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The study aimed to assess the reaction to Tomato yellow vein streak virus (ToYVSV) of determinate-growth tomato breeding lines of the Instituto Agronomico de Campinas (Campinas Agronomic Institute) germplasm collection and to select resistant plants. The experiment was carried out from August 2008 to February 2009 in greenhouse conditions. The geminivirus isolate used was collected in a tomato commercial field, in Sumaré, São Paulo State, Brazil. The experimental design was completely ramdomized blocks, with 25 treatments, four replications, and 30-plant plots. Virus transmission was carried out in cages containing viruliferous whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci B biotype). Plant reaction to the pathogen was evaluated by means of the percentage of symptomless plants 40, 50, 57 and 64 days after transplanting. Virus detection in each genotype was carried out using PCR. Although all genotypes showed plants with and without ToYVSV symptoms, lines IAC-TG 17 and LA 462 (Solanum peruvianum) stood out due to the highest percentage of symptomless plants in the four evaluation dates. Therefore, considering the genotypes evaluated and the edaphoclimatic conditions in which this work was carried out, lines IAC-TG 17 and LA 462 can be used as sources of resistance to ToYVSV. Objetivou-se avaliar progênies de tomateiro de porte determinado da coleção biológica do Instituto Agronômico quanto à reação a Tomato yellow vein streak virus (ToYVSV) e selecionar plantas resistentes. A pesquisa foi conduzida em ambiente protegido, de 08/2008 a 02/2009. O isolado utilizado foi coletado em lavoura comercial de tomate de mesa, em Sumaré-SP. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso, com 25 tratamentos, quatro repetições e 30 plantas por parcela. A transmissão do vírus foi feita em gaiolas contendo moscas-brancas virulíferas (Bemisia tabaci biótipo B). A reação das plantas ao patógeno foi avaliada pela porcentagem de plantas sem sintomas, aos 40, 50, 57 e 64 dias após o transplantio. Para a detecção do vírus em cada genótipo utilizou-se reação de PCR. Em todos os genótipos avaliados foram observadas plantas com e sem sintomas do ToYVSV. Entre esses genótipos, destacaram-se IAC-TG 17 e o acesso LA 462 (Solanum peruvianum) com as maiores porcentagens de plantas sem sintomas nas quatro épocas de avaliação. Considerando os genótipos utilizados e as condições edafoclimáticas de desenvolvimento da pesquisa, IAC-TG 17 e LA 462 podem ser utilizados como fontes de resistência ao ToYVSV.

Linhagens avançadas do programa de melhoramento do tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum) do IAC foram avaliadas em condições de campo em Campinas (SP) para resistência a tospovírus e a potyvírus, nos anos agrícolas 2002/2003 e 2003/2004, respectivamente. No primeiro ano, a única espécie de tospovírus que ocorreu na área experimental foi Tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV). As sete linhagens do grupo IAC exibiram baixa porcentagem de plantas sintomáticas em duas avaliações, com médias abaixo de 28%; as cultivares testadas mostraram-se altamente suscetíveis, com médias acima de 85%, à exceção de 'Franco', que apresentou cerca de 55% de infecção. No segundo experimento, conduzido em 2003/2004, dez linhagens do grupo IAC foram comparadas com cinco cultivares de polinização aberta e híbridos F1, além do acesso LA-444-1 de L. peruvianum. Nesse experimento, por meio de testes biológicos e sorológicos, verificou-se ocorrência generalizada de Potato virus Y (PVY). Foi determinado o percentual de plantas com sintomas e avaliada a intensidade dos sintomas mediante uso de escala de notas. Com base nos dois critérios, verificou-se que LA-444-1 apresenta alta resistência a PVY, que 'Tyrade' exibe comportamento intermediário, enquanto todos os demais genótipos demonstram alta suscetibilidade ao vírus. O comportamento dos genótipos avaliados neste trabalho mostra a necessidade de se considerar, nos programas de melhoramento do tomateiro, a introgressão de fatores de resistência não só a vírus de importância atual nas regiões produtoras, como geminivírus, mas também a outros vírus potencialmente nocivos à cultura, como tospovírus e potyvírus. Advanced breeding lines from the IAC tomato breeding program and several tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) cultivars and F1 hybrids were screened for tospovirus and potyvirus resistance under field conditions, at Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil, during the 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 growing seasons. During the first season, only Tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV) was detected in plants of the experimental area. On both evaluations, all seven lines (IAC group) were resistant to TCSV, with under 28% of infected plants. The tomato cultivars and hybrids were highly susceptible, with greater than 85% of infected plants, except for 'Franco', with 55% of infected plants. During the 2003/2004 growing season, the number of IAC lines evaluated was raised from seven to ten, and they were compared to five cultivars/F1 hybrids and to L. peruvianum LA-444-1. On this experiment, only Potato virus Y (PVY) was detected in plants. Evaluations were carried out using a symptom intensity scale and ELISA. Considering both criteria, it was verified that only LA-444-1 displayed high resistance to PVY. In addition, 'Tyrade' displayed an intermediate behavior while all other lines, cultivars and hybrids behaved as susceptible to this potyvirus. These results highlight the need of introgressing resistance to multiple viruses in tomato breeding programs, taking into consideration the economical importance and relative incidence of each virus in different geographical regions and natural variations on incidence from year to year.

Corresponding author : e-mail cfmmenck@usp.br;; International audience; Over 40,000 sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) consensus sequences assembled from 237,954 expressed sequence tags were compared with the protein and DNA sequences from other angiosperms, including the genomes of Arabidopsis and rice (Oryza sativa). Approximately two-thirds of the sugarcane transcriptome have similar sequences in Arabidopsis. These sequences may represent a core set of proteins or protein domains that are conserved among monocots and eudicots and probably encode for essential angiosperm functions. The remaining sequences represent putative monocot-specific genetic material, one-half of which were found only in sugarcane. These monocot-specific cDNAs represent either novelties or, in many cases, fast-evolving sequences that diverged substantially from their eudicot homologs. The wide comparative genome analysis presented here provides information on the evolutionary changes that underlie the divergence of monocots and eudicots. Our comparative analysis also led to the identification of several not yet annotated putative genes and possible gene loss events in Arabidopsis