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The study demonstrated that the natural yellow-brown colorant extracted from the bark of Terminalia arjuna may be an alternative, sources of synthetic dyes for the potential dyeing of double premordanted cotton fiber. Parameters that influence the dye uptake as well as surface color strength of dyed cotton were studied in batch experiments and optimized by using response surface methodology. The results showed that the maximum color strength of dyed cotton was achieved to be 17.20±0.11 under the optimum conditions of mordant concentration (3.75% owf), dye concentration (8.9%), pH of the dye bath (8.7), temperature (69 34¸ C), and time (82.17 min), respectively. The CIELab values in the color space diagram showed a good improvement of color quality of natural polymers treated by tannic acid-alum mordant. Fourier Transforms Infrared spectra and Scanning Electron Microscope observation have been used to characterize the changes induced by arjun dyeing. Good and durable fastness properties confirm its application in the textile industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

River Hooghly, considered as an important tributary of the River Ganga, has been affected by indiscriminate discharging of polluted and untreated sewage sludge and industrial waste into the waterways. The assessment of water quality for natural river waters was done using a water quality index (WQI), developed by DELPHI and the Council of Ministers of the Environment methods. These two methods reflect the quality of the water measured with respect to its pollution level. Multivariate statistical techniques, such as cluster analysis, were applied to the data-set on water quality of the Hooghly River (India) which was generated during the years 2002–2008 controlling at eight different sites for five parameters. The relationships among the stations are highlighted by cluster analysis to characterize the WQI. The study represents a computer-simulated artificial neural network model for the evaluation of the relationship between the different parameters of water bodies collected at different stations along Hooghly River responsible for water quality measurement. Finally, both the water quality methods (CCME and DELPHI) were statistically compared by the coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error, and absolute average deviation based on the validation data-set. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

An increased environmental awareness of health hazards caused by synthetic dyes has led to revival of natural dyes. Dyes obtained from natural sources have emerged as important substitutes for synthetic dyes. Color-yielding plants such as butterfly pea flowers have been used to study color extraction and can be used as dyeing material for coloring industry. Analytical studies, such as UV-VIS spectrophotometer analysis and dye concentration analysis, are performed on extracted dye using flower petals. In this study, aqueous extractions of dye from flowers were carried out in the following conditions to obtain optimization characterization: time of extraction (30-180 minutes), temperature (60-900C), amount of flowers (0.1-2gm) and pH (2-10). It was observed that dye concentration increases gradually at higher temperature and for longer time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new bacterial strain, PD1, was isolated from the effluent of a textile industry. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the strain belonged to the genus Dietzia. The efficacy of the dried bacterial biomass as biosorbent for removal of acid dyes, namely Congo red (CR) and Indigo carmine (IC), from aqueous solutions was studied by performing batch equilibrium tests under different operating parameters such as initial dye concentration, pH, and temperature. The amount of dye adsorbed onto Dietzia sp. PD1 decreased with increasing pH while it increased with increasing temperature. The equilibrium biosorption data showed excellent fit to Langmuir isotherm as compared to Freundlich isotherm. The maximum biosorption capacity, calculated using the Langmuir model, were 170.34 and 188.71mgg-1 for CR and IC, respectively. Analysis of kinetic data showed that the biosorption processes followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The numerical value of the thermodynamic parameters (▵ G0, ▵H0, and ▵S0) indicated that biosorption of CR and IC was feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic under the examined conditions. The study shows that the isolated Dietzia strain can be used as an inexpensive and efficient biosorbent for removal of acid dyes from aqueous solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]