randomly assigned to two groups. Group A received a loading dose of intravenous (IV) dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg, followed by infusion of 1 μg/kg/h, and group B received a loading dose of IV clonidine 2 μg/kg, followed by 1 μg/kg/h infusion. Surgical field quality, emergence time, sedation score, visual analogue score, recovery profile and haemodynamic parameters were recorded. Statistical analysis was done by Student's unpaired t -test to evaluate the significance of normally distributed variables, whereas Mann-Whitney test and Chi-square test were used for ordinal data and categorical variables and proportions, respectively., Results: In both the groups, target mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 65-70 mmHg and improved surgical field quality were achieved. MAP and heart rate (HR) were statistically significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group with a longer duration of post-operative analgesia ( P = 0.001). None of the groups showed any statistically significant adverse effects., Conclusions: Both dexmedetomidine and clonidine can be used for controlled hypotension to improve surgical field quality in FESS. Dexmedetomidine provides more haemodynamic stability and an additional benefit of post-operative analgesia and conscious sedation., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2021 Indian Journal of Anaesthesia.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Artificial night light alters ecosystem services provided by biotic components.
- Author
-
Singhal RK, Chauhan J, Jatav HS, Rajput VD, Singh GS, and Bose B
- Subjects
- Cities, Humans, Light Pollution analysis, Light Pollution prevention & control, Biota physiology, Ecosystem, Light Pollution adverse effects
- Abstract
The global catastrophe of natural biodiversity and ecosystem services are expedited with the growing human population. Repercussions of artificial light at night ALAN are much wider, as it varies from unicellular to higher organism. Subsequently, hastened pollution and over exploitation of natural resources accelerate the expeditious transformation of climatic phenomenon and further cause global biodiversity losses. Moreover, it has a crucial role in global biodiversity and ecosystem services losses via influencing the ecosystem biodiversity by modulating abundance, number and aggregation at every levels as from individual to biome levels. Along with these affects, it disturbs the population, genetics and landscape structures by interfering inter- and intra-species interactions and landscape formation processes. Furthermore, alterations in normal light/dark (diurnal) signalling disrupt the stable physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes and modulate the regulating, cultural and provisioning ecosystem services and ultimately disorganize the stable ecosystem structure and functions. Moreover, ALAN reshapes the abiotic component of the ecosystem, and as a key component of global warming via producing greenhouse gases via emitting light. By taking together the above facts, this review highlights the impact of ALAN on the ecosystem and its living and non-living components, emphasizing to the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem. Further, we summarize the means of minimizing strategies of ALAN in the environment, which are very crucial to reduce the further spread of night light contamination in the environment and can be useful to minimize the drastic impacts on the ecosystem., (© 2021. Akadémiai Kiadó Zrt.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. A Comparative Evaluation of Smear Layer Removal by Using Four Different Irrigation Solutions like Root Canal Irrigants: An In Vitro SEM Study.
- Author
-
Mankeliya S, Singhal RK, Gupta A, Jaiswal N, Pathak VK, and Kushwah A
- Subjects
- Dental Pulp Cavity, Edetic Acid, Humans, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Root Canal Irrigants, Root Canal Preparation, Sodium Hypochlorite, Smear Layer
- Abstract
Background: The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 18% etidronic acid, 10% citric acid, and 7% maleic acid in the removal of smear layer at the apical third of the root canals., Materials and Methods: Sixty single-rooted teeth were equally divided into four study groups ( n = 15), according to the type of irrigant used (17% EDTA, 18% etidronic acid, 10% citric acid, and 7% maleic acid) to remove the smear layer effectively from apical third of root canal. In each group, respective irrigant was used with 5.25% of sodium hypochlorite during instrumentation. Each study sample was then sectioned longitudinally and removal of smear layer was observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at 2000×., Results: A 7% maleic acid revealed better smear layer removal than all other three groups at apical third. A 10% citric acid was found to be more efficient than EDTA and etidronic acid. The intergroup comparison was performed using Mann-Whitney U test, and there was no significant difference between all the study groups, except maleic acid., Conclusion: The present study compared the effect of various irrigants as an adjunct with 5.25% of sodium hypochlorite for root canal irrigation during and after instrumentation. The use of irrigants aids in the removal of the smear layer from the root canals, thereby increasing the success rate of endodontic therapy., Clinical Significance: This study supports the hypothesis that a thorough use of root canal irrigants can efficiently remove the smear layer which is the key for successful root canal treatment. The present study helps in choosing an appropriate irrigant that can ensure complete root canal debridement from all thirds, especially from the apical third of the root canal. How to cite this article: Mankeliya S, Singhal RK, Gupta A, et al . A Comparative Evaluation of Smear Layer Removal by Using Four Different Irrigation Solutions like Root Canal Irrigants: An In Vitro SEM Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2021;22(5):527-531.
- Published
- 2021
42. An overview of molecular biology and nanotechnology based analytical methods for the detection of SARS-CoV-2: promising biotools for the rapid diagnosis of COVID-19.
- Author
-
Kailasa SK, Mehta VN, Koduru JR, Basu H, Singhal RK, Murthy ZVP, and Park TJ
- Subjects
- Antibodies, Viral blood, COVID-19 virology, Humans, Immunoassay, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques, RNA, Viral analysis, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, SARS-CoV-2 genetics, SARS-CoV-2 isolation & purification, Viral Proteins genetics, Viral Proteins immunology, COVID-19 diagnosis, Nanotechnology, SARS-CoV-2 metabolism
- Abstract
Currently, the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is drastically affecting 214 countries, causing severe pneumonia in patients, which has resulted in lockdown being implemented in several countries to stop its local transmission. Considering this, the rapid screening and accurate detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; 2019-nCoV) play an essential role in the diagnosis of COVID-19, which can minimize local transmission and prevent an epidemic. Due to this public health emergency, the development of ultra-fast reliable diagnostic kits is essential for the diagnosis of COVID-19. Recently, molecular biology and nanotechnology based analytical methods have proven to be promising diagnostic tools for the rapid screening of 2019-nCoV with high accuracy and precision. The main aim of this review is to provide a retrospective overview on the molecular biology tools (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP)) and nanotechnology based analytical tools (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), RT-PCR, and lateral flow assay) for the rapid diagnosis of COVID-19. This review also presents recent reports on other analytical techniques including paper spray mass spectrometry for the diagnosis of COVID-19 in clinical samples. Finally, we provide a quick reference on molecular biology and nanotechnology based analytical tools for COVID-19 diagnosis in clinical samples.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Hepatic toxicological responses of SiO 2 nanoparticle on Oreochromis mossambicus.
- Author
-
Athif P, Suganthi P, Murali M, Sadiq Bukhari A, Syed Mohamed HE, Basu H, and Singhal RK
- Subjects
- Animals, Fish Proteins metabolism, Liver metabolism, Liver pathology, Liver drug effects, Nanoparticles toxicity, Silicon Dioxide toxicity, Tilapia metabolism, Water Pollutants, Chemical toxicity
- Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate the impact of various concentrations of SiO
2 nanoparticles (SiO2 NP) on the commonly available freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus. The 96 h median lethal concentration (LC50 ) of SiO2 NP was found to be between 270-280 ppm. This novel study has demonstrated histological alterations in the hepatic tissues and a dose-dependent depletion of tissue protein content and an elevated transaminases activity in the treated fish, which has facilitated understanding of the impact of SiO2 NP in O. mossambicus., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Evaluation of selected pharmaceuticals and personal care products in water matrix using ion trap mass spectrometry: A simple weighted calibration curve approach.
- Author
-
Gopal CM, Bhat K, Praveenkumarreddy Y, Shailesh, Kumar V, Basu H, Joshua DI, Singhal RK, and Balakrishna K
- Subjects
- Anti-Bacterial Agents analysis, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal analysis, Calibration, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid methods, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid standards, Chromatography, Reverse-Phase methods, Chromatography, Reverse-Phase standards, Cosmetics analysis, India, Limit of Detection, Parabens analysis, Plasticizers analysis, Rivers, Solid Phase Extraction methods, Solid Phase Extraction standards, Tandem Mass Spectrometry standards, Water chemistry, Environmental Monitoring methods, Tandem Mass Spectrometry methods, Water analysis, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis, Water Pollution, Chemical prevention & control
- Abstract
A novel analytical method is presented for 12 target pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), belonging to different classes like antibiotics, non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, parabens, UV-filters, plasticizer, and antibacterials. The method development comprises of solid-phase extraction (SPE) with lipophilic-hydrophilic material balanced Oasis HLB cartridge, followed by reverse-phase liquid chromatography interfaced to linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with electrospray ionization. Chromatographic separation was achieved with a gradient elution of 25 min run time using 5 mM ammonium acetate buffer with pH adjustment using acetic acid. In addition, cost effective organic solvent with buffer used together as the mobile phase with Chromatopak C
18 column (150 mm × 4 mm, 5-μm,) in negative ionization mode. Recoveries ranged from 61.74 % to 119.89 % for most of the compounds. Matrix-matched calibration curves were used for counterbalancing the matrix effects for all the analytes, and ibuprofen D3 internal standard was used for assessing the effectiveness of extraction technique and monitoring the recovery of sample analysis. Simple empirical weighted linear regression curve technique was adopted practically for each analysis in enhancing the analyte accuracy at lower quantification level. The 1/x2 model was selected as the best suitable model for quantification of analytes, which can be evaluated by deviation from back-calculated concentration in terms of percentage relative error (%RE). Weighted calibration curves with regression value for most of the compounds were ≥ 0.98, except triclosan with a regression value ≥ 0.93. Precision showed as % relative standard deviation (%RSD) were always below 15.0 %. Accuracy-test was evaluated by the statistical one-sample t-test and no significant difference was observed between nominal and experimental value. The limit of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 3.0 ng/mL (BP1) to 1000 ng/mL (naproxen). Finally, the validated method was used for the first time to determine target analytes in surface water samples collected from Arkavathi river flowing across southern India's Bengaluru city., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest No conflict of interest was reported by the authors., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Simple hydrothermal approach for synthesis of fluorescent molybdenum disulfide quantum dots: Sensing of Cr 3+ ion and cellular imaging.
- Author
-
Desai ML, Jha S, Basu H, Saha S, Singhal RK, and Kailasa SK
- Subjects
- Animals, Cell Line, Cell Survival drug effects, Fluorescent Dyes chemical synthesis, Fluorescent Dyes pharmacology, Fresh Water analysis, Hypocreales physiology, Ions chemistry, Mercaptopurine chemistry, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Rats, Spectrometry, Fluorescence, Chromium analysis, Disulfides chemistry, Fluorescent Dyes chemistry, Molybdenum chemistry, Quantum Dots chemistry
- Abstract
Nowadays, fluorescent molybdenum disulfide quantum dots (MoS
2 QDs) have proven to be potential candidates in the sensing and bioimaging areas owing to their exceptional intrinsic characteristics. Here, a simple hydrothermal strategy was explored for the preparation of MoS2 QDs using ammonium heptamolybdate and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) as precursors. The emission peak of MoS2 QDs was significantly quenched in the presence Cr3+ ion due to the selective surface chemistry on the surfaces of MoS2 QDs. The designed fluorescent MoS2 QDs showed a linear fluorescence quenching response with increasing concentration of Cr3+ ion (0.1-10 μM), allowing to detect Cr3+ ion even at 0.08 μM. This fluorescent MoS2 QDs were utilized for the quantification of Cr3+ ion in real samples (water and biological samples). Interestingly, the synthesized MoS2 QDs exhibited negligible cytotoxicity on NRK cells and acted as good candidates for imaging of Trichoderma viride fungal cells., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no competing financial interest., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Leaf mass area determines water use efficiency through its influence on carbon gain in rice mutants.
- Author
-
Reddy SH, Singhal RK, DaCosta MVJ, Kambalimath SK, Rajanna MP, Muthurajan R, Sevanthi AM, Mohapatra T, Sarla N, Chinnusamy V, S GK, Singh AK, Singh NK, Sharma RP, Pathappa N, and Sheshshayee SM
- Subjects
- Photosynthesis, Carbon metabolism, Oryza physiology, Plant Leaves physiology, Water physiology
- Abstract
Saving water and enhancing rice productivity are consensually the most important research goals globally. While increasing canopy cover would enhance growth rates by higher photosynthetic carbon gain, an accompanied increase in transpiration would have a negative impact on saving water as well as for sustainability under water-limited conditions. Increased water use efficiency (WUE) by virtue of higher carbon assimilatory capacity can significantly circumvent this trade-off. Here, we report leaf mass area (LMA) has an important canopy architecture trait which when combined with superior carboxylation efficiency (CE) would achieve higher water productivity in rice. A set of 130 ethyl methanesulfonate induced mutants of an upland cultivar Nagina-22 (N22), was screened for leaf morphological traits leading to the identification of mutants differing in LMA. The wild-type, N22, along with a selected low-LMA (380-4-3) and two high-LMA mutants (392-9-1 and 457-1-3), all with comparable total leaf area, were raised under well-watered (100% Field Capacity (FC)) and water-limited (60% FC) conditions. Low Δ
13 C and a higher RuBisCO content in high-LMA mutants indicated higher carboxylation efficiency, leading to increased carbon gain. Single parent backcross populations developed by crossing high and the low-LMA mutants with N22, separately, were screened for LMA, Δ13 C and growth traits. Comparison of dry matter accumulation per unit leaf area among the progenies differing in LMA and Δ13 C reiterated the association of LMA with CE. Results illustrated that high-LMA when combined with higher CE (low Δ13 C) lead to increased WUE and growth rates., (© 2020 Scandinavian Plant Physiology Society.)- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Acid Oxidation of Muskmelon Fruit for the Fabrication of Carbon Dots with Specific Emission Colors for Recognition of Hg 2+ Ions and Cell Imaging.
- Author
-
Desai ML, Jha S, Basu H, Singhal RK, Park TJ, and Kailasa SK
- Abstract
In this study, water-soluble emissive carbon dots (CDs) are effectively fabricated with specific optical properties and colors by acid oxidation of muskmelon ( Cucumis melo ) fruit, which are termed as C. melo CDs (CMCDs). The fluorescence properties of CMCDs were tuned by controlling the experimental conditions that allow them to emit different colors, that is, blue (B-), green (G-), and yellow (Y-) CMCDs, with different emission wavelengths at 432, 515, and 554 nm when excited at 342, 415, and 425 nm, respectively. The fabricated multicolor-emissive CDs were confirmed by various analytical techniques. The sizes of B-, G-, and Y-CMCDs were found to be ∼3.5, ∼4.3, and ∼5.8 nm, respectively. The as-prepared CMCDs display stable emissions with quantum yields of 7.07, 26.9, and 14.3% for the three CMCDs, which could act as a promising probe for the selective detection of Hg
2+ ions. Upon the addition of Hg2+ ions, the fluorescence intensity of G-CMCDs at 515 nm was quenched largely than that of B- and Y-CMCDs. The spectroscopic results display that the G-CMCDs acted as a sensor for the detection of Hg2+ ions with a wide linear range from 1.0 to 25 μM ( R2 = 0.9855) with a detection limit of 0.33 μM. This method was successfully applied to detect Hg2+ ions in biological and water samples. The fabricated multicolor-emissive CMCDs possess the cell ( Cunninghamella elegans , Aspergillus flavus, and Rhizoctonia solani ) imaging property, suggesting the biocompatible nature for multicolor imaging of various cells., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society.)- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Effect of cobalt-60 gamma radiation on total hemocyte content and biochemical parameters in Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879).
- Author
-
Stalin A, Suganthi P, Mathivani S, Broos KV, Gokula V, Sadiq Bukhari A, Syed Mohamed HE, Singhal RK, and Venu-Babu P
- Subjects
- Animals, Carbohydrate Metabolism radiation effects, Cell Count, Palaemonidae cytology, Palaemonidae metabolism, Cobalt Radioisotopes adverse effects, Gamma Rays adverse effects, Hemocytes cytology, Hemocytes radiation effects, Palaemonidae radiation effects
- Abstract
Purpose: The effect of low level cobalt-60 (
60 Co) gamma radiation on the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii was evaluated by observing their hemocyte counts and biochemical parameters. Materials and methods: Prawns were exposed to 3, 30, 300 and 3000 milligray (mGy) dose levels and their tissues of gills, hepatopancreas and muscle were analyzed. Results: The results showed that the number of hemocytes in the hemolymph and concentrations of protein and carbohydrate were significantly reduced in irradiated groups than compared to the control prawn. Increased aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Acetyl choline esterase (AChE) in the irradiated groups reflects tissue damage. Conclusions: Hence, this study concludes that even low level of ionizing radiation (60 Co gamma) can cause acute damages in gills, hepatopancreas and muscles in irradiated groups. Highlights60 Co exposures effect the THC and biochemical of prawn M. rosenbergii . Different dose levels such as 3, 30, 300 and 3000 mGy. Biochemical parameters serve as reliable indicators of physical status of organism. Self-regulating mechanisms might be the reason for preventing from the lethality. Suggested that nuclear industries should manage below 3 mGy.- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Allele-specific analysis of single parent backcross population identifies HOX10 transcription factor as a candidate gene regulating rice root growth.
- Author
-
Reddy SH, Kambalimath SK, Singhal RK, Chikkakariyappa MK, Muthurajan R, Rajanna MP, Sreevathsa R, Sevanthi AM, Mohapatra T, Sarla N, Chinnusamy V, Krishnan GS, Singh AK, Singh NK, Sharma RP, and Sheshshayee SM
- Subjects
- Alleles, Biomass, Oryza genetics, Plant Proteins genetics, Plant Proteins metabolism, Plant Roots genetics, Transcription Factors genetics, Oryza growth & development, Oryza metabolism, Plant Roots growth & development, Plant Roots metabolism, Transcription Factors metabolism
- Abstract
Understanding the molecular and physiological mechanisms of trait diversity is crucial for crop improvement to achieve drought adaptation. Root traits such as high biomass and/or deep rootedness are undoubtedly important drought adaptive traits. The major aim of this investigation was to functionally characterize a set of ethyl methane sulfonate-induced rice mutants for root traits. We report the identification of a high-root biomass mutant through a novel screening strategy for yield and Δ
13 C measurements. The high-root mutant (392-9-1) thus identified, had a 66% higher root biomass compared to wild-type (Nagina-22). Better maintenance of leaf turgor and carbon assimilation rates resulted in lower drought susceptibility index in 392-9-1. Targeted resequencing revealed three non-synonymous single nucleotide variations in 392-9-1 for the genes HOX10, CITRATE SYNTHASE and ZEAXANTHIN EPOXIDASE. Segregation pattern of phenotype and mutant alleles in a single parent backcross F2 population revealed a typical 3:1 segregation for each of the mutant alleles. The number of F2 progeny with root biomass equal to or greater than that of 392-9-1 represented approximately one-third of the population indicating a major role played by HOX10 gene in regulating root growth in rice. Allele-specific Sanger sequencing in contrasting F2 progenies confirmed the co-segregation of HOX10 allele with the root biomass. The non-synonymous mutations in the other two genes did not reveal any specific pattern of co-segregation with root phenotype, indicating a strong role of HOX10, an upstream transcription factor, in regulating root biomass in rice., (© 2018 Scandinavian Plant Physiology Society.)- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Influence of doping ion, capping agent and pH on the fluorescence properties of zinc sulfide quantum dots: Sensing of Cu 2+ and Hg 2+ ions and their biocompatibility with cancer and fungal cells.
- Author
-
Desai ML, Deshmukh B, Lenka N, Haran V, Jha S, Basu H, Singhal RK, Sharma PK, Kailasa SK, and Kim KH
- Subjects
- Cell Cycle drug effects, Cell Line, Tumor, Fresh Water analysis, Fresh Water chemistry, Glutathione chemistry, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Manganese chemistry, Materials Testing, Nanoparticles chemistry, Quantum Dots toxicity, Rhizopus cytology, Spectrometry, Fluorescence methods, Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis, Copper analysis, Fluorescent Dyes chemistry, Mercury analysis, Quantum Dots chemistry, Sulfides chemistry, Zinc Compounds chemistry
- Abstract
Herein, a facile one-pot synthetic method was explored for the fabrication of glutathione capped Mn
2+ doped‑zinc sulphide quantum dots (GSH-Mn2+ -ZnS QDs) for both fluorescent detection of Cu2+ and Hg2+ ions and for fluorescence imaging of two cancer (RIN5F and MDAMB231) and fungal (Rhizopus oryzae) cells. Particularly, doping of Mn2+ into ZnS QDs nanocrystal structure resulted a great improvement in the fluorescence properties of ZnS QDs. The emission peak of undoped ZnS QDs was found at 447 nm, which is due to the large number of surface defects in the ZnS QDs nanostructures. Under identical conditions, there is a good linear relationship between the quenching of fluorescence intensity and analytes (Cu2+ and Hg2+ ions) concentration in the range of 0.005 to 0.2 mM and of 0.025 to 0.4 mM for Cu2+ and Hg2+ ions, respectively. The GSH-Mn2+ -ZnS QDs exhibit least cytotoxicity against RIN5F and MDAMB231 cells, demonstrating the multifunctional applications in sensing of metal ions and biocompatibility towards cancer (RIN5F and MDAMB231) and fungal (Rhizopus oryzae) cells., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.