162 results on '"Sinnathambi, A."'
Search Results
2. A qualitative study on perspectives of undergraduate professional students on suicide and recommendations for an effective suicide prevention program
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Arumuganathan Shanmugavinayagam, Syed Usaid, Siva Ilango Thangaraju, and Sumithra Devi Sinnathambi
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focus group discussion ,students ,suicide ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 ,Industrial psychology ,HF5548.7-5548.85 - Abstract
Background: Suicide has become a leading cause of death among 15- to 39-year-olds. Recent data suggests that one student commits suicide every 60 seconds in India. One of the suicide preventive strategies adopted is the introduction of a crisis helpline for students but the effectiveness of this support in preventing suicide remains questionable. Our study aims to find out the perspectives of students on suicide and their recommendations for an effective suicide prevention program. Method: A qualitative design with focus group discussions was used to collect data. A universal sampling technique was adopted and the data were analyzed using the framework method. Results: A total of 830 students were divided into 70 groups with each group having 12 to 15 students participating in the focus group discussion. Several themes and subthemes emerged from the discussion. Overall, students had a poor understanding of people who attempt suicide, elaborated the factors instigating a person to make a suicidal attempt, barriers to access help and their views on effective crisis intervention service.Conclusion: The study identified student perspectives on suicide and the challenges perceived by the students for the effective implementation of a crisis intervention program for suicide prevention.
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- 2023
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3. An online survey of prevalence and risk factors of nomophobia in Indian adults
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S Arumuganathan, Charanya Kaliamoorthy, Usaid Syed, Sumithra Devi Sinnathambi, and Siva Ilango Thangaraju
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addiction ,nomophobia ,smartphone ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Background: India stands to be the major market of exponential growth for the suppliers of smartphones. With the increasing availability and reduced pricing, both smartphone usage and its dependence are bound to increase. Nomophobia though reported commonly in the young, the behavior seems to span across age which warrants further exploration. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the smartphone use and nomophobia disorder among adults. Methodology: Adults above 18 years responded to our online survey by snowballing method. Information collected included sociodemographic data, smartphone use details, and severity of nomophobia assessed by a 20-item NoMophobia Questionnaires (NMP-Q). Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software version 20. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Results: A total of 661 participants (female = 309) responded to our survey. Among them 51.1% were in 18–29 years age group. Majority were employed (61.7%) and married (50.4%), coming from an urban background (81.1%), owned a 4G mobile (82.5%), consuming >4 GB per month (58.6%). About 42% of them used smartphones for more than 4 h on activities not related to their jobs. They used smartphones frequently to search information, text and talk to family members. Mostly used when bored, alone or waiting for someone. The median NMP-Q score was 77 (±22.5) and 49.3% of our respondents had scored above the median cutoff score. Nomophobia was positively correlated with duration of phone use per day and inversely with age. Duration of smartphone use predicted nomophobia (80.34 + 4.91; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Nomophobia prevails across age group with increased severity in the young. Intervention need to be planned to decrease the duration of use per day as it emerged as a significant predictor of nomophobia.
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- 2023
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4. Effect of Andrographis paniculata extract and Andrographolide on the pharmacokinetics of Aceclofenac and Celecoxib in rats
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S. J. More, S. S. Tandulwadkar, Aishwarya R. Balap, S. Lohidasan, A. Sinnathambi, and K. R. Mahadik
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Celecoxib ,Aceclofenac ,Andrographis Paniculata Nees ,Andrographolide ,Pharmacokinetics ,Herb drug Interaction ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 ,Pharmacy and materia medica ,RS1-441 - Abstract
Abstract Background In India, for the treatment of cold, fever and inflammation, people consume herbal remedies containing Andrographis paniculata Nees (APE) as main ingredient, along with NSAIDs. So the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of APE and pure andrographolide (AN) on the pharmacokinetic of with aceclofenac (ACF) and celecoxib (CXB) after oral co-administration in wistar rats. After co-administration of APE (equivalent to 20 mg/kg of AN) and AN (20 mg/kg) with ACF (5 mg/kg) and CXB (5 mg/kg) in rats, orally, drug concentrations in plasma were determined using HPLC method. Non-compartment model was used to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters like Cmax, Tmax, t1/2, MRT, Vd, CL, and AUC. Results Co-administration of ACF and CXB with APE and pure AN altered the systemic exposure level of each compound in vivo. The Cmax, Tmax, MRT of CXB were increased whereas Vd and Cl of CXB were decreased significantly after co-administration of CXB with APE. Whereas co-administration of CXB with AN significantly decreased Vd, CL, and MRT of CXB. The concentration of ACF was increased significantly in co-administered groups with pure AN and APE. The AUC0-∞, AUMC0-∞, MRT, Vd and t1/2 of ACF were also significantly decreased in co-administered groups, hence CL of ACF was increased significantly. Conclusion This study concludes that APE and pure AN have effect on pharmacokinetic of CXB and ACF in rat. Not only patients but medical practitioners using Andrographis paniculata should have awareness regarding probable herb–drug interactions with ACF and CXB.
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- 2023
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5. The Impact of Social Media on Academic Performance among Accounting Students in Malaysian Universities
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Johari, Nor Hasimah, Krishna, Indrani, Paramasivam, Kasturi, Sinnathambi, Meeroshaa, and Manokar, Nantini
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Tenaga Nasional Bhd. ,Students -- Usage ,Academic achievement -- Usage ,Electric utilities -- Usage ,Social media -- Usage ,Accounting -- Usage ,Universities and colleges -- Malaysia ,Social networks -- Usage ,Business ,Facebook (Online social network) -- Usage - Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this research is to study the impact of social media usage on academic performance among accounting students in public and private universities Design/methodology/approach: The variables measured were number of hours spent on social media, frequency of access to social media, Non-academic usage of social media, educational use of social media and social media addiction. Data of the study is obtained by distributing 341 questionnaires to accounting students in one of the private and public universities. Findings: The result shows that frequency of access found to have significant negative relationship with academic performance. It indicates that frequent access to social media might lead to poor academic performance. Interestingly, the findings of the result also revealed that non-academic usage of social media are found to have significant positive relationship with accounting students' academic performance. It implies that non-academic use of social media would increase the students' academic performance. Research limitations/implications: This study is conducted using small sample from selected population. Hence, the results may not represent a definite academic performance of all public and private universities' students in Malaysia. Practical implications: This study may benefit the educators and students. The educators might have some insights on how social media put a great influence on their students' academic performance. As for students, this study may alarm their awareness on the possible effects that social media has over their academic performance Originality/value: This research is performed to narrow the gap and discrepancies of the past researches and provides current evidence on the relationship between the social media and academic performance of accounting students. Paper type: Research paper Keywords: Social media, Social network, Academic performance, Accounting education, Introduction Social media is now a critical part of the way and platform to fast communicate especially during a pandemic era of COVID-19. The pandemic has caused an increase in [...]
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- 2021
6. Nano-fluid viscosity screening and study of in situ foam pressure buildup at high-temperature high-pressure conditions
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Hamza, Mohammed Falalu, Soleimani, Hassan, Merican, Zulkifli Merican Aljunid, Sinnathambi, Chandra Mohan, Stephen, Karl Dunbar, and Ahmad, Abdelazeem Abbas
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- 2020
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7. Standardization, anti-carcinogenic potential and biosafety of Indian propolis
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Kapare, Harshad, Lohidasan, Sathiyanarayanan, Sinnathambi, Arulmozhi, and Mahadik, Kakasaheb
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- 2019
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8. A qualitative study on perspectives of undergraduate professional students on suicide and recommendations for an effective suicide prevention program
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Shanmugavinayagam, Arumuganathan, primary, Usaid, Syed, additional, Thangaraju, Siva Ilango, additional, and Sinnathambi, Sumithra Devi, additional
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- 2023
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9. Nano-fluid viscosity screening and study of in situ foam pressure buildup at high-temperature high-pressure conditions
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Mohammed Falalu Hamza, Hassan Soleimani, Zulkifli Merican Aljunid Merican, Chandra Mohan Sinnathambi, Karl Dunbar Stephen, and Abdelazeem Abbas Ahmad
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Enhanced oil recovery ,Viscosity ,Gas mobility control ,Nano-fluid ,Foam ,Petroleum refining. Petroleum products ,TP690-692.5 ,Petrology ,QE420-499 - Abstract
Abstract In this study, an industrial-based surfactant known as MFomax surfactant has been modified with unfunctionalized and silane-functionalized silica nanoparticles (NPs) to select the high viscous nano-fluid (NF) for generation of in situ foam to assess the differential pressure buildup (∆p) behavior in the porous media. Different weight concentrations of NPs and MFomax from 0.1 to 0.5% were studied using Design Expert Software to generate full matrix design of NF formulations. The viscosity data were analyzed with the aid of response surface analytical tool to investigate the response of NPs loading on the NF viscosity for optimization. The microstructural properties of the NFs were characterized using spectroscopic equipment. Subsequently, the high viscous NF was selected to generate in situ foam in comparison with the precursor MFomax foam for ∆p buildup assessment at 110 °C and 2023 psi in the native reservoir core. Results have shown that both the silica NPs could significantly improve the MFomax viscosity; however, the silane-functionalized silica NPs have more effect to improve the viscosity and other microstructural properties than the unfunctionalized NPs, and thus, they were selected for further experimental studies. The coreflood ∆p buildup assessment shows that NF foam built more ∆p having average value of 46 psi against 25 psi observed in the case of the precursor MFomax foam. Thus, this study demonstrates that functionalized silica NPs could improve the MFomax viscosity and eventually generates high ∆p buildup at high-temperature high-pressure conditions.
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- 2019
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10. Standardization, anti-carcinogenic potential and biosafety of Indian propolis
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Harshad Kapare, Sathiyanarayanan Lohidasan, Arulmozhi Sinnathambi, and Kakasaheb Mahadik
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Miscellaneous systems and treatments ,RZ409.7-999 - Abstract
Background: Propolis from apiculture is known for wide range of medicinal properties owing to its vast chemical constituents including polyphenols, flavonoids and anticancer agent Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE). Objectives: The objective of the study was to extract and standardize Indian propolis (IP) with respect to selected markers by newly developed High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, to evaluate in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity and biosafety of Indian propolis. Materials and methods: IP was extracted, optimized and standardized using a newly developed and validated HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of caffeic acid, apigenin, quercetin and CAPE. The standardised ethanolic extract of IP (EEIP) was screened for in vitro cytotoxicity using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, in vivo anti-carcinogenic effect against Dalton’s Lymphoma ascites (DLA) cells, hemolytic effect and pesticide analysis. Results: The EEIP was found to contain more amount of total flavonoids (23.61 ± 0.0452 mg equivalent of quercetin/g), total polyphenolics (34.82 ± 0.0785 mg equivalent of gallic acid/g) and all selected markers except caffeic acid compared to all other extracts. EEIP showed better anti-cancer potential than CAPE on MCF-7 and HT-29 cell line and significant (p
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- 2019
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11. Laboratory characterization of crude oil and sandstone reservoir for chemical enhanced oil recovery
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Hamza, Mohammed Falalu, Soleimani, Hassan, Sinnathambi, Chandra Mohan, Merican, Zulkifli Merican Aljunid, and Stephen, Karl Dunbar
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- 2018
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12. Genetic diversity and population structure of malaria vector mosquitoes Anopheles subpictus, Anopheles peditaeniatus, and Anopheles vagus in five districts of Sri Lanka
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Thilini C. Weeraratne, Sinnathambi N. Surendran, Catherine Walton, and S. H. P. Parakrama Karunaratne
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Anopheles subpictus ,Anopheles peditaeniatus ,Anopheles vagus ,Population genetic structure ,COI ,Sri Lanka ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background Although Sri Lanka is considered as a malaria-free nation, the threat of re-emergence of outbreaks still remains due to the high prevalence and abundance of malaria vectors. Analysis of population genetic structure of malaria vectors is considered to be one of the vital components in implementing successful vector control programmes. The present study was conducted to determine the population genetic structure of three abundant malaria vectors; Anopheles subpictus sensu lato (s.l.), Anopheles peditaneatus and Anopheles vagus from five administrative districts in two climatic zones; intermediate zone (Badulla and Kurunegala districts) and dry zone (Ampara, Batticoloa and Jaffna districts) of Sri Lanka using the mitochondrial gene, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI). Methods Adult mosquitoes of An. subpictus s.l., An. peditaeniatus, and An. vagus were collected from five study sites located in five districts using cattle baited traps and backpack aspirators. Representative samples of each species that were morphologically confirmed were selected from each locality in generating COI sequences (> 6 good quality sequences per species per locality). Results Anopheles subpictus s.l. specimens collected during the study belonged to two sibling species; An. subpictus ‘A’ (from all study sites except from Jaffna) and An. subpictus ‘B’ (only from Jaffna). The results of haplotype and nucleotide diversity indices showed that all the three species are having high genetic diversity. Although a high significant pairwise difference was observed between An. subpictus ‘A’ and ‘B’ (F st > 0.950, p 0.05), indicating possible gene flow between these populations. Conclusions Gene flow among the populations of An. peditaeniatus, An. vagus and An. subpictus species A was evident. Application of vector control measures against all mosquito species must be done with close monitoring since gene flow can assist the spread of insecticide resistance genes over a vast geographical area.
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- 2018
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13. Mo- modified HZSM-5 zeolite for the dehydro-oligomerisation and aromatisation of methane in the absence of oxygen
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Sinnathambi, Chandra Mohan
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547.27 - Published
- 2005
14. Neuroprotective effect of Indian propolis in β-amyloid induced memory deficit: Impact on behavioral and biochemical parameters in rats
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Nanaware, Sadhana, Shelar, Madhuri, Sinnathambi, Arulmozhi, Mahadik, K.R., and Lohidasan, Sathiyanarayanan
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- 2017
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15. Molecular characterization of Anopheline (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes from eight geographical locations of Sri Lanka
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Thilini C. Weeraratne, Sinnathambi N. Surendran, Lisa J. Reimer, Charles S. Wondji, M. Devika B. Perera, Catherine Walton, and S. H. P. Parakrama Karunaratne
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Anopheles ,DNA barcoding ,COI ,ITS2 ,Mosquitoes ,Taxonomy ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background Genus Anopheles is a major mosquito group of interest in Sri Lanka as it includes vectors of malaria and its members exist as species complexes. Taxonomy of the group is mainly based on morphological features, which are not conclusive and can be easily erased while handling the specimens. A combined effort, using morphology and DNA barcoding (using the markers cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region, was made during the present study to recognize anophelines collected from eight districts of Sri Lanka for the first time. Methods Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and ITS2 regions of morphologically identified anopheline mosquitoes from Sri Lanka were sequenced. These sequences together with GenBank sequences were used in phylogenetic tree construction and molecular characterization of mosquitoes. Results According to morphological identification, the field-collected adult mosquitoes belonged to 15 species, i.e., Anopheles aconitus, Anopheles annularis, Anopheles barbirostris, Anopheles culicifacies, Anopheles jamesii, Anopheles karwari, Anopheles maculatus, Anopheles nigerrimus, Anopheles pallidus, Anopheles peditaeniatus, Anopheles pseudojamesi, Anopheles subpictus, Anopheles tessellatus, Anopheles vagus, and Anopheles varuna. However, analysis of 123 COI sequences (445 bp) (16 clades supported by strong bootstrap value in the neighbour joining tree and inter-specific distances of >3%) showed that there are 16 distinct species. Identity of the morphologically identified species, except An. subpictus, was comparable with the DNA barcoding results. COI sequence analysis showed that morphologically identified An. subpictus is composed of two genetic entities: An. subpictus species A and species B (inter-specific K2P distance 0.128). All the four haplotypes of An. culicifacies discovered during the present study belonged to a single species. ITS2 sequences (542 bp) were obtained for all the species except for An. barbirostris, An. subpictus species B, An. tessellatus, and An. varuna. Each of these sequences was represented by a single species-specific haplotype. Conclusions The present study reflects the importance and feasibility of COI and ITS2 genetic markers in identifying anophelines and their sibling species, and the significance of integrated systematic approach in mosquito taxonomy. Wide distribution of malaria vectors in the country perhaps indicates the potential for re-emergence of malaria in the country.
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- 2017
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16. An online survey of prevalence and risk factors of nomophobia in Indian adults
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Sinnathambi, SumithraDevi, primary, Arumuganathan, S, additional, Kaliamoorthy, Charanya, additional, Syed, Usaid, additional, and Thangaraju, SivaIlango, additional
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- 2023
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17. Effect of
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S J, More, S S, Tandulwadkar, Aishwarya R, Balap, S, Lohidasan, A, Sinnathambi, and K R, Mahadik
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In India, for the treatment of cold, fever and inflammation, people consume herbal remedies containingCo-administration of ACF and CXB with APE and pure AN altered the systemic exposure level of each compound in vivo. The Cmax, Tmax, MRT of CXB were increased whereas Vd and Cl of CXB were decreased significantly after co-administration of CXB with APE. Whereas co-administration of CXB with AN significantly decreased Vd, CL, and MRT of CXB. The concentration of ACF was increased significantly in co-administered groups with pure AN and APE. The AUC0-∞, AUMC0-∞, MRT, Vd andThis study concludes that APE and pure AN have effect on pharmacokinetic of CXB and ACF in rat. Not only patients but medical practitioners using
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- 2022
18. Effect of Mo Loading on the Performance of Methane Aromatization Reactions
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Chemeca 2009 (37th : 2009 : Perth W.A.) and Sinnathambi, Chandra Mohan
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- 2009
19. Genetic diversity and population structure of malaria vector mosquitoes Anopheles subpictus, Anopheles peditaeniatus, and Anopheles vagus in five districts of Sri Lanka
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Weeraratne, Thilini C., Surendran, Sinnathambi N., Walton, Catherine, and Karunaratne, S. H. P. Parakrama
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- 2018
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20. Formulation Development of Folic Acid Conjugated PLGA Nanoparticles for Improved Cytotoxicity of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester
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Harshad S Kapare, Kakasaheb R. Mahadik, Sathiyanarayanan Lohidasan, and Arulmozhi Sinnathambi
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Chromatography ,Biomedical Engineering ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Phenylethyl Alcohol ,Propolis ,Bioavailability ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Caffeic Acids ,Folic Acid ,chemistry ,In vivo ,Drug delivery ,Caffeic acid ,Nanoparticles ,Solubility ,Caffeic acid phenethyl ester ,Cytotoxicity - Abstract
Background: Honey bee propolis is one of the natural product reported in various traditional systems of medicines including Ayurveda. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is an active constituent of propolis which is well known for its anticancer potential. The therapeutic effects of CAPE are restricted owing to its less aqueous solubility and low bioavailability. Objective: In this study CAPE loaded folic acid conjugated nanoparticle system (CLFPN) was investigated to enhance solubility, achieve sustained drug release and improved cytotoxicity of CAPE. Methods: Formulation development, characterization and optimization were carried out by design of experiment approach. In vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity study was carried out for optimized formulations. Results: Developed nanoparticles showed particle size and encapsulation efficiency of 170 ± 2 - 195 ± 3 nm and 75.66 ± 1.52 - 78.80 ± 1.25 % respectively. Optimized formulation CLFPN showed sustained drug release over a period of 42 h. GI50 concentration was decreased by 46.09% for formulation as compared to CAPE in MCF-7 cells indicating targeting effect of CLFPN. An improved in vitro cytotoxic effect was reflected in in-vivo Daltons Ascites Lymphoma model by reducing tumor cells count. Conclusion: The desired nanoparticle characteristic with improved in vivo and in vitro cytotoxicity was shown by developed formulation. Thus it can be further investigated for biomedical applications.
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- 2021
21. Dopaminergic effect of Alstonia scholaris Linn. R.Br. in experimentally induced anxiety
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Sinnathambi, Arulmozhi, Mazumder, Papiya Mitra, Lohidasan, Sathiyanarayanan, and Thakurdesai, Prasad
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- 2013
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22. Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Interaction of Andrographolide and Standardized Extract of Andrographis paniculata (Nees) with Nabumetone in Wistar Rats
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Balap, Aishwarya, Lohidasan, Sathiyanarayanan, Sinnathambi, Arulmozhi, and Mahadik, Kakasaheb
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- 2017
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23. An Online Survey of Prevalence and Risk Factors of Nomophobia in Indian Adults.
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Arumuganathan, S., Kaliamoorthy, Charanya, Syed, Usaid, Sinnathambi, Sumithra Devi, and Thangaraju, Siva Ilango
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COMPUTER surveys ,DISEASE prevalence ,CELL phone addiction ,SMARTPHONES ,QUANTITATIVE research - Abstract
Background: India stands to be the major market of exponential growth for the suppliers of smartphones. With the increasing availability and reduced pricing, both smartphone usage and its dependence are bound to increase. Nomophobia though reported commonly in the young, the behavior seems to span across age which warrants further exploration. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the smartphone use and nomophobia disorder among adults. Methodology: Adults above 18 years responded to our online survey by snowballing method. Information collected included sociodemographic data, smartphone use details, and severity of nomophobia assessed by a 20-item NoMophobia Questionnaires (NMP-Q). Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software version 20. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Results: A total of 661 participants (female = 309) responded to our survey. Among them 51.1% were in 18-29 years age group. Majority were employed (61.7%) and married (50.4%), coming from an urban background (81.1%), owned a 4G mobile (82.5%), consuming >4 GB per month (58.6%). About 42% of them used smartphones for more than 4 h on activities not related to their jobs. They used smartphones frequently to search information, text and talk to family members. Mostly used when bored, alone or waiting for someone. The median NMP-Q score was 77 (±22.5) and 49.3% of our respondents had scored above the median cutoff score. Nomophobia was positively correlated with duration of phone use per day and inversely with age. Duration of smartphone use predicted nomophobia (80.34 + 4.91; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Nomophobia prevails across age group with increased severity in the young. Intervention need to be planned to decrease the duration of use per day as it emerged as a significant predictor of nomophobia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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24. Antidepressant effects of standardized extract of Centella asiatica L in olfactory bulbectomy model
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Kalshetty, Padmaja, Aswar, Urmila, Bodhankar, Subhash, Sinnathambi, Arulmozhi, Mohan, V., and Thakurdesai, Prasad
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- 2012
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25. Anti-arthritic and antioxidant activity of leaves of Alstonia scholaris Linn. R.Br.
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Arulmozhi, Sinnathambi, Mazumder, Papiya Mitra, Sathiyanarayanan, Lohidasan, and Ashok, Purnima
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- 2011
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26. Anti-arthritic activity of standardised extract of Phyllanthus amarus in Freund's complete adjuvant induced arthritis
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Mali, Sharad M., Sinnathambi, Arulmozhi, Kapase, Chinmay U., Bodhankar, Subhash L., and Mahadik, Kakasaheb R.
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- 2011
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27. Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activity of leaves of Alstonia scholaris Linn. R.Br.,
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Arulmozhi, Sinnathambi, Mazumder, Papiya Mitra, Lohidasan, Sathiyanarayanan, and Thakurdesai, Prasad
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- 2010
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28. Thermodynamics Analysis of Refinery Sludge Gasification in Adiabatic Updraft Gasifier
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Reem Ahmed, Chandra M. Sinnathambi, Usama Eldmerdash, and Duvvuri Subbarao
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Technology ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Limited information is available about the thermodynamic evaluation for biomass gasification process using updraft gasifier. Therefore, to minimize errors, the gasification of dry refinery sludge (DRS) is carried out in adiabatic system at atmospheric pressure under ambient air conditions. The objectives of this paper are to investigate the physical and chemical energy and exergy of product gas at different equivalent ratios (ER). It will also be used to determine whether the cold gas, exergy, and energy efficiencies of gases may be maximized by using secondary air injected to gasification zone under various ratios (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5) at optimum ER of 0.195. From the results obtained, it is indicated that the chemical energy and exergy of producer gas are magnified by 5 and 10 times higher than their corresponding physical values, respectively. The cold gas, energy, and exergy efficiencies of DRS gasification are in the ranges of 22.9–55.5%, 43.7–72.4%, and 42.5–50.4%, respectively. Initially, all 3 efficiencies increase until they reach a maximum at the optimum ER of 0.195; thereafter, they decline with further increase in ER values. The injection of secondary air to gasification zone is also found to increase the cold gas, energy, and exergy efficiencies. A ratio of secondary air to primary air of 0.5 is found to be the optimum ratio for all 3 efficiencies to reach the maximum values.
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- 2014
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29. Formulation Development of Folic Acid Conjugated PLGA Nanoparticles for Improved Cytotoxicity of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester
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Kapare, Harshad S., primary, Lohidasan, Sathiyanarayanan, additional, Sinnathambi, Arulmozhi, additional, and Mahadik, Kakasaheb, additional
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- 2021
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30. Laboratory characterization of crude oil and sandstone reservoir for chemical enhanced oil recovery
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Karl Dunbar Stephen, Hassan Soleimani, Chandra Mohan Sinnathambi, Zulkifli Merican Aljunid Merican, and Mohammed Falalu Hamza
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Petroleum engineering ,020209 energy ,Mechanical Engineering ,Pour point ,02 engineering and technology ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology ,Bulk density ,API gravity ,Basic sediment and water ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Mechanics of Materials ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Environmental science ,Petroleum ,Enhanced oil recovery ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Oil field ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,Asphaltene - Abstract
Purpose Because of the increasing global oil demand, efforts have been made to further extract oil using chemical enhanced oil recovery (CEOR) methods. However, unlike water flooding, understanding the physicochemical properties of crude oil and its sandstone reservoir makeup is the first step before embarking to CEOR projects. These properties play major roles in the area of EOR technologies and are important for the development of reliable chemical flooding agents; also, they are key parameters used to evaluate the economic and technical feasibilities of production and refining processes in the oil industries. Consequently, this paper aims to investigate various important physicochemical properties of crude oil (specific gravity; American Petroleum Institute [API]; viscosity; pour point; basic sediment and water; wax; and saturate, aromatic, resins and asphaltenes components) and sandstone reservoir makeup (porosity, permeability, bulk volume and density, grain volume and density, morphology and mineral composition and distributions) obtained from Malaysian oil field (MOF) for oil recovery prediction and design of promising chemical flooding agents. Design/methodology/approach Three reservoir sandstones from different depths (CORE 1; 5601, CORE 2; 6173 and CORE 3; 6182 ft) as well as its crude oil were obtained from the MOF, and various characterization instruments, such as high temperature gas chromatography and column chromatography for crude’s fractions identification; GC-simulated distillation for boiling point distribution; POROPERM for porosity and permeability; CT-Scan and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray for morphology and mineral distribution; wax instrument (wax content); pour point analyser (pour point); and visco-rheometre (viscosity), were used for the characterizations. Findings Experimental data gathered from this study show that the field contains low viscous (0.0018-0.014 Pa.s) sweet and light-typed crude because of low sulfur content (0.03 per cent), API gravity (43.1o), high proportion of volatile components (51.78 per cent) and insignificant traces of heavy components (0.02 per cent). Similarly, the rock permeability trend with depth was found in the order of CORE 1 < CORE 2 < CORE 3, and other parameters such as pore volume (Vp), bulk volume (Vb) and grain volume (Vg) also decrease in general. For grain density, the variation is small and insignificant, but for bulk density, CORE 2 records lower than CORE 3 by more than 1 per cent. In the mineral composition analysis, the CORE 2 contains the highest identified mineral content, with the exception of quarts where it was higher in the CORE 3. Thus, a good flow crude characteristic, permeability trend and the net mineral concentrations identified in this reservoir would not affect the economic viability of the CEOR method and predicts the validation of the MOF as a potential field that could respond to CEOR method successfully. Originality/value This paper is the first of its kind to combine the two important oil field properties to scientifically predict the evaluation of an oil field (MOF) as a step forward toward development of novel chemical flooding agents for application in EOR. Hence, information obtained from this paper would help in the development of reliable chemical flooding agents and designing of EOR methods.
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- 2018
31. Thymus size and its changes during treatment of children with severe acute malnutrition
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Selvaraj, Stalin, primary, Venkatasamy, Seenivasan, additional, and Sinnathambi, Sathyaseelan, additional
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- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. An Overview of the Present Stability and Performance of EOR-Foam
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Zulkifli Merican Aljudin Merican, Chandra Mohan Sinnathambi, Mohammad Hamza, Hassan Soleimani, and Karl Dunbar Stephen
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Multidisciplinary ,Petroleum engineering ,business.industry ,Water alternating gas ,02 engineering and technology ,Chemical enhanced oil recovery ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Stability (probability) ,020401 chemical engineering ,Petroleum industry ,Environmental science ,Overall performance ,0204 chemical engineering ,Current (fluid) ,Oil field ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
Foam flooding technique, commonly known as foam assisted water alternating gas method (FAWAG) has been identified as an effective chemical enhanced oil recovery (CEOR) technique. The ability of EOR-foam to sweep oil in low permeable zones makes it important displacement fluid in the oil industry. However, extreme reservoir conditions such as temperature, pressure and salinity have detrimental effects on the stability and the overall performance of the EOR-foam. Consequently, understanding foam stability and performance under different conditions is crucial for long term oil field application. This paper discusses the current status of the EOR-foam stability, performance and challenges from laboratory studies to field application perspective. The paper also highlights the knowledge gaps which require further research for successful field application.
- Published
- 2017
33. CFD simulation of bubbling fluidized bed: Effects of bed column geometry on hydrodynamics of gas-solid mixing
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Saravanan Karuppanan, I. Eslami Afrooz, C. Mohan Sinnathambi, and D. Ling Chuang
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Materials science ,Wood gas generator ,Waste management ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Mixing (process engineering) ,02 engineering and technology ,Mechanics ,Computational fluid dynamics ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Residence time (fluid dynamics) ,Pilot plant ,020401 chemical engineering ,Mechanics of Materials ,Fluidized bed ,General Materials Science ,Tube (fluid conveyance) ,0204 chemical engineering ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Bubbling fluidized bed - Abstract
In this study, multiphase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is employed to simulate and study the hydrodynamics behavior of gas-solid mixing in a new bed column design of bubbling fluidized bed called swirl bed. The new fluidized bed is a swirl tube reactor design based on swirl tube technology. The results are compared with the conventional straight tube rector which is the scaled down version of the existing pilot plant gasifier. It is found that the usage of the swirl tube reactor design results in better lateral solid mixing inside the bed. Furthermore an increase in residence time of the particles is also observed due to the swirl motion of the particles.
- Published
- 2017
34. Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Interaction of Andrographolide and Standardized Extract ofAndrographis paniculata(Nees) with Nabumetone in Wistar Rats
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Sathiyanarayanan Lohidasan, Arulmozhi Sinnathambi, Kakasaheb R. Mahadik, and Aishwarya Balap
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Pharmacology ,Volume of distribution ,biology ,business.industry ,Andrographolide ,Cmax ,biology.organism_classification ,030226 pharmacology & pharmacy ,03 medical and health sciences ,Nabumetone ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,stomatognathic system ,Pharmacokinetics ,chemistry ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Concomitant ,Pharmacodynamics ,medicine ,business ,Andrographis paniculata ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the herb–drug interaction of Andrographis paniculata Nees (Acanthaceae) and Andrographolide (AN) with nabumetone (NAB) in wistar rats. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions were studied after co-administration of APE and AN with NAB in Wistar rats. In pharmacokinetic studies, significant decrease in Cmax, AUC0–t and AUC0–∞ of 6-MNA after co-administration with pure AN and APE has been observed. Tmax of 6-MNA has been increased to 2 h from 1.5 h in AN + NAB treated group. Changes in mean residential time, clearance and volume of distribution of 6-MNA in APE + NAB treated group and AN + NAB treated group indicated interference of other components of APE other than AN. In pharmacodynamic study, significant decrease in antiarthritic activity of NAB on concomitant administration with APE and AN has been observed. The study concludes that NAB exhibits pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions with APE and AN in rats thus alarms the concomitant use of herbal preparations containing APE and AN with NAB. Further study is needed to understand the mechanism and predict the herb–drug interaction in humans.
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- 2016
35. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic herb–drug interaction of Andrographis paniculata ( Nees ) extract and andrographolide with etoricoxib after oral administration in rats
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Bhagyashri Atre, Kakasaheb R. Mahadik, Sathiyanarayanan Lohidasan, Arulmozhi Sinnathambi, and Aishwarya Balap
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Antioxidant ,Pyridines ,Andrographolide ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Anti-Inflammatory Agents ,Herb-Drug Interactions ,Administration, Oral ,Pharmacology ,030226 pharmacology & pharmacy ,Antioxidants ,Etoricoxib ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pharmacokinetics ,Oral administration ,In vivo ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Animals ,Sulfones ,Rats, Wistar ,Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ,Plants, Medicinal ,biology ,Traditional medicine ,Plant Extracts ,business.industry ,Arthritis ,biology.organism_classification ,Rats ,chemistry ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Pharmacodynamics ,Andrographis ,Female ,Diterpenes ,business ,Andrographis paniculata ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance Andrographis paniculata Nees (Acanthacae) is commonly used medicinal plant in the traditional. Unani and Ayurvedic medicinal systems. It has broad range of pharmacological effects such as hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antivenom, antifertility, inhibition of replication of the HIV virus, antimalarial, antifungal, antibacterial, antidiabetic, suppression of various cancer cells and anti-inflammatory properties. Andrographolide (AN) is one of the active constituent of the A. paniculata Nees extract (APE). They have been found in many traditional herbal formulations in India and proven to be effective as anti-inflammatory drug Aim of the study To evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (anti-arthritic) herb–drug interactions of A. paniculata Nees extract (APE) and pure andrographolide (AN) with etoricoxib (ETO) after oral co-administration in wistar rats. Materials and methods After oral co-administration of APE (200 mg/Kg) and AN (60 mg/kg) with ETO (10 mg/kg) in rats, drug concentrations in plasma were determined using HPLC method. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of C max , t max , t 1/2 , MRT, Vd, CL, and AUC were calculated by non-compartment model. Change in paw volume, mechanical nociceptive threshold, mechanical hyperalgesia, histopathology and hematological parameters were evaluated to study antiarthritic activity. Results Co-administration of ETO with APE and pure AN decreased systemic exposure level of each compound in vivo . The C max , AUC, t 1/2 of ETO was decreased whereas Vd and CL of ETO was increased significantly after co-administration of ETO with pure AN and APE. In pharmacodynamic study, ETO alone and ETO+APE (10+200 mg/kg) groups exhibited significant synergistic anti-arthritic activity as compared to groups ETO+AN, APE and AN alone. Conclusion The results obtained from this study suggested that ETO, APE and pure AN existed pharmacokinetic herb–drug interactions in rat which is correlated with anti-arthritic study. Physicians and patients using A. paniculata should have the knowledge about its possible herb–drug interaction with ETO.
- Published
- 2016
36. Thymus size and its changes during treatment of children with severe acute malnutrition
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Seenivasan Venkatasamy, Sathyaseelan Sinnathambi, and Stalin Selvaraj
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Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Severe Acute Malnutrition ,Medicine ,business - Abstract
Background: The study was conducted to radiologically demonstrate increase in thymus size with clinical recovery following nutritional rehabilitation in children with severe acute Malnutrition and to correlate the improvement with anthropometric and biochemical parameters.Methods: Prospective observational study was conducted in 60 children in the age group of 6months to 24 months with severe acute malnutrition. Children with severe systemic illnesses were excluded from study. After obtaining informed consent from parents, history focusing on demography, perinatal events, nutrition including breast feeding and immunization status were recorded. Anthropometric parameters were measured. All relevant blood investigations and ultra-sonogram of the chest for thymus size were done. All children were followed up during the course of hospital stay till discharge and were also followed up after 2 months. Relevant blood investigations and ultrasonogram of chest for thymus size were also done during follow up.Results: The difference in means of thymic area by imaging at admission and at discharge (p and lt;0.0001) and at admission and after 8 weeks (p and lt;0.0001) were statistically significant. The increase in weight, length, weight for length, mid upper arm circumference, hemoglobin, total protein, serum albumin, serum globulin from admission to discharge and from discharge to 8 weeks after admission was statistically significant.Conclusions: Thymus size can be used as a marker of immunological dysfunction in severe acute malnutrition and as a marker of severity of the illness. The thymus size was found to be increasing in size during nutritionally rehabilitation and recovery from the illness. Correlations between anthropometric parameters and thymic size are not robust in under-nourished state and during nutritional rehabilitation.
- Published
- 2020
37. Genetic diversity and population structure of malaria vector mosquitoes Anopheles subpictus, Anopheles peditaeniatus, and Anopheles vagus in five districts of Sri Lanka
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Sinnathambi N. Surendran, Thilini C. Weeraratne, S. H. P. Parakrama Karunaratne, and Catherine Walton
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0301 basic medicine ,Veterinary medicine ,lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,Anopheles subpictus ,lcsh:RC955-962 ,Anopheles vagus ,030231 tropical medicine ,Population ,Mosquito Vectors ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Gene flow ,Electron Transport Complex IV ,Mitochondrial Proteins ,COI ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Anopheles ,parasitic diseases ,Animals ,Population genetic structure ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,education ,Sri Lanka ,education.field_of_study ,Genetic diversity ,biology ,Research ,Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I ,Genetic Variation ,biology.organism_classification ,Malaria ,Anopheles peditaeniatus ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Insect Proteins ,Parasitology - Abstract
Background Although Sri Lanka is considered as a malaria-free nation, the threat of re-emergence of outbreaks still remains due to the high prevalence and abundance of malaria vectors. Analysis of population genetic structure of malaria vectors is considered to be one of the vital components in implementing successful vector control programmes. The present study was conducted to determine the population genetic structure of three abundant malaria vectors; Anopheles subpictus sensu lato (s.l.), Anopheles peditaneatus and Anopheles vagus from five administrative districts in two climatic zones; intermediate zone (Badulla and Kurunegala districts) and dry zone (Ampara, Batticoloa and Jaffna districts) of Sri Lanka using the mitochondrial gene, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI). Methods Adult mosquitoes of An. subpictus s.l., An. peditaeniatus, and An. vagus were collected from five study sites located in five districts using cattle baited traps and backpack aspirators. Representative samples of each species that were morphologically confirmed were selected from each locality in generating COI sequences (> 6 good quality sequences per species per locality). Results Anopheles subpictus s.l. specimens collected during the study belonged to two sibling species; An. subpictus ‘A’ (from all study sites except from Jaffna) and An. subpictus ‘B’ (only from Jaffna). The results of haplotype and nucleotide diversity indices showed that all the three species are having high genetic diversity. Although a high significant pairwise difference was observed between An. subpictus ‘A’ and ‘B’ (Fst> 0.950, p 0.05), indicating possible gene flow between these populations. Conclusions Gene flow among the populations of An. peditaeniatus, An. vagus and An. subpictus species A was evident. Application of vector control measures against all mosquito species must be done with close monitoring since gene flow can assist the spread of insecticide resistance genes over a vast geographical area. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-018-2419-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
- Published
- 2018
38. Influence of Structure and Wettability of Porous Silver Surfaces on Enhancing Phase Change Heat Transfer
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R. Babu, Ciaran P. Moore, A. Sinnathambi, Gideon Gouws, and B. Sherson
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Materials science ,Evaporation ,Nanoparticle ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Microstructure ,01 natural sciences ,Polyvinyl alcohol ,Silver nanoparticle ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Boiling ,0103 physical sciences ,Heat transfer ,Wetting ,0210 nano-technology ,010301 acoustics - Abstract
The influence of the surface wettability and microstructure of porous silver surface layers on heat transfer during pool boiling and the evaporation of sessile drops from these surfaces was studied. These porous films were prepared by a modified freeze casting process and the wettability was found to be strongly influenced by the mass loading of silver nanoparticles in the starting colloidal suspension. As-prepared films typically show superhydrophylic behavior, most likely due to polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) binder remaining in the structure. The removal of this PVA by a hot wash in DI water revealed the intrinsic wettability of the surfaces. Heat transfer during the nucleate stage of pool boiling was found to be most efficient on hydrophilic surfaces with high Ag loading. The evaporation of sessile droplets from hot surfaces was also favored by more hydrophilic surfaces. The long term stability of these surfaces still remain an issue.
- Published
- 2018
39. MOESM1 of Genetic diversity and population structure of malaria vector mosquitoes Anopheles subpictus, Anopheles peditaeniatus, and Anopheles vagus in five districts of Sri Lanka
- Author
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Thilini Weeraratne, Surendran, Sinnathambi, Walton, Catherine, and S. Karunaratne
- Abstract
Additional file 1. Results of COI genetic structure variations estimated using AMOVA for An. subpictus, An. peditaeniatus and An. vagus collected from five geographical locations in Sri Lanka.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Nano-fluid viscosity screening and study of in situ foam pressure buildup at high-temperature high-pressure conditions
- Author
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Hamza, Mohammed Falalu, primary, Soleimani, Hassan, additional, Merican, Zulkifli Merican Aljunid, additional, Sinnathambi, Chandra Mohan, additional, Stephen, Karl Dunbar, additional, and Ahmad, Abdelazeem Abbas, additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. One-pot Synthesis and Static Bulk Foam Studies of C18-conjugated Zwitterionic Surfactant
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Hamza, M F, primary, Soleimani, H, additional, A Merican, Z M, additional, Sinnathambi, C M, additional, and Stephen, K D, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. N-Hexane, Methyl Ethyl Ketone and Chloroform Solvents for Oil Recovery from Refinery Waste
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Chandra Mohan Sinnathambi, Usama Eldmerdash, and Reem Ahmed
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Hexane ,Solvent ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Hydrocarbon ,Chloroform ,Municipal solid waste ,chemistry ,Waste management ,Oil refinery ,Extraction (chemistry) ,General Medicine ,Refinery - Abstract
Considerable amount of oily waste is generated from petroleum refinery in Malaysia. A typical refinery produces about 40 tons of sludge per month. Disposing via land filling (common method) is becoming less accepted and more expensive. As a result, refineries and other facilities have accumulated large volumes of this waste in makeshift landfills or other storage areas. For this reason solvent extraction method has been selected for oil recovery and to minimize the solid waste. Three solvents (chloroform, MEK, and n-hexane) and two extraction methods (sludge–solvent mixing method , and Soxhlet apparatus) were applied to recover the oil from the refinery sludge. Soxhlet extraction method has shown higher efficiency in extraction than sludge-solvent mixing method. Soxhlet extraction method using MEK solvent can recover about 48.3 % of oil, as compared to mixing method which accounts to only about 32.5 % of recovered oil. It has an added recovery of about 7.1 %, 15.8 % and 5.7 % for n-hexane, MEK and chloroform solvents respectively. FTIR results confirmed that MEK has the highest capability to extract hydrocarbon from refinery waste.
- Published
- 2014
43. Molecular characterization of Anopheline (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes from eight geographical locations of Sri Lanka
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Lisa J. Reimer, Catherine Walton, Charles S. Wondji, M. Devika B. Perera, Sinnathambi N. Surendran, Thilini C. Weeraratne, and S. H. P. Parakrama Karunaratne
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,Anopheles subpictus ,lcsh:RC955-962 ,Anopheles annularis ,030231 tropical medicine ,ITS2 ,Zoology ,Biology ,Mosquitoes ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Electron Transport Complex IV ,COI ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Anopheles jamesii ,DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ,Anopheles ,parasitic diseases ,Anopheles barbirostris ,Animals ,DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ,DNA barcoding ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Anopheles vagus ,Phylogeny ,Sri Lanka ,Taxonomy ,Research ,Anopheles varuna ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,biology.organism_classification ,Anopheles karwari ,Anopheles peditaeniatus ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Insect Proteins ,Parasitology - Abstract
Background Genus Anopheles is a major mosquito group of interest in Sri Lanka as it includes vectors of malaria and its members exist as species complexes. Taxonomy of the group is mainly based on morphological features, which are not conclusive and can be easily erased while handling the specimens. A combined effort, using morphology and DNA barcoding (using the markers cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region, was made during the present study to recognize anophelines collected from eight districts of Sri Lanka for the first time. Methods Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and ITS2 regions of morphologically identified anopheline mosquitoes from Sri Lanka were sequenced. These sequences together with GenBank sequences were used in phylogenetic tree construction and molecular characterization of mosquitoes. Results According to morphological identification, the field-collected adult mosquitoes belonged to 15 species, i.e., Anopheles aconitus, Anopheles annularis, Anopheles barbirostris, Anopheles culicifacies, Anopheles jamesii, Anopheles karwari, Anopheles maculatus, Anopheles nigerrimus, Anopheles pallidus, Anopheles peditaeniatus, Anopheles pseudojamesi, Anopheles subpictus, Anopheles tessellatus, Anopheles vagus, and Anopheles varuna. However, analysis of 123 COI sequences (445 bp) (16 clades supported by strong bootstrap value in the neighbour joining tree and inter-specific distances of >3%) showed that there are 16 distinct species. Identity of the morphologically identified species, except An. subpictus, was comparable with the DNA barcoding results. COI sequence analysis showed that morphologically identified An. subpictus is composed of two genetic entities: An. subpictus species A and species B (inter-specific K2P distance 0.128). All the four haplotypes of An. culicifacies discovered during the present study belonged to a single species. ITS2 sequences (542 bp) were obtained for all the species except for An. barbirostris, An. subpictus species B, An. tessellatus, and An. varuna. Each of these sequences was represented by a single species-specific haplotype. Conclusions The present study reflects the importance and feasibility of COI and ITS2 genetic markers in identifying anophelines and their sibling species, and the significance of integrated systematic approach in mosquito taxonomy. Wide distribution of malaria vectors in the country perhaps indicates the potential for re-emergence of malaria in the country. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-017-1876-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
- Published
- 2017
44. Molecular characterization of Anopheline (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes from eight geographical locations of Sri Lanka
- Author
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Weeraratne, Thilini C., Surendran, Sinnathambi N, Reimer, Lisa, Wondji, Charles, Perera, Devika, Walton, Catherine, and Parakrama Karunaratne, S. H. P.
- Subjects
qu_58.5 ,qx_510 ,parasitic diseases ,wa_395 ,qx_515 - Abstract
Background\ud Genus Anopheles is a major mosquito group of interest in Sri Lanka as it includes vectors of malaria and its members exist as species complexes. Taxonomy of the group is mainly based on morphological features, which are not conclusive and can be easily erased while handling the specimens. A combined effort, using morphology and DNA barcoding (using the markers cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region, was made during the present study to recognize anophelines collected from eight districts of Sri Lanka for the first time.\ud \ud \ud Methods\ud Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and ITS2 regions of morphologically identified anopheline mosquitoes from Sri Lanka were sequenced. These sequences together with GenBank sequences were used in phylogenetic tree construction and molecular characterization of mosquitoes.\ud \ud \ud Results\ud According to morphological identification, the field-collected adult mosquitoes belonged to 15 species, i.e., Anopheles aconitus, Anopheles annularis, Anopheles barbirostris, Anopheles culicifacies, Anopheles jamesii, Anopheles karwari, Anopheles maculatus, Anopheles nigerrimus, Anopheles pallidus, Anopheles peditaeniatus, Anopheles pseudojamesi, Anopheles subpictus, Anopheles tessellatus, Anopheles vagus, and Anopheles varuna. However, analysis of 123 COI sequences (445 bp) (16 clades supported by strong bootstrap value in the neighbour joining tree and inter-specific distances of >3%) showed that there are 16 distinct species. Identity of the morphologically identified species, except An. subpictus, was comparable with the DNA barcoding results. COI sequence analysis showed that morphologically identified An. subpictus is composed of two genetic entities: An. subpictus species A and species B (inter-specific K2P distance 0.128). All the four haplotypes of An. culicifacies discovered during the present study belonged to a single species. ITS2 sequences (542 bp) were obtained for all the species except for An. barbirostris, An. subpictus species B, An. tessellatus, and An. varuna. Each of these sequences was represented by a single species-specific haplotype.\ud \ud \ud Conclusions\ud The present study reflects the importance and feasibility of COI and ITS2 genetic markers in identifying anophelines and their sibling species, and the significance of integrated systematic approach in mosquito taxonomy. Wide distribution of malaria vectors in the country perhaps indicates the potential for re-emergence of malaria in the country.
- Published
- 2017
45. Neuroprotective effect of Indian propolis in β-amyloid induced memory deficit: Impact on behavioral and biochemical parameters in rats
- Author
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Kakasaheb R. Mahadik, Madhuri Shelar, Arulmozhi Sinnathambi, Sathiyanarayanan Lohidasan, and Sadhana Nanaware
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Antioxidant ,Aché ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Morris water navigation task ,Pharmacology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Neuroprotection ,Antioxidants ,Propolis ,Toxicology ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Alzheimer Disease ,Memory ,Malondialdehyde ,medicine ,Animals ,Cognitive Dysfunction ,Rats, Wistar ,Maze Learning ,Memory Disorders ,Radial arm maze ,Amyloid beta-Peptides ,business.industry ,Plant Extracts ,Brain ,General Medicine ,Acetylcholinesterase ,language.human_language ,Rats ,Oxidative Stress ,030104 developmental biology ,Neuroprotective Agents ,chemistry ,language ,Cholinesterase Inhibitors ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
The study aimed at the investigation of neuroprotective activity of macerated ethanolic extract of Indian propolis (MEEP) against β-Amyloid 25–35 (Aβ25-35) induced memory impairment in Alzheimer’s disease. MEEP was administrated orally to Wistar rats at doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg. Behavioral performances were evaluated using morris water maze and radial arm maze. At the end of behavioral study, the brains were removed and antioxidant parameters and brain monoamines were estimated. Further acetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibition and brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) were evaluated. In addition hematological parameters and histopathological tests were also carried out. In behavioral models, MEEP significantly (P The study concludes that MEEP has anti-Alzheimer potential in rats through multiple mechanisms and further studies are ongoing for fractionation and biological screening.
- Published
- 2017
46. MOESM1 of Molecular characterization of Anopheline (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes from eight geographical locations of Sri Lanka
- Author
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Thilini Weeraratne, Surendran, Sinnathambi, Reimer, Lisa, Wondji, Charles, M. Perera, Walton, Catherine, and S. Parakrama Karunaratne
- Abstract
Additional file 1. Anopheline species present in each study site with habitat type descriptions.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Dynamic Studies of Refinery Sludge Gasification in Updraft Reactor
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Usama Eldmerdash, Chandra Mohan Sinnathambi, and Reem Ahmed
- Subjects
Steady state ,Waste management ,Fixed bed ,Turbulence ,Scientific method ,Rate change ,Environmental science ,General Medicine ,Biomass fuels ,Combustion ,Refinery - Abstract
Many papers have been published about the gasification of different biomass fuels in fixed bed reactor. To date, no experimental analysis is available in the open literature on gasification of refinery sludge. Therefore the descriptions of dynamic temperature in an updraft reactor for a dry refinery sludge gasification are investigated in details. The rate of the temperature change with operation time and the temperature profiles inside the reactor are taken for various equivalent ratios. The dynamic results show that increasing the ER from 0.195 to 0.244 shift the combustion zone peak temperature from 858 °C to 986 °C and cause turbulence behavior in reduction zone temperature. With an ER of 0.195, the rate change of temperatures zones was found to be in the ± 50 OC min-1 indicating stable gasification process. The axial temperature for starting of a steady state gasification process was found to be between 20 to 60 min operation time in process.
- Published
- 2014
48. Will High Dose Rate Interstitial Brachytherapy Be a Surrogate to Surgery in Early Mobile Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Tongue—An Indian Experience
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Saravanan Kandasamy, Mourougan Sinnathambi, Gangotri Selvarajan, Parthasarathy Vedasoundaram, Muzamil Asif, K. S. Reddy, and Vivekanandam Singhavajhala
- Subjects
Cisplatin ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Brachytherapy ,Spinal cord ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Radiation therapy ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Tongue ,medicine ,External beam radiotherapy ,Myocardial infarction ,Stage (cooking) ,Nuclear medicine ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The study was intended to highlight functional outcome and survival advantage when High Dose Rate (HDR) interstitial implant was used for anterior 2/3rd tongue, either as a primary or as boost depending upon stage of disease. Materials and Methods: Fifty-one patients with squamous cell carcinoma of anterior 2/3rd tongue received interstitial brachytherapy either as primary or as boost with Iridium 192 remote after loading high dose rate (Microselectron or Gamma MediX) machines from November 2008 to September 2013. Age group ranged from 32 to 73 years, mean 52.1. Of these 51, 37 were males and 14 were females. 8 patients belonged to Stage I, 18 from Stage II and 28 patients were Stage III. Stage I patients received primary brachytherapy alone of dose 38.50 Gy to 40 Gy and fraction dose ranged from 250 cGy to 350 cGy. Stage II and Stage III patients received external beam radiation of dose 44 Gy/200cGy per fraction for 22 fractions followed by spinal cord sparing for 6 Gy/200cGy per fraction for 3 fractions. Brachytherapy boost of dose 21 Gy was delivered after external beam radiation. Stage III patients received concurrent chemotherapy with Injection Cisplatin along with external beam radiotherapy 44 Gy/200cGy per fraction for 22 fractions followed by spinal cord sparing for 6 Gy/200cGy per fraction for 3 fractions. Brachytherapy boost of dose 21 Gy was delivered after external beam radiation. 55% of patients were habituated to tobacco and alcohol in one form or the other or both. Surprisingly 45% of patients were nonsmokers and non-alcoholic. Results: Follow-up period ranged from eight months to sixty months. 42 patients had complete response. 9 patients had residual disease. 2 patients died due to non-cancerous cause though they had excellent local control, one with pulmonary tuberculosis and the other with massive Myocardial Infarction. 2 patients died due to disease progression. Overall complete response rate was 82.35%. Those patients who had good coverage index and conformal index had good response compared to those patients with lesser these values. Conclusion: It is surprising to observe from the study that oral cavity cancers are not uncommon in non-smokers and non-alcoholics. Overall complete response of 82% is comparable to any other study quoted in literature. Surgery offers same cure rate but at the rate of organ loss and functional impairment. Organ preservation with good functional outcome is possible in radiotherapy unlike surgery. This study proves brachytherapy can be considered as a surrogate to surgery in early stage tongue cancers with good functional outcome and with lesser morbidity.
- Published
- 2014
49. Thermodynamics Analysis of Refinery Sludge Gasification in Adiabatic Updraft Gasifier
- Author
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Usama Eldmerdash, Chandra Mohan Sinnathambi, Duvvuri Subbarao, and Reem Ahmed
- Subjects
Exergy ,Article Subject ,Sewage ,Atmospheric pressure ,lcsh:T ,Chemistry ,lcsh:R ,lcsh:Medicine ,Thermodynamics ,Producer gas ,General Medicine ,lcsh:Technology ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Refinery ,Ambient air ,Updraft gasifier ,Chemical energy ,lcsh:Q ,Gases ,lcsh:Science ,Adiabatic process ,Research Article ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Limited information is available about the thermodynamic evaluation for biomass gasification process using updraft gasifier. Therefore, to minimize errors, the gasification of dry refinery sludge (DRS) is carried out in adiabatic system at atmospheric pressure under ambient air conditions. The objectives of this paper are to investigate the physical and chemical energy and exergy of product gas at different equivalent ratios (ER). It will also be used to determine whether the cold gas, exergy, and energy efficiencies of gases may be maximized by using secondary air injected to gasification zone under various ratios (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5) at optimum ER of 0.195. From the results obtained, it is indicated that the chemical energy and exergy of producer gas are magnified by 5 and 10 times higher than their corresponding physical values, respectively. The cold gas, energy, and exergy efficiencies of DRS gasification are in the ranges of 22.9–55.5%, 43.7–72.4%, and 42.5–50.4%, respectively. Initially, all 3 efficiencies increase until they reach a maximum at the optimum ER of 0.195; thereafter, they decline with further increase in ER values. The injection of secondary air to gasification zone is also found to increase the cold gas, energy, and exergy efficiencies. A ratio of secondary air to primary air of 0.5 is found to be the optimum ratio for all 3 efficiencies to reach the maximum values.
- Published
- 2014
50. Influence of Structure and Wettability of Porous Silver Surfaces on Enhancing Phase Change Heat Transfer
- Author
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Gouws, G. J., primary, Sherson, B., additional, Sinnathambi, A., additional, Babu, R., additional, and Moore, C.P., additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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