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3. Rediscovering a little known fact about the t-test and the F-test: Algebraic, Geometric, Distributional and Graphical Considerations

Author

Sinnott, Jennifer A., MacEachern, Steven N., and Peruggia, Mario

Subjects
Statistics - Other Statistics
Abstract

We discuss the role that the null hypothesis should play in the construction of a test statistic used to make a decision about that hypothesis. To construct the test statistic for a point null hypothesis about a binomial proportion, a common recommendation is to act as if the null hypothesis is true. We argue that, on the surface, the one-sample t-test of a point null hypothesis about a Gaussian population mean does not appear to follow the recommendation. We show how simple algebraic manipulations of the usual t-statistic lead to an equivalent test procedure consistent with the recommendation. We provide geometric intuition regarding this equivalence and we consider extensions to testing nested hypotheses in Gaussian linear models. We discuss an application to graphical residual diagnostics where the form of the test statistic makes a practical difference. By examining the formulation of the test statistic from multiple perspectives in this familiar example, we provide simple, concrete illustrations of some important issues that can guide the formulation of effective solutions to more complex statistical problems., Comment: 22 pages, 5 figures

Published
2019

7. Expression of IGF/insulin receptor in prostate cancer tissue and progression to lethal disease

Author

Ahearn, Thomas U, Peisch, Sam, Pettersson, Andreas, Ebot, Ericka M, Zhou, Cindy Ke, Graff, Rebecca E, Sinnott, Jennifer A, Fazli, Ladan, Judson, Gregory L, Bismar, Tarek A, Rider, Jennifer R, Gerke, Travis, Chan, June M, Fiorentino, Michelangelo, Flavin, Richard, Sesso, Howard D, Finn, Stephen, Giovannucci, Edward L, Gleave, Martin, Loda, Massimo, Li, Zhe, Pollak, Michael, and Mucci, Lorelei A

Subjects
Clinical Research, Aging, Prostate Cancer, Diabetes, Urologic Diseases, Cancer, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Aged, Apoptosis, Biomarkers, Tumor, Cell Proliferation, Disease Progression, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Humans, Insulin, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Male, Oncogene Proteins, Fusion, Prostatic Neoplasms, Receptor, IGF Type 1, Receptor, Insulin, Receptors, Somatomedin, Signal Transduction, Transcriptional Regulator ERG, Transdisciplinary Prostate Cancer Partnership, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Oncology & Carcinogenesis
Abstract

Circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is consistently associated with prostate cancer risk. IGF-1 binds to IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R) and insulin receptor (IR), activating cancer hallmark pathways. Experimental evidence suggests that TMPRSS2:ERG may interact with IGF/insulin signaling to influence progression. We investigated IGF1R and IR expression and its association with lethal prostate cancer among 769 men. Protein expression of IGF1R, IR and ERG (i.e. a surrogate of ERG fusion genes) were assayed by immunohistochemistry. Cox models estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for clinical characteristics. Among patients, 29% had strong tumor IGF1R expression and 10% had strong IR expression. During a mean follow-up of 13.2 years through 2012, 80 men (11%) developed lethal disease. Tumors with strong IGF1R or IR expression showed increased cell proliferation, decreased apoptosis and a higher prevalence of ERG. In multivariable models, strong IGF1R was associated with a borderline increased risk of lethal prostate cancer (HR 1.7; 95% CI 0.9-3.1). The association appeared greater in ERG-positive tumors (HR 2.8; 95% CI 0.9-8.4) than in ERG-negative tumors (HR 1.3; 95% CI 0.6-3.0, p-heterogeneity 0.08). There was no association between IR and lethal prostate cancer (HR 0.8; 95% CI 0.4-1.9). These results suggest that tumor IGF1R expression may play a role in prostate cancer progression to a lethal phenotype and that ERG-positive tumors may be more sensitive to IGF signaling. These data may improve our understanding of IGF signaling in prostate cancer and suggest therapeutic options for disease subtypes.

Published
2018

8. Association of circulating leukocyte telomere length with survival in patients with colorectal cancer

Author

Pauleck, Svenja, Gigic, Biljana, Cawthon, Richard M., Ose, Jennifer, Peoples, Anita R., Warby, Christy A., Sinnott, Jennifer A., Lin, Tengda, Boehm, Juergen, Schrotz-King, Petra, Li, Christopher I., Shibata, David, Siegel, Erin M., Figueiredo, Jane C., Toriola, Adetunji T., Schneider, Martin, Ulrich, Alexis B., Hoffmeister, Albrecht, Ulrich, Cornelia M., and Hardikar, Sheetal

Published
2022
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9. Intraluminal tumor cells and prognostic accuracy of endometrial cancer stage criteria: A multi-institution study

Author

Felix, Ashley S., primary, Sinnott, Jennifer A., additional, Cohn, David E., additional, Duggan, Máire A., additional, Havrilesky, Laura J., additional, Olawaiye, Alexander B., additional, Mariani, Andrea, additional, Rodriquez, Monica, additional, Brett, Mary Anne, additional, Dinoi, Giorgia, additional, Meade, Caitlin E., additional, Hall, Bobbie, additional, Goldfeld, Ester, additional, Elishaev, Esther, additional, Sherman, Mark E., additional, and Suarez, Adrian A., additional

Published
2023
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11. Cardiovascular Disease Incidence and Cardiovascular Health Among Diverse Women With Breast and Gynecologic Cancers.

Author

Nolan, Timiya S., Sinnott, Jennifer A., Krok-Schoen, Jessica L., Arthur, Elizabeth K., Ridgway-Limle, Emily, Gray II, Darrell M., Addison, Daniel, Smith, Sakima, Williams, Karen Patricia, Hood, Darryl B., Joseph, Joshua J., and Felix, Ashley S.

Subjects
*TUMOR diagnosis, *BREAST tumor treatment, *HEALTH status indicators, *AFRICAN Americans, *RESEARCH funding, *HEALTH insurance reimbursement, *BREAST tumors, *STATISTICAL sampling, *QUESTIONNAIRES, *INTERVIEWING, *PROBABILITY theory, *CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors, *WHITE people, *MANN Whitney U Test, *CHI-squared test, *MULTIVARIATE analysis, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *AGE distribution, *RACISM, *FEMALE reproductive organ tumors, *KAPLAN-Meier estimator, *EMAIL, *LOG-rank test, *CONCEPTUAL structures, *ELECTRONIC health records, *WOMEN'S health, *HEALTH equity, *DATA analysis software, *CONFIDENCE intervals, *PROPORTIONAL hazards models, *PATIENT aftercare, *SENSITIVITY & specificity (Statistics), *NOSOLOGY
Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To examine if racial differences in cardiovascular health (CVH) are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) disparities among women with breast and gynecologic cancers. SAMPLE & SETTING: The sample consisted of 252 Black women and 93 White women without a self-reported history of cancer or CVD who developed a breast or gynecologic malignancy. Women who developed CVD before their cancer diagnosis were excluded. METHODS & VARIABLES: CVH was classified using metrics of the American Heart Association's Life's Simple 7 framework. Metrics were summed to create a total CVH score (0-7). Associations among race, ideal CVH (score of 5-7), and CVD incidence following cancer diagnosis were estimated with Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: Ideal CVH was similar between Black women (33%) and White women (37%). Race and CVH were not associated with CVD incidence. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: In a small sample of women diagnosed with breast and gynecologic cancers, racial disparities in CVH and CVD incidence were not observed. Additional investigation of potential confounders relating to social determinants of health tied to the construct of race is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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19. Data from Stress-Related Signaling Pathways in Lethal and Nonlethal Prostate Cancer

Author

Lu, Donghao, primary, Sinnott, Jennifer A., primary, Valdimarsdóttir, Unnur, primary, Fang, Fang, primary, Gerke, Travis, primary, Tyekucheva, Svitlana, primary, Fiorentino, Michelangelo, primary, Lambe, Mats, primary, Sesso, Howard D., primary, Sweeney, Christopher J., primary, Wilson, Kathryn M., primary, Giovannucci, Edward L., primary, Loda, Massimo, primary, Mucci, Lorelei A., primary, and Fall, Katja, primary

Published
2023
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21. Supplementary Table S1 from Stress-Related Signaling Pathways in Lethal and Nonlethal Prostate Cancer

Author

Lu, Donghao, primary, Sinnott, Jennifer A., primary, Valdimarsdóttir, Unnur, primary, Fang, Fang, primary, Gerke, Travis, primary, Tyekucheva, Svitlana, primary, Fiorentino, Michelangelo, primary, Lambe, Mats, primary, Sesso, Howard D., primary, Sweeney, Christopher J., primary, Wilson, Kathryn M., primary, Giovannucci, Edward L., primary, Loda, Massimo, primary, Mucci, Lorelei A., primary, and Fall, Katja, primary

Published
2023
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24. Data from Genome-wide Association Study of Prostate Cancer Mortality

Author

Penney, Kathryn L., primary, Pyne, Saumyadipta, primary, Schumacher, Fredrick R., primary, Sinnott, Jennifer A., primary, Mucci, Lorelei A., primary, Kraft, Peter L., primary, Ma, Jing, primary, Oh, William K., primary, Kurth, Tobias, primary, Kantoff, Philip W., primary, Giovannucci, Edward L., primary, Stampfer, Meir J., primary, Hunter, David J., primary, and Freedman, Matthew L., primary

Published
2023
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25. Data from Cholesterol Metabolism and Prostate Cancer Lethality

Author

Stopsack, Konrad H., primary, Gerke, Travis A., primary, Sinnott, Jennifer A., primary, Penney, Kathryn L., primary, Tyekucheva, Svitlana, primary, Sesso, Howard D., primary, Andersson, Swen-Olof, primary, Andrén, Ove, primary, Cerhan, James R., primary, Giovannucci, Edward L., primary, Mucci, Lorelei A., primary, and Rider, Jennifer R., primary

Published
2023
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26. Supplementary Figure 1 from Cholesterol Metabolism and Prostate Cancer Lethality

Author

Stopsack, Konrad H., primary, Gerke, Travis A., primary, Sinnott, Jennifer A., primary, Penney, Kathryn L., primary, Tyekucheva, Svitlana, primary, Sesso, Howard D., primary, Andersson, Swen-Olof, primary, Andrén, Ove, primary, Cerhan, James R., primary, Giovannucci, Edward L., primary, Mucci, Lorelei A., primary, and Rider, Jennifer R., primary

Published
2023
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28. Supplementary Tables and Figures from Genome-wide Association Study of Prostate Cancer Mortality

Author

Penney, Kathryn L., primary, Pyne, Saumyadipta, primary, Schumacher, Fredrick R., primary, Sinnott, Jennifer A., primary, Mucci, Lorelei A., primary, Kraft, Peter L., primary, Ma, Jing, primary, Oh, William K., primary, Kurth, Tobias, primary, Kantoff, Philip W., primary, Giovannucci, Edward L., primary, Stampfer, Meir J., primary, Hunter, David J., primary, and Freedman, Matthew L., primary

Published
2023
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29. Supplementary Table 1 from Cholesterol Metabolism and Prostate Cancer Lethality

Author

Stopsack, Konrad H., primary, Gerke, Travis A., primary, Sinnott, Jennifer A., primary, Penney, Kathryn L., primary, Tyekucheva, Svitlana, primary, Sesso, Howard D., primary, Andersson, Swen-Olof, primary, Andrén, Ove, primary, Cerhan, James R., primary, Giovannucci, Edward L., primary, Mucci, Lorelei A., primary, and Rider, Jennifer R., primary

Published
2023
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32. Rediscovering a Little Known Fact about the t-test and the F-test: Algebraic, Geometric, Distributional and Graphical Considerations

Author

Sinnott, Jennifer A., MacEachern, Steven N., and Peruggia, Mario

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Statistics - Other Statistics, Other Statistics (stat.OT)
Abstract

We discuss the role that the null hypothesis should play in the construction of a test statistic used to make a decision about that hypothesis. To construct the test statistic for a point null hypothesis about a binomial proportion, a common recommendation is to act as if the null hypothesis is true. We argue that, on the surface, the one-sample t -test of a point null hypothesis about a Gaussian population mean does not appear to follow the recommendation. We show how simple algebraic manipulations of the usual t-statistic lead to an equivalent test procedure consistent with the recommendation. We provide geometric intuition regarding this equivalence and we consider extensions to testing nested hypotheses in Gaussian linear models. We discuss an application to graphical residual diagnostics where the form of the test statistic makes a practical difference. By examining the formulation of the test statistic from multiple perspectives in this familiar example, we provide simple, concrete illustrations of some important issues that can guide the formulation of effective solutions to more complex statistical problems., Statistica, Vol. 82 No. 2 (2022)

Published
2023
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35. Gene expression profiling of prostate tissue identifies chromatin regulation as a potential link between obesity and lethal prostate cancer

Author

Ebot, Ericka M., Gerke, Travis, Labbé, David P., Sinnott, Jennifer A., Zadra, Giorgia, Rider, Jennifer R., Tyekucheva, Svitlana, Wilson, Kathryn M., Kelly, Rachel S., Shui, Irene M., Loda, Massimo, Kantoff, Philip W., Finn, Stephen, Vander Heiden, Matthew G., Brown, Myles, Giovannucci, Edward L., and Mucci, Lorelei A.

Published
2017
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37. Inflammatory and insulinemic dietary patterns and risk of endometrial cancer among US women.

Author

Romanos-Nanclares, Andrea, Tabung, Fred K, Sinnott, Jennifer A, Trabert, Britton, Vivo, Immaculata De, Playdon, Mary C, and Eliassen, A Heather

Subjects
ENDOMETRIAL cancer, DISEASE risk factors, BODY mass index, NURSES, ENDOMETRIAL hyperplasia, INSULIN resistance
Abstract

Background Although unopposed estrogen exposure is considered a major driver of endometrial carcinogenesis, chronic inflammation and insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia are also major endometrial cancer risk factors. However, it is unclear whether diets with inflammatory or insulinemic potential are associated with risk of endometrial cancer. Methods We followed 48 330 women from the Nurses' Health Study (1984-2016) and 85 426 women from the Nurses' Health Study II (1989-2017). Using food frequency questionnaires, we calculated repeated measures of empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) and empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia (EDIH) scores, which characterize the potential of the whole diet to modulate circulating biomarkers of inflammation or C-peptide, respectively. We used multivariable-adjusted Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for type I endometrial cancer risk. Results We documented 1462 type I endometrial cancer cases over 2 823 221 person-years of follow-up. In the pooled multivariable-adjusted analyses, women in the highest compared with lowest quintiles were at higher risk of type I endometrial cancer (EDIP HRQ5vsQ1 = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.24 to 1.73; P trend <.001; EDIH HRQ5vsQ1 = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.34 to 1.87; P trend <.001). Additional adjustment for body mass index attenuated the associations (EDIP HR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.87 to 1.22; EDIH HR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.85 to 1.21), and mediation analyses showed that body mass index may explain 60.4% (95% CI = 37.4% to 79.6%; P <.001) and 71.8% (95% CI = 41.0% to 90.4%; P <.001) of the association of endometrial cancer with EDIP and EDIH, respectively. Conclusions In this large cohort study, higher dietary inflammatory and insulinemic potential were each associated with increased endometrial cancer incidence, and this association may be almost entirely mediated by adiposity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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40. Treatment Pattern and Outcomes with Systemic Therapy in Men with Metastatic Prostate Cancer in the Real-World Patients in the United States

Author

Swami, Umang, primary, Sinnott, Jennifer Anne, additional, Haaland, Benjamin, additional, Sayegh, Nicolas, additional, McFarland, Taylor Ryan, additional, Tripathi, Nishita, additional, Maughan, Benjamin L., additional, Rathi, Nityam, additional, Sirohi, Deepika, additional, Nussenzveig, Roberto, additional, Kohli, Manish, additional, Pal, Sumanta K., additional, and Agarwal, Neeraj, additional

Published
2021
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47. Disease Phenotype Correlates with Treatment Change in NMOSD Patients of the CIRCLES Cohort (1470)

Author

Gholizadeh, Shervin, primary, Exuzides, Alex, additional, Sinnott, Jennifer, additional, Lewis, Katelyn, additional, Palmer, Chella, additional, Waltz, Michael, additional, Rose, John, additional, Jolley, Anna, additional, Behne, Jacinta, additional, Behne, Megan, additional, Blaschke, Terrence, additional, Smith, Terry, additional, Yeaman, Michael, additional, and Cook, Lawrence, additional

Published
2021
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48. Demographic and Relapse Correlates of Treatment Change in NMOSD Patients: Analysis of the CIRCLES Study (1490)

Author

Gholizadeh, Shervin, primary, Exuzides, Alex, additional, Lewis, Katelyn, additional, Palmer, Chella, additional, Waltz, Michael, additional, Rose, John, additional, Jolley, Anna, additional, Behne, Jacinta, additional, Behne, Megan, additional, Blaschke, Terrence, additional, Smith, Terry, additional, Yeaman, Michael, additional, Sinnott, Jennifer, additional, and Cook, Lawrence, additional

Published
2021
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49. Correlates of Rituximab Discontinuation in Patients with NMOSD: a CIRCLES Cohort Analysis (1489)

Author

Exuzides, Alex, primary, Gholizadeh, Shervin, additional, Lewis, Katelyn, additional, Palmer, Chella, additional, Waltz, Michael, additional, Rose, John, additional, Jolley, Anna, additional, Behne, Jacinta, additional, Behne, Megan, additional, Blaschke, Terrence, additional, Smith, Terry, additional, Cook, Lawrence, additional, Sinnott, Jennifer, additional, and Yeaman, Michael, additional

Published
2021
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50. Relapse Profile Correlates with Treatment Change in NMOSD Patients of the CIRCLES Cohort (1480)

Author

Exuzides, Alex, primary, Gholizadeh, Shervin, additional, Sinnott, Jennifer, additional, Lewis, Katelyn, additional, Palmer, Chella, additional, Waltz, Michael, additional, Rose, John, additional, Jolley, Anna, additional, Behne, Jacinta, additional, Behne, Megan, additional, Blaschke, Terrence, additional, Smith, Terry, additional, Cook, Lawrence, additional, and Yeaman, Michael, additional

Published
2021
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