Search

The development of highly efficient and selective catalysts for carbonylation reactions represents a significant challenge in catalysis. Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have postulated as promising candidates able to combine the strengths of both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. In this paper, we review recent advances in tailoring solid supports for SACs to enhance their catalytic performance in carbonylation reactions. We first discuss the effect of supports on the hydroformylation reaction catalysed by SACs, followed by recent advances for methanol, ethanol, and dimethyl ether carbonylation reactions, focusing on the design of halide‐free catalysts with improved activity and stability. Finally, oxidative carbonylation is discussed. Overall, this review highlights the importance of tailoring solid supports for SACs to achieve highly active and selective catalysts in carbonylation reactions, paving the way for future developments in sustainable catalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrate an electrostatic confinement‐induced charge transfer pathway in a supramolecular photocatalyst comprising of an ionic covalent organic framework (COF) and cationic metal complexes. The dynamic electrostatic interactions not only attract cations around the COF to accept photogenerated electrons, but also allow for a retention of homogeneous catalytic characters of complexes, making a subtle balance. Accordingly, the electrostatic confinement effect facilitates the forward electron transfer from a photoexcited COF to cationic Co complex, realizing a remarkable photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance. Its catalytic efficiency is far superior to the supramolecular counterparts with Van‐der‐Waals or hydrogen bonding interactions. This work presents an insight for enhancing charge transfer in supramolecular systems, and provides an effective approach for construction of highly efficient photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, the synthesis and characterization of two robust tungsten and rhenium carbonyl complexes integrated into an organic polymer (CPP‐Re, CPP‐W) are reported. These polymers are obtained by a Suzuki coupling reaction between the corresponding dibromo metal‐carbonyl substituted dipyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazine complex and 1,3,5‐triphenylbenzene‐4′,4″,4″,4‴‐triboronic acid and integrated catalytic active sites and photosensitizer since they have not only nitrogen sites to coordinate metal active centers as rhenium or tungsten but photoactive units with good charge‐separating ability which can significantly improve the CO2 photoreduction reaction (CO2PRR). These polymers show similar activity in solid–gas CO2PRR in absence of sacrificial agents to produce syn gas (CO + H2) but CPP‐W selectivity to products change regarding CPP‐Re being able to produce also large amount of more demanding electron products such as methane and ethane. Moreover, the single‐site Re‐ or W‐CPP catalysts could prevent the dimerization of complexes that produces its deactivation. This work shows the potential of CPPs as matrices to support single active centers for heterogeneous catalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Formamide (HCONH2) plays a pivotal role in the manufacture of a diverse array of chemicals, fertilizers, and pharmaceuticals. Photocatalysis holds great promise for green fabrication of carbon‐nitrogen (C−N) compounds owing to its environmental friendliness and mild redox capability. However, the selective formation of the C−N bond presents a significant challenge in the photocatalytic synthesis of C−N compounds. This work developed a photocatalytic radical coupling method for the formamide synthesis from co‐oxidation of ammonia (NH3) and methanol (CH3OH). An exceptional formamide yield rate of 5.47±0.03 mmol ⋅ gcat−1 ⋅ h−1 (911.87±5 mmol ⋅ gBi−1 ⋅ h−1) was achieved over atomically dispersed Bi sites (BiSAs) on TiO2. An accumulation of 45.68 mmol ⋅ gcat−1 (2.0 g ⋅ gcat−1) of formamide was achieved after long‐term illumination, representing the highest level of photocatalytic C−N compounds synthesis. The critical C−N coupling for formamide formation originated from the "σ–σ" interaction between electrophilic ⋅CH2OH with nucleophilic ⋅NH2 radical. The BiSAs sites facilitated the electron transfer between reactants and photocatalysts and enhanced the nucleophilic attack of ⋅NH2 radical on the ⋅CH2OH radical, thereby advancing the selective C−N bond formation. This work deepens the understanding of the C−N coupling mechanism and offers an intriguing photocatalytic approach for the efficient and sustainable production of C−N compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Liver resection is a critical surgical procedure for treating various hepatic pathologies. Minimally invasive approaches have gradually gained importance, and, in recent years, the introduction of robotic surgery has transformed the surgical landscape, providing potential advantages such as enhanced precision and stable ergonomic vision. Among robotic techniques, the single-site approach has garnered increasing attention due to its potential to minimize surgical trauma and improve cosmetic outcomes. However, the full extent of its utility and efficacy in liver resection has yet to be thoroughly explored. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive systematic review to evaluate the current role of the single-site robotic approach in liver resection. A detailed search of PubMed was performed to identify relevant studies published up to January 2024. Eligible studies were critically appraised, and data concerning surgical outcomes, perioperative parameters, and post-operative complications were extracted and analyzed. Results: Our review synthesizes evidence from six studies, encompassing a total of seven cases undergoing robotic single-site hepatic resection (SSHR) using various versions of the da Vinci© system. Specifically, the procedures included five left lateral segmentectomy, one right hepatectomy, and one caudate lobe resection. We provide a summary of the surgical techniques, indications, selection criteria, and outcomes associated with this approach. Conclusion: The single-site robotic approach represents an option among the minimally invasive approaches in liver surgery. However, although the feasibility has been demonstrated, further studies are needed to elucidate its optimal utilization, long-term outcomes, and comparative effectiveness against the other techniques. This systematic review provides valuable insights into the current state of single-site robotic liver resection and underscores the need for continued research in this rapidly evolving field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to establish the noninferiority of robotic single-site (RSS) surgery compared with multiport laparoscopic (MPL) surgery in surgical outcomes and overall survival for early endometrial cancer. This study was conducted retrospectively in a single center and included 421 patients who underwent either RSS (n = 146) or MPL (n = 275) surgery between 2014 and 2022. In terms of perioperative outcomes, the RSS group had a longer operating time than the MPL surgery group (mean (standard deviation [SD]) RSS 97.55 [29.79] vs. MPL 85.56 [26.13], p < 0.001). However, no significant differences in estimated blood loss or perioperative complications were found between the groups (p = 0.196 and p = 0.080, respectively). The patients in the RSS group were discharged earlier than those in the MPL group (mean [SD]): 4.06 [3.24] vs. 9.39 [4.76], p < 0.001). Regarding oncologic outcomes, no significant differences in the type of therapy, disease stage, tumor grade, histopathological type, or lymphovascular invasion were found between the groups. No statistically significant differences were found in the disease-free (p = 0.27) and overall survival rates (p = 0.5) either. In conclusion, this study suggests that RSS and MPL surgery are both safe and effective options for staging operations in patients with early-stage endometrial cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundSplenic cysts are relatively rare benign tumors that are asymptomatic in most patients and are usually discovered incidentally by imaging. In our case, we report a splenic cyst in a child who underwent laparoscopic partial splenectomy.Case descriptionA 13-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital after an incidental finding of a splenic cyst on an abdominal ultrasound conducted 4 days prior. He was asymptomatic before admission. Upon admission, abdominal ultrasound and CT revealed a cystic lesion in the spleen, highly suspicious for a splenic cyst. Then, we used transumbilical single-site laparoscopic exploration and found a cyst measuring approximately 12 cm × 11 cm × 10 cm at the upper pole of the spleen, so we performed a partial splenectomy and diagnosed a primary epithelioid splenic cyst via postoperative pathology.ConclusionsSplenic cysts in children are very rare and can be treated conservatively in asymptomatic patients with a diameter of less than 5 cm, while surgery is required in symptomatic patients or those with a diameter greater than or equal to 5 cm. Transumbilical single-site laparoscopic partial splenectomy is a minimally invasive and effective treatment, especially for children.

To evaluate whether laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) offers advantages over conventional laparoscopy (CL) in benign adnexal surgery. Randomized controlled study. Gynecology-Obstetrics Unit of the University Hospital of the Conception in Marseille, France. Patients older than 18 years requiring ovarian cystectomy or salpingo-oophorectomy by laparoscopy for symptomatic ovarian cysts requiring benign or prophylactic surgery. In the case of ovarian cysts, premenopausal patients typically undergo a unilateral cystectomy, whereas postmenopausal patients undergo a unilateral or bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy upon a patient's request. In cases requiring prophylactic surgery, a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. All participants were randomly assigned to either the LESS or the CL group. Patients in both groups reported similar levels of pain at 24 hours: Simple Numerical Scale was 1.3 (standard deviation, 1.5) in the LESS group vs 1.7 (standard deviation, 1.5) in the CL group (p =.12), and there were no significant differences in postoperative pain at 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, and 7 days. Furthermore, there was no difference in analgesic consumption. Regarding intraoperative criteria, the only difference was the longer operating time in the LESS group than the CL group. We also found that patients' satisfaction with their scar at 1 month may be higher with LESS than with CL. There was no significant difference between the 2 techniques in postoperative pain, although the LESS technique necessitated a longer operative time than the CL technique, while providing better aesthetic result patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Minimally invasive surgery has been established as the gold standard for the treatment of localised renal tumours. A retroperitoneal approach is a feasible option with advantages in posterior tumours and patients with previous abdominal surgeries. In this context, single-port retroperitoneoscopic partial nephrectomy (SPOR-PN) has not been widely explored and developed. We present this technique's description and our first results. Methods: We present a case series of nine patients undergoing SPOR-PN in a single institution. We used a multi-channel single-port access dispositive through a 35 mm incision below the 12th rib, a 30° two-dimensional laparoscope, curved graspers and needle drivers on the left hand and standard rigid material in the right hand. In all surgeries, we performed a complete renorrhaphy with the sliding-clip technique. The pain was evaluated through visual analogue scale (VAS) the day after surgery. Results: Patients' age ranged from 44 to 78 years. The median RENAL score was 5p, and the mean surgical time was 134 min. We performed an 'off-clamp' procedure on three patients. Among the patients who had renal artery clamped, the median ischaemia time was 18 min. The median in-hospital stay time was 48 h. Median VAS the day after surgery was 2. None of the anatomical pieces had positive borders. Only one complication was reported (Clavien IIIa). Conclusions: SPOR-PN is a feasible minimally invasive and nephron-sparing technique. The advantages of this procedure may not be only a better cosmetic appearance but also less post-operative pain. Further development and larger studies are needed.

Iodine (I), with abundant extra-nuclear electrons and high electronegativity, can enhance the performance of catalysts by electronic tuning effects of I single-site. However, I atoms are always located at shallow surfaces of catalysts, leading to fast volatilization and subsequent poor catalytic stability. Herein, we conceive a single-site I doped RuO 2 catalyst via heating RuI 3 in air, wherein the I concentration gradually increases from shallow to deep surfaces. This ensures that partial I atoms are located in oxygen octahedral voids of RuO 2 as single-site at deep surfaces of catalyst, avoiding I loss during catalysis. Impressively, I-introduction decreases the valence of Ru and strengthens the adsorption of *H on Ru actives, and then superior hydrogen evolution activity (14 mV @ 10 mA cm−2) is achieved in alkaline media. Additionally, both the confined effect of oxygen octahedral voids on I single atoms and stable I-O bonds make the catalyst durable for 50 h. [Display omitted] • Imprisonment of iodine (I) single atom at deep surfaces by one-step pyrolysis of RuI 3. • Stabilization of single-site I by oxygen octahedral voids and I-O bonds. • Single-site I modulates electronic structures of RuO 2 and changes rate-decisive step. • Calculations unveil that enrichment of electrons around Ru optimizes intermediate adsorption. • Single-site I doped RuO 2 exhibits outstanding HER performance in alkaline water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Robot-assisted simple prostatectomy (RASP) has emerged as a safe surgical treatment for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia with large glands (>80 mL). Several studies reported on perioperative outcomes of RASP by the standard multiport (MP) da Vinci® robotic system approach. Studies conducted on RASP utilizing the novel single-port (SP) da Vinci SP robotic platform (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA) are scarce. We aimed to compare intraoperative and short-term postoperative outcomes between the da Vinci MP and SP robots for patients undergoing RASP in a referral center. Methods: In this retrospective study, we reviewed all patients who underwent RASP using MP or SP robot from September 2016 to March 2021. Intraoperative data, overall 30-day complications, complications by Clavien–Dindo classification, and 90-day readmission and reoperation rates were assessed and compared between the two groups using appropriate statistical methods. Results: Seventy-five patients who underwent RASP were identified. Of these, 47 were in the MP group and 28 were in the SP. Compared with SP, mean operative time in MP group was 216.6 vs 232.4 minutes (p = 0.39), estimated blood loss was 195.7 vs 227.1 mL (p = 0.43), and length of stay was 2 vs 2.5 days (p = 0.45). There was a trend toward higher overall complication rate in SP group vs MP (42.86% vs 21.28%, p = 0.09). There were no significant differences in the readmission (17.02% vs 10.71%, p = 0.52) and reoperation (2.1% vs 7.14%, p = 0.34) rates between MP vs SP group. Conclusion: SP-RASP is safe and shows equivalent perioperative outcomes when compared with the MP robotic system. A marginal increase of complication rate was recorded in the SP group; however, this did not demonstrate statistical significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Long-term outcomes of SIRC are not well established. Furthermore, SIRC is only now being considered more frequently for patients with independent risk factors for PSH, such as obesity. As such, the paucity of data on longer-term post-surgical outcomes of SIRC is particularly notable as it pertains to obese patients. Methods: All patients undergoing cholecystectomy performed by two surgeons at our institution from 2008–2018 were reviewed. Our inclusion criteria were patients who underwent SIRC or multiport laparoscopic cholecystectomy (MPLC) and had at least one month of postoperative follow-up. Patients who underwent additional procedures at the time of cholecystectomy were excluded. Our outcomes of interest were the 30-day POC rate and the long-term PSH rate. Analysis was conducted on an intention-to-treat basis, using logistic regression analysis for POC and time-to-event analysis for PSH. Results: We examined 584 patients who underwent either SIRC (51%) or MPLC (49%). Of the 296 patients who underwent SIRC, 15 (5%) developed a POC and 23 (8%) developed a PSH. Of the 288 patients who underwent MPLC, 11 (4%) developed a POC, and 28 (10%) developed a PSH. Procedure group and obesity was not associated with the risk of POC (p = 0.29, p = 0.21, respectively). Procedure group was not associated with an increased risk of PSH (p = 0.29). Obese patients, however, were 1.94 times more likely to develop PSH compared to non-obese patients overall (p = 0.02). Conclusions: There is no statistically significant difference in POC and PSH rate following SIRC when compared with MPLC in patients in the same BMI group. Male gender and prior abdominal surgery are risk factors for POC, while advancing age and obesity are risk factors for PSH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selective semi-hydrogenation of phenylacetylene to styrene is a crucial step in the polystyrene industry. Although Pd-based catalysts are widely used in this reaction due to their excellent hydrogenation activity, the selectivity for styrene remains a great challenge. Herein, we designed a mesoporous silica stabilized Pd-Ru@ZIF-8 (MS Pd-Ru@ZIF-8) nanoreactor with novel Pd and Ru single site synergistic catalytical system for semi-hydrogenation of phenylacetylene. The nanoreactor exhibited a superior performance, achieving 98% conversion of phenylacetylene and 96% selectivity to styrene. Turnover frequency (TOF) of nanoreactor was up to as high as 2,188 h−1, which was 25 times and 5 times more than the single metal species catalysts, mesoporous silica stabilized Pd@ZIF-8 nanoreactor (MS Pd@ZIF-8), and mesoporous silica stabilized Ru@ZIF-8 nanoreactor (MS Ru@ZIF-8). This catalytic activity was attributed to the synergistic effect of Pd and Ru single site anchored strongly into the framework of ZIF-8, which reduced the desorption energy of styrene and increased the hydrogenation energy barrier of styrene. Importantly, since the ordered mesoporous silica was introduced into the nanoreactor shell to stabilize ZIF-8, MS Pd-Ru@ZIF-8 showed excellent reusability and stability. After the five cycles, the catalytical activity and selectivity still remained. This work provides insights for a synergistic catalytic system based on single-site active sites for selective hydrogenation reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Design of single‐site catalysts with catalytic sites at atomic‐scale and high atom utilization, provides new opportunities to gain superior catalytic performance for targeted reactions. In this contribution, we report a one‐pot green approach for in situ implanting of single tungsten sites (up to 12.7 wt.%) onto the nodes of defective UiO‐66(Zr) structure via forming Zr‐O‐W bonds under solvent‐free condition. The catalysts displayed extraordinary activity for the oxidative removal of sulfur compounds (1000 ppm S) at room temperature within 30 min. The turnover frequency (TOF) value can reach 44.0 h−1 at 30 °C, which is 109.0, 12.3 and 1.2 times higher than that of pristine UiO‐66(Zr), WO3, and WCl6 (homogeneous catalyst). Theoretical and experimental studies show that the anchored W sites can react with oxidant readily and generate WVI‐peroxo intermediates that determine the reaction activity. Our work not only manifests the application of SSCs in the field of desulfurization of fuel oil but also opens a new solvent‐free avenue for fabricating MOFs based SSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The modulators' ability to induce defects correlates positively with its acidity. • Disparity in the length of modulator and organic ligand affect MOF stability. • MOF-5 with HBC retains the most defect sites and the Rh is atomically dispersed. • 1Rh/MOF-5-10 %HBC achieved a conversion of 96.9 %, an aldehyde selectivity of 90 %. This work explored the role of defective sites on the hydroformylation of n-butene through ligand regulation. The investigation examined the effect of modulator properties on defect sites and rhodium loading, and optimized the H 2 BDC/modulator ratio to improve catalyst activity. Atomically dispersed Rh is anchored to these highly dispersed defect sites, effectively preventing aggregation and thereby enhancing hydrogenation ability. Under optimal conditions, the catalyst achieved a conversion of 96.9 %, with an overall aldehyde selectivity of 90 %. DRIFTS analysis provided compelling evidence that Rh(CO) 2 and HRhCO species were formed on 1Rh/MOF-5-HBC, improving CO insertion capability. This study highlights the significance of MOFs as catalyst supports in enhancing performance through defect engineering. The ability of the modulator to induce defect formation was measured by p K a. Meanwhile, it has been discovered that the length differences between the modulator and the MOF organic ligand can have a significant impact on the stability of defective MOFs. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveThe aims of this study were to introduce surgical guidelines, and to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a robotic single-site staging (RSSS) operation for early-stage endometrial cancer.MethodsPatients with a preoperative diagnosis of endometrial cancer (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stages IA to IB) from endometrial curettage and preoperative imaging studies were selected at Dongsan Medical Center from March 2014 to November 2015. All surgical procedures, including hysterectomy, salpingo-oophorectomy, bilateral pelvic node dissection, and cytology aspiration, were performed by robotic single-site instruments (da Vinci Si® surgical system; Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, USA).ResultsA total of 15 women with early-stage endometrial cancer underwent the RSSS operation. The median patient age and body mass index were 53 years (range, 37–70 years) and 25.4 kg/m2 (range, 18.3–46.4 kg/m2). The median docking time, console time, and total operative time were 8 minutes (range, 4–15 minutes), 75 minutes (range, 55–115 minutes), and 155 minutes (range, 125–190 minutes), respectively. The median retrieval of both pelvic lymph nodes was 9 (range, 6–15). There were no conversions to laparoscopy or laparotomy.ConclusionThe RSSS operation is feasible and safe in patients with early-stage endometrial cancer. In this study, operative times were reasonable, and the surgical procedure was well-tolerated by the patients. Further evaluation of patients with early-stage endometrial cancer should be performed in large-scale comparative studies using the laparoendoscopic, single-site staging operation to confirm the safety and benefits of the RSSS operation for early-stage endometrial cancer.

This study was oriented to assess surgical outcomes, feasibility, and safety of Robotic-assisted Single-Site Hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (RSSH/BSO) performed for sexual reassignment compared to indications for the benign gynecologic disease. The present trial is a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database. After the exclusion of 3 patients with endometrial cancer on histological specimens, 112 subjects were considered for final analysis: 60 transgender men (TM) and 52 cisgender women (CW). There is a statistical difference in surgical time (total operative time p = 0.0152, docking p = 0.0011, console time p = 0.0001, and anesthesia time p = 0.0061) between TM and CW. Other than in TM, a significant difference in uterine volume (p = 0.0001), Body Mass Index (p = 0.0169), and previous comorbidity (p = 0.0001) was reported. There are no differences in conversion rate, the decrease in hemoglobin and blood loss, hospital stay, intra- and postoperative complications between the two groups. RSSH for sex reassignment appears to be a safe, viable, and cost-effective option with a significant decrease in surgical time compared to other indications for benign disease. In addition, the benefit of this scar-less surgical procedure appears to be more evident in TM's due to the absence of traditional surgical stigmata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Objective: To present a series of robotic laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) and reduced-port hysterectomy cases and discuss the surgical technique required for successful use on this new platform.Design: Retrospective case series.Setting: Academic medical center.Patients: All patients undergoing robotic LESS or reduced-port hysterectomy with the SP1098 da Vinci SP Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA) from December 2019 to March 2020.Interventions: Robotic LESS or reduced-port hysterectomy.Measurements and Main Results: A total of 8 cases of hysterectomy were performed successfully. Four cases included concomitant resection of endometriosis. Five cases required placement of an additional port. The average uterine weight was 136.1 g ± 61.5 g (range 87-246). The average estimated blood loss was 37.5 mL ± 27 mL (range 20-100). The average operative time was 86.5 minutes ± 27.1 minutes (range 60-132). The time required for vaginal cuff closure was available for patients 5 to 8, and ranged from 10 minutes to 13 minutes. All patients had same-day discharge. There were no conversions to alternative surgical modality, complications, or readmissions.Conclusion: Our preliminary experience with the SP1098 da Vinci SP Surgical System demonstrated the technical feasibility and safety of this surgical modality for gynecologic surgery. Additional studies examining postoperative outcomes and prospective studies comparing this modality with traditional robotic surgery are indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surgical treatment for pediatric spontaneous pneumothorax has evolved over time from open thoracotomy to multiport Video Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) and perhaps now towards single site VATS. This is a case of a 16 year-old male with a one-week history of right upper back pain who was found to have a large right-sided spontaneous pneumothorax. Conservative management was attempted, but failed, and he was scheduled for right apical lung blebectomy and mechanical pleurodesis. The decision was made to use a single site approach to minimize sequelae of the surgery. Surgery was successful and the patient was discharged on postoperative day six after a minor air leak subsided. We present this case as evidence for technical feasibility as well as improved postsurgical outcome of single site VATS.

RuII compounds are widely used in catalysis, photocatalysis, and medical applications. They are usually obtained in a reductive environment as molecular O2 can oxidize RuII to RuIII and RuIV. Here we report the design, identification and evolution of an air‐stable surface [bipy‐RuII(CO)2Cl2] site that is covalently mounted onto a polyphenylene framework. Such a RuII site was obtained by reduction of [bipy‐RuIIICl4]− with simultaneous ligand exchange from Cl− to CO. This structural evolution was witnessed by a combination of in situ X‐ray and infrared spectroscopy studies. The [bipy‐RuII(CO)2Cl2] site enables oxidation of CO with a turnover frequency of 0.73×10−2 s−1 at 462 K, while the RuIII site is completely inert. This work contributes to the study of structure–activity relationship by demonstrating a practical control over both geometric and electronic structures of single‐site catalysts at molecular level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• First report of multiple procedures performed through single site. • Complex single site surgery performed without the use of port assistive device. • Cosmetically superior procedure. • Single incision multiport. • Reduced post operative pain, reduced length of hospital stay and cost effective. Single site surgery is rapidly gaining popularity for its cosmetic benefits. However it requires immense technical skill due to its challenging ergonomics.We have reported here a case where multiple surgeries have been performed through the same single site,without the usage of special devices.This article has been reported in line with the SCARE criteria [ 1 ]. A 45-year-old obese lady presented with symptomatic cholelithiasis and a para umbilical hernia. She underwent uneventful trans umbilical, single site laparoscopic cholecystectomy, sleeve gastrectomy and paraumbilical hernia repair. This article is being published as it is the first reported from the Middle East. Recent development of laparoscopy was represented with introduction of the concept of scarless surgery using Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES), or its Transumbilical counterpart (NOTUS). Unfortunately,these two approaches have not been widely reported, probably due to the need for specialized instruments, learning curve, and prolonged surgery time [ 2 ]. This single case report is to indicate that it is technically possible and cosmetically appealing to perform such a complex surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single-site hysterectomy (SSH) laparoscopic or robotic presented distinct advantages with regards to postoperative cosmetic outcome, wound-related complications and morbidity. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of robotic and laparoscopic SSH in patients with benign or early-stage malignant gynecological conditions and to compare the two approaches. A systematic search of four electronic databases for articles published up to September 2019 was performed. Studies reporting outcomes for women who underwent robotic or laparoscopic SSH were considered eligible. A total of 6 studies with 412 patients were included. Among them, 150 women had robotic SSH, whereas 262 had laparoscopic SSH. Neither total operative time nor total hysterectomy time were found different among the 2 groups (355 patients MD 17.47 min, 95% CI − 5.82 to 40.76, p = 0.14 and 285 patients MD 6.41 min, 95% CI − 10.24 to 23.06, p = 0.45, respectively). Robotic approach presented significantly lower blood loss and hospital stay compared to laparoscopic (287 patients MD − 10.84 ml 95% CI − 20.35 to − 1.32, p = 0.03, 328 patients MD − 0.32 days, 95% CI − 0.44 to − 0.19, p < 0.00001, respectively). No difference was found with regards to major or overall postoperative complications. The present meta-analysis supports the use of robotic SSH, since it was related to faster recovery and comparable operative times and complication rates compared to laparoscopic. Nonetheless, due to the limited number of the included studies and their retrospective nature, the aforementioned outcomes must be interpreted with caution and further larger volume studies are needed in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

P-xylene is one of petrochemical products eagerly in demand. Until recently, the process for preparing of p-xylene was done via gas-phase toluene methylation reaction at high temperature using a strong acid catalyst. In this work, high surface area, shape-selective and single-site MIL-101(Cr) was used as a catalyst to perform toluene methylation reaction in a liquid phase at low reaction temperature (60-120 °C). Toluene conversion and p-xylene selectivity are up to 50% and 90%, respectively. Under the optimum operating conditions; 1:1 toluene: methanol molar ratio, the reaction temperature is 120 °C. The catalyst was synthesized via the hydrothermal method and the MIL-101 structure was confirmed by different analytical techniques: TGA, XRD, FTIR and BET surface area. The remarkably high toluene conversion and xylene selectivity at a low reaction temperature, in comparison to previous research, was attributed to the suppression of side reactions that could convert methanol to linear hydrocarbons, and to the inhibition of p-xylene isomerization. This suppression can be attributed to the single site properties and to the uniform pore size distribution of the prepared MIL 101 catalyst. Synthesis and characterization of single-site MIL-101(Cr) were used as a catalyst for toluene methylation reaction in a liquid phase at low reaction temperature (60–120 °C). The results suggest that toluene conversion and p-xylene selectivity are up to 50% and 90%, respectively, under the optimum operating conditions; 1:1 toluene: methanol molar ratio, the reaction temperature is 120 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Single site aluminosilicate catalysts synthesized and characterized. • Two different aluminum sites targeted – "extraframework" and "framework". • Accessibility of Al sites studied by ligand exchage reactions. • Catalytic activities for aminolysis of styrene oxide by aniline reported. A general synthetic strategy for the preparation of atomically dispersed, well-defined Lewis acidic aluminum sites in silicate matrices is described and illustrated. These amorphous matrices are composed of the spherosilicate cubes (Si 8 O 20) linked together by combinations of aluminum and siloxane groups. The connectivity of the catalytically active aluminum centers to the surrounding silicate matrix can be varied by choice of aluminum precursor. "Extraframework" 3-connected Al⟵Py and Al⟵THF sites are obtained from the corresponding AlCl 3 ·L complexes and 4-connected "framework" sites from Y[AlCl 4 ] (Y = Lutidinium, [Bu 4 N]+). The aluminum sites in these porous silicates are characterized by gravimetry, IR and multinuclear SSNMR spectroscopies as well as ligand exchange reactions. Their catalytic activities as Lewis acids are investigated for the aminolysis of styrene oxide by aniline. These single site aluminosilicate catalysts exhibit activities that are comparable to or better than analogous, well-known zeolite and amorphous aluminosilicate materials. Their activities are dependent on the connectivity of aluminum to the surrounding silicate matrix as well as the length and flexibility of secondary linkers in the matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the transition of satellite communications to higher frequencies, such as the $K\!a$ - and $Q$ -bands, atmospheric phenomena, in particular rain, have a significant influence on earth–satellite signal propagation, manifested as signal fades that limit the availability and reliability of links. To mitigate signal fades, properly design, and operate such a high-frequency system, the statistical information of fade durations is inevitably needed. This paper presents a new model for predicting the fade duration statistics in earth–satellite communications in the $K\!a$ - and $Q$ -bands. This model is based on a novel method that uses the copula theory and can be applied to single site slant paths as well as to site diversity systems. For the model development and evaluation, experimental data from 21 single site experiments and 10 site diversity experiments were included in the study. The performance of the new model for single site was compared to that of the ITU-R P. 1623 model and the Cheffena–Amaya model. The proposed model is notably more accurate and easier to apply that the other models. The new fade duration prediction model also performs well for site diversity systems and is believed to be the first model of its type in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract We report the first clinical investigation for surgical procedures performed using the da Vinci SP robotic surgical platform (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) during the first 10 days (September 28–October 12, 2018) after the system was installed at our institution. The aim of the study was to determine the feasibility and safety of major urologic procedures, measured as the rate of conversions and the incidence of perioperative complications. Secondary aims of the study consisted of key perioperative surgical outcomes, including operative time, blood loss, and length of stay. Pathology data were reported. Data collection was performed under institutional review board approval (IRB 13-780). A total of nine patients were treated (3 robot-assisted radical prostatectomies, 3 transperitoneal robot-assisted partial nephrectomies, 1 simple cystectomy with intracorporeal ileal conduit urinary diversion, 2 ureteral reimplantations). No intraoperative complications occurred. In six cases the surgeries were performed according to a pure single-site approach. The mean operative time was slightly longer than that reported for the corresponding multiarm robotic procedures in the literature, which can easily be explained by the expected learning curve. One minor and one major complication occurred. A learning curve exists when embarking with this surgery. Further investigations are awaited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single-site robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (ssRARP) has been promoted in many institutions due to its minimally invasive approach. This review aimed to investigate early outcomes of ssRARP in comparison with multi-port robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (mpRARP). A systematic literature search was performed for articles related to ssRARP case series and studies that compared ssRARP with mpRARP. The primary outcomes were functional and oncological outcomes, incision length, length of hospital stay and cost. 24 ssRARP case series involving 1385 cases, and 11 comparative studies involving 573 ssRARP cases and 980 mpRARP cases were included. Rate of immediate, 3-month, 6-month and 12-month recovery of continence in the ssRARP case series were 41 % [95 % CI: 0.38–0.45], 70 % [95 % CI: 0.67–0.73], 90 % [95 % CI: 0.87–0.93] and 93 % [95 % CI: 0.90–0.96]. 3-month potency recovery and positive surgical margin rate were 53 % [95 % CI: 0.46–0.60] and 21 % [95 % CI: 0.19–0.24]. No significant differences were detected between ssRARP and mpRARP in terms of 3-month (OR: 1.12; 95 % CI: 0.80–1.57) or 6-month (OR: 0.72; 95 % CI: 0.36–1.46) continence recovery rate, 3-month potency recovery rate (OR: 0.92; 95 % CI: 0.50–1.70), positive surgical margin rate (OR: 0.83; 95 % CI: 0.62–1.11), biochemical recurrence rate or total cost. Furthermore, ssRARP was associated with a significantly shorter length of incision and hospital stay. ssRARP has significant advantages in cosmetic effect, length of incision and rapid recovery. Consequently, ssRARP is expected to become the preferred form although more evidence is needed to determine its long-term effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]