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Metabolomics refers to the high-through untargeted or targeted screening of metabolites in biofluids, cells, and tissues. Metabolome reflects the functional states of cells and organs of an individual, influenced by genes, RNA, proteins, and environment. Metabolomic analyses help to understand the interaction between metabolism and phenotype and reveal biomarkers for diseases. Advanced ocular diseases can lead to vision loss and blindness, reducing patients’ quality of life and aggravating socio-economic burden. Contextually, the transition from reactive medicine to the predictive, preventive, and personalized (PPPM / 3P) medicine is needed. Clinicians and researchers dedicate a lot of efforts to explore effective ways for disease prevention, biomarkers for disease prediction, and personalized treatments, by taking advantages of metabolomics. In this way, metabolomics has great clinical utility in the primary and secondary care. In this review, we summarized much progress achieved by applying metabolomics to ocular diseases and pointed out potential biomarkers and metabolic pathways involved to promote 3P medicine approach in healthcare.

Objective. To analyze the effects of the info-motivation-behavior skills (IMB) model combined with spousal support breastfeeding intervention on breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (PBSES) scores and breastfeeding rate of primiparas with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Methods. Seventy-four first-term pregnant women and 74 of their spouses were selected as the traditional control group by the convenience sampling method from July to September 2021 in obstetrics department of Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital. 74 pregnant women with their first child and 74 spouses who had their first child checked during October to December 2021 were classified as the IMB model group. The traditional control group was applied with conventional intervention management mode, and the IMB model group was applied with intervention management mode based on IMB theory on the basis of the traditional control group. The self-efficacy scores of breastfeeding before and after intervention during pregnancy and during hospitalization were compared between the two groups, and the self-efficacy scores of paternal support for breastfeeding were compared. The exclusive breastfeeding rate of infants within 6 months and the maternal breastfeeding knowledge level of the two groups were compared, and the correlation between maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy score and feeding knowledge level was analyzed. Results. After pregnancy intervention, PBSES and FBSES-SF scores were significantly increased in both groups, and scores of scales in the IMB model group increased significantly than the traditional control group (all P < 0.05 ). The BSES-SF and FBSES-SF scores of the IMB model group increased significantly than the traditional control group at 3 days after delivery and at discharge ( P < 0.05 ), and the scores of each scale at discharge in both groups increased significantly than those at 3 days after delivery ( P < 0.05 ). The rate of exclusive breastfeeding in the IMB model group was 94.59% (70/74), and that in the traditional control group was 78.38% (58/74). There was a significant difference ( χ 2 = 8.325 , P = 0.004 ). At discharge, the score of maternal breastfeeding knowledge increased significantly in both groups, and the score of the IMB model group increased significantly than that of the traditional control group (all P < 0.05 ). Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between PBSES score, FBSES-SF score, and maternal feeding knowledge level, which showed positive correlation (all P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. The self-efficacy of prenatal breastfeeding in pregnant women with HBV is low, and the application of the IMB model combined with the intervention mode of spy-supported breastfeeding has positive effects on the improvement of maternal breastfeeding efficiency, breastfeeding health knowledge level, and postpartum breastfeeding rate, which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

With the globalization of the economy, the products that people can buy are more and more diverse. No matter what kind of market, advertising, which directly spreads product information, always occupies an important position in the marketing mix. Luxury goods focus on meeting people's psychological needs. Luxury brands need to convey intangible things such as brand culture and value concepts to consumers, and make them pay for the symbolic meaning of the brand. In the automobile market, as a high-consumption product, people choose carefully and often do not buy them multiple times, which makes the car market inactive. At the same time, the fast-selling market is highly substitutable, with high product performance and appearance similarity, and its market competition is increasingly fierce, resulting in consumers becoming less and less sensitive to the promotion of fast-selling products. This paper studies the problem of advertising promoting consumers' purchase desire in three markets in the form of a review. We found that the advertising characteristics of luxury goods, fast-moving consumer goods and automobile markets are based on consumer psychology, and through specific advertising forms or content, as well as high advertising investment, to amplify product characteristics, stimulate consumers' willingness to buy, and increase corporate sales. Finally, the research significance of this paper is to summarize the successful experience of advertising and marketing in the luxury goods, automobiles, and fast-moving consumer goods industries, and provide reference for other industries.

Reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction is a crucial process in CO2 utilization. Herein, Ni- and NiCe-containing hexagonal mesoporous silica (Ni-HMS and NiCe-HMS) catalysts were synthesized using an in-situ one-pot method and applied for RWGS reaction. At certain reaction temperatures 500-750 °C, Ni-HMS samples displayed a higher selectivity to the preferable CO than that of conventionally impregnated Ni/HMS catalyst. This could be originated from the smaller NiO nanoparticles over Ni-HMS catalyst. NiCe-HMS exhibited higher activity compared to Ni-HMS. The catalysts were characterized by means of TEM, XPS, XRD, H2-TPR, CO2-TPD, EPR and N2 adsorption-desortion technology. It was found that introduction of Ce created high concentration of oxygen vacancies, served as the active site for activating CO2. Also, this work analyzed the effect of the H2/CO2 molar ratio on the best NiCe-HMS. When reaction gas H2/CO2 molar ratio was 4 significantly decreased the selectivity to CO at low temperature, but triggered a higher CO2 conversion which is close to the equilibrium.

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The weakness and dialysis of lens zonule after cataract surgery may lead to dislocation of intraocular lens (IOL). It has been shown that cataract surgery could induce or aggravate posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) due to postoperative inflammation and increased volume of vitreous cavity. PVD is associated with the occurrence of several vitreoretinal diseases, such as rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and macular hole. This study aims to explore risk factors for dislocation of IOL concurring with vitreoretinal disease, such as retinal detachment and macular hole, and to evaluate the efficacy and complications of surgical intervention for these abnormalities concurrently.Ten patients (10 eyes) who diagnosed as rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, traumatic macular hole, high myopic macular hole, and combined with IOL dislocation at the Department of Ophthalmology of Xiangya Hospital from January 2004 to December 2020 were enrolled. The patients received vitreoretinal surgery and reposition of IOL by scleral suturing. Medical records were reviewed to figure out the time and type of IOL dislocation. Preoperative and 1 year of postoperative best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, corneal endothelial density, and complications of surgical management were analyzed.Ten patients including 4 high myopia, 4 ocular contusion, and 2 who experienced IOL dislocation during the posterior capsulotomy were included in this study. Coexistence of IOL dislocation and vitreoretinal abnormalities occurred in patients with high myopia, ocular contusion, and capsulotomy. IOL dislocation happened in the vitreoretinal surgery in patients with high myopia or intraoperative capsulotomy. IOL dislocation occurred preoperatively in patients with ocular contusion. IOL capsular bag complex dislocation and out-of-the-bag IOL dislocation were found in 4 and 6 patients, respectively. Surgical relocation of dropped IOL and repair of vitreoretinal disease improved the best corrected visual acuity from preoperative 1.79±0.39 to postoperative 1.13±0.45 (Dislocation of IOL may be concurrent with vitreoretinal disease. High myopia, blunt contusion, and capsulectomy might be the risk factors for intraocular lens dislocation. The surgical technique used in the present study is successful in manipulating these disorders with optimal functional results and less severe complications.

Stem cell-based therapy to restore the function of abnormal trabecular meshwork (TM) and decrease intraocular pressure (IOP) provides a novel approach to treat open-angle glaucoma. However, molecular mechanism for stem cells homing and anchoring to the TM remains unclear. This study aimed to discover the function of integrins in homing and integration of exogenous TM stem cells (TMSCs) to the TM. Integrin expression in TMSCs and fibroblasts was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), flow cytometry, immunofluorescent staining, and western blotting. Expression of integrin ligand fibronectin was detected in cultured TM cells and murine TM tissue by immunostaining. Cell affinity to TM cells or fibronectin matrix was examined to compare TMSCs with TMSCs functionally blocked with an α5β1 integrin antibody. TMSCs and TMSCs with α5β1 integrin-blocking were intracamerally injected into wild-type mice. Wholemounts and cryosections were analyzed to discover cell distribution and integration at 3 days and 1 month. IOP was measured to detect possible changes. We discovered that human TMSCs expressed a higher level of α5β1 integrin than fibroblasts, but similar levels of αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrin. Upregulation of fibronectin was found in both TM cells treated with dexamethasone for 14 days and murine TM tissues damaged by laser photocoagulation. TMSCs were able to attach to the TM cells and fibronectin matrix in vitro. When the surface α5β1 integrin was blocked, the attached cell numbers were significantly reduced. Both TMSCs and TMSCs incubated with an α5β1 integrin-blocking antibody could home to the mouse TM after injection. TMSCs blocked with the α5β1 integrin-blocking antibody were not retained in the TM tissue at 1 month. The injected cells did not affect mouse IOP. In conclusion, highly expressed α5β1 integrin participates in maintaining TMSCs anchored and integrated to the TM, which would be crucial for stem cell-based therapy for glaucoma.

With the increase of the global average temperature year after year, dry reforming of methane to synthetic gas as a way to deal with reaction between greenhouse gases CO2 and CH4, therefore, has become a research focus. In this work, using an impregnation method, nickel nitrate was loaded onto attapulgite (ATP) support, which is a low-cost natural mineral material, followed by coating with Ce, Mn and Mg oxide shell. After calcining treatment, Ni–ATP@M (M = Ce, Mg, Mn) sandwich-like structure catalysts were successfully prepared. Compared with Ni/ATP, the sandwich-like structure catalysts showed better conversion rate and stability. Interestingly, the Ce and Mg oxide-modified catalysts affected the surface area with strong interaction and catalyst basicity leading to the improvement of catalyst performance. MnO can increase the electron cloud densities of Ni and the rate of hydrogen spill-over and accelerate C–O dissociation. Among the three catalysts, Ni–ATP@Ce afforded the highest conversion of CH4 (58%) and CO2 (74%) at a reaction temperature of 700 °C and a ratio of methane to carbon dioxide of 1 : 1, mainly attributed to highest amount of oxygen vacancies and Ni0 on the catalyst surface.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to explore whether Team Based Learning (TBL) was effective method compared with Traditional Didactic Lecture (TDL) in improving problem solving and study ability about clinical course of ophthalmology in medical students. We also cared about the view and satisfaction of TBL in Chinese students. METHODS Two hundred and seventy-five students of 5-year clinical medicine program from Central South of China University participated in our study program, one hundred and forty enrolled in modified TBL course. A questionnaire including closed and open-ended items, was distributed to students immediately following completion of the TBL session and we collect one hundred and eight valid questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the quantitative data. The effects of the TBL module on student performance were measured between the groups using a one-way between groups Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test by the Individual Readiness Assurance Test (IRAT), the Group Readiness Assurance Test (GRAT), and final examination scores (FESs) compared with other class which didn’t apply TBL session. RESULTS 140 students achieved 72.65 mean test scores on test questions that assessed their knowledge of ophthalmology using the modified TBL strategy compared 135 students achieve 70.8 mean scores with TDL method (p=0.3434). The performance was significantly better during GRAT compared to IRAT in pre-class quiz. TBL learning method was favored and acceptable by most medical students compared to the TDL session. CONCLUSIONS Application of modified TBL to ophthalmology improved students’ performance, self-study, teamwork and increased their class engagement and satisfaction. But TBL should be further optimized and developed to enhance the educational outcomes.

Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness. In this study, we investigated if exogenous stem cells are able to rescue a glaucoma mouse model with transgenic myocilin Y437H mutation and explored the possible mechanisms. Human trabecular meshwork stem cells (TMSCs) were intracamerally transplanted which reduced mouse intraocular pressure, increased outflow facility, protected the retinal ganglion cells and preserved their function. TMSC transplantation also significantly increased the TM cellularity, promoted myocilin secretion from TM cells into the aqueous humor to reduce endoplasmic reticulum stress, repaired the TM tissue with extracellular matrix modulation and ultrastructural restoration. Co-culturing TMSCs with myocilin mutant TM cells in vitro promoted TMSCs differentiating into phagocytic functional TM cells. RNA sequencing revealed that TMSCs had upregulated genes related to TM regeneration and neuroprotection. Our results uncovered therapeutic potential of TMSCs for curing glaucoma and elucidated possible mechanisms by which TMSCs achieve the treatment effect.

With the rise in cloud computing architecture, the development of service-oriented simulation models has gradually become a prominent topic in the field of complex system simulation. In order to support the distributed sharing of the simulation models with large computational requirements and to select the optimal service model to construct complex system simulation applications, this paper proposes a service-oriented model encapsulation and selection method. This method encapsulates models into shared simulation services, supports the distributed scheduling of model services in the network, and designs a semantic search framework which can support users in searching models according to model correlation. An optimization selection algorithm based on quality of service (QoS) is proposed to support users in customizing the weights of QoS indices and obtaining the ordered candidate model set by weighted comparison. The experimental results showed that the parallel operation of service models can effectively improve the execution efficiency of complex system simulation applications, and the performance was increased by 19.76% compared with that of scatter distribution strategy. The QoS weighted model selection method based on semantic search can support the effective search and selection of simulation models in the cloud environment according to the user&rsquo, s preferences.

The description of model is the important foundation of realizing cloud computing-based simulation. Current description methods of simulation model resources have difficulty supporting search and discovery of simulation model in cloud architecture environment. So this article proposes a description method of cloud simulation model resources based on knowledge graph, concluding the information that cloud simulation model resources description is needed, and transforms the information into four different RDF triples to construct knowledge graphs for describing cloud simulation model resources. Taking the descriptions of three aircraft models as case study, this article tests the function of search and discovery of simulation model for the specific needs of users on the knowledge graph constructed from the case to prove the availability and effectiveness of this method.

Cloud robot technology is to transfer the computing power of the robot to the cloud. The tasks are distributed to computing nodes for execution, but the previous scheduling algorithms have large task execution makespan, load imbalancing for scheduling, and low QoS, resulting in low execution efficiency. In order to efficiently allocate tasks and improve the performance of cloud robot systems, this paper proposes a multi-task scheduling algorithm based on Min-Min algorithm in cloud computing. Through multi-task simulation experiments, the algorithm can deal with complex multi-task scenarios of cloud robots, effectively improve the performance and QoS of cloud robots, solve the problem of load imbalancing in cloud robot systems, and realize the demand for priority processing tasks.

Search and selection of simulation model is an important process of building simulation application of complex system based on model composition in cloud architecture environment. This paper aims to solve the problem of lacking model correlation search and quality of service (QoS) weighted selection. The knowledge graph is used to describe the simulation models and their correlations. According to the model attributes (such as model name, domain, type, time scale, model granularity, etc.) and the model correlation (such as equipment model carrying relationship, etc.) set by users, the initial set of simulation models satisfying the requirements is found based on semantic search. Then, an optimization selection mechanism based on QoS is proposed to support users in customizing the weights of the QoS indices. The optimally ordered model candidate set is provided for selecting according to the weighting comparison of QoS indices. The experimental results show that the proposed method based on semantic search can support the effective selection of simulation models in cloud environment and the composite modeling of complex systems.

Cloud computing provides a new infrastructure for the research of complex system simulation (CSS). However, insufficient computing resource allocation results in lower performance of a CSS application. On the other hand, excessive computing resource allocation will lead to the increase of simulation communication overhead and simulation synchronous computing. Therefore, accurate computing resource prediction is important to achieve optimal scheduling for CSS applications in the cloud environment. In this paper, a computing resource prediction approach based on ensemble learning has been proposed, which includes a cloud computing resource prediction framework and an intelligent ensemble algorithm. The framework with three–level architecture (simulation as a service, cloud computing resource predictor, and cloud computing resource pool) can provide computing resources to deal with the demands of the simulation applications. The intelligent ensemble algorithm uses an Accuracy and Relative Error-based Pruning algorithm to ensure the effective ensemble of base models (support vector machine, decision tree, and k-nearest neighbor). To improve the performance of the intelligent ensemble algorithm, a Feature Capability-based forward search Feature Selection algorithm is introduced to reduce redundancy between features. The experiments are presented to demonstrate that the intelligent ensemble algorithm can achieve higher accuracy by 4%-20% when compared with existing resource prediction models such as Regressive Ensemble Approach for Prediction, Bayesian, Linear Regression, Random Forest, and Fuzzy Neural Network.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Fear of Hypoglycemia scale with 15 items (FH-15). Methods: After obtaining the original author's authorization, the English version of the FH-15 scale was translated, back translated, and culturally debugged to obtain the Chinese version of FH-15. A convenient sampling method was used to extract patients with type 2 diabetes from four tertiary hospitals in Tianjin. A total of 408 patients with type 2 diabetes were investigated in the hospital to test the reliability and validity of Chinese version FH-15 scale. Results: The content validity index of the scale was 0.92, and the content validity index of each item was 0.8–1.0. The exploratory factor analysis extracted three common factors (fear, avoidance, and interference), which contained 15 items, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 71.245%. The confirmatory factor analysis results showed that the model fit was better at 1.981 χ2/df, GFI = 0.901, CGI = 0.962, TLI = 0.952, and RMSEA = 0.070. The cut-off value for the total hypoglycemia fear scale was 30.5. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the three dimensions of the scale was 0.918, the Cronbach's α coefficient of each dimension is 0.876–0.916, the test–retest reliability was 0.903, and the test–retest reliability of each factor was 0.733–0.930. Conclusion: The Chinese version of the FH-15 scale can be considered reliable and valid. The item expression is concise, clear, and easy to understand. It is suitable for clinical practice as an initial screening tool to identify and evaluate the severity of fear of hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Type 2, Fear, Hypoglycemia, Reliability, Validity

This paper studies the impact of macroeconomic factors on stock returns measured by Adjusted Closed Standard stock price. The macroeconomic variables are categorized into four classes: macroeconomic environment measured by Industrial Productions Index, monetary policy represented by Effective Federal Funds Rate, Consumer Price Index as a proxy of the price level, and labor force indicated by the unemployment rate. The result shows a significant correlation between macroeconomic variables and stock returns.