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The Surface engineering of nanoparticles has contributed to the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology by designing of new material depends on their surface modifier with series of functional properties and applications. The dispersed nanoparticles can change or modify the interfacial properties in liquid-liquid system in aqueous phase if their surface is modified by ionic surfactant. The interfacial energy in nanoparticles-brine system, the ions tends to modify the transport phenomena in pore channels and improve the recovery. The use of the suspension of the particles at nanoscales can offer some advantages of induced sedimentation stability by surface force easily counter balance the force of gravity. This happened due to their nanosize, nanostructure, high volume to surface ratio and strong rock fluid interaction. It also influences the emulsion stability and alters the surface characteristics of surfactant and polymer within the rock in porous medium. Some of the problems associated with conventional EOR processes have been solved by nanoscience applications due to their potential response to reduce the interfacial tension at low to ultra-low level, wettability reversal and improvement in rheology of formation fluids. The large specific surface area, high reactivity, toughness and other properties of Nanoparticles can immensely improve the oil mobility compare to conventional EOR. This paper updates the latest review, experimental evidences and re-interpretation of past research data and applications in respect of silica and titanium dioxide nanoparticles in different environment within surfactant(s), polymer(s), polymer-surfactant EOR processes. The nanotechnology therefore is an effective and alternate solution to brush up the traditional EOR approach with state of art technology which can revolutionize the total oil and gas industry and can contributes significantly to enhance the economics of oil field industry.

Limited reporting of Indigenous-led planetary health education programmes has constrained efforts to expand planetary health education, in Indigenous communities and beyond, despite urgent need. Although incorporation of Indigenous knowledge and cultures cannot be standardised, showcasing successful programmes could reveal good practices and aid replicability. In this Personal View, we highlight how shellfish toxin education programmes, designed and organised by the Sitka Tribe of Alaska, reduce local environmental health risks and support youth in pathways towards careers in planetary health. We describe how programmes build awareness and understanding of the local environment, environmental and health risks, and context-appropriate adaptation strategies by centring Tlingit culture and using hands-on activities that integrate Tlingit culture with western science. Lesson plans and resources created by Sitka Tribe of Alaska staff for these programmes are available in the US National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences Partnerships for Environmental Public Health resources web database.

BackgroundBritish American Tobacco (BAT) released an industry-first human rights report in 2020, which extolled the efforts and objectives of the tobacco industry giant for promoting human rights. How BAT came to brand itself as a human rights champion, being a leader in an industry long accused of enabling human rights violations from leaf-to-stub including profiting from a product which inherently violates the right to health, is unknown. Exploring BAT's evolution through reviewing its materials and Tobacco Industry Documents could shed light on their development and what it means in the tobacco control and human rights context.MethodologyWe reviewed publicly available materials from BAT as well as conducted archival research in the Tobacco Industry Documents digital archives at University of California San Francisco. We focused on how and when BAT used terms such as 'human rights', 'right to health', 'sustainable development goal' and 'harm reduction' as well as 'Framework Convention on Tobacco Control'.ResultsWe reviewed 48 BAT publications and 45 documents from the Tobacco Industry Documents archives. These materials demonstrate both BAT's increasing utilisation of human rights language as well as BAT's reuse of the same language, concepts and general rhetoric. BAT has not engaged significantly or meaningfully on the human right to health.ConclusionBAT's increasing use of human rights rhetoric does not appear to reflect a shift in the company's human rights positions, particularly with respect to the right to health of consumers and BAT's lack of impactful measures to eliminate the harms of its tobacco products.

Abstract Delta-like Ligand 3 (DLL3) targeting therapies are promising in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) treatment. However, DLL3 expression in SCLC and other neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) is heterogeneous and not well characterized. We describe the landscape of DLL3 at the mRNA and protein levels across SCLC, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), and non-small cell lung cancer. Additionally, we explore its expression in extra-pulmonary NEN (EP-NEN) using a standardized DLL3 IHC assay. DLL3 expression is enriched in SCLC, LCNEC along with combined histology lung cancers. Moreover, we find a wide range of DLL3 expression in high-grade EP-NEN. We describe heterogenous DLL3 expression not only in SCLC but also in different NEN types. This comprehensive characterization of DLL3 can help guide future clinical trial design targeting DLL3 in NEN including LCNEC and EP-NEN that are lacking standard of care treatment options.

Abstract Patient-reported outcome measures for quality of life (QoL) like the Oswestry-Disability-Index (ODI) are useful for a quick, comprehensive and comparable evaluation of spondylodiscitis treatment. While it is known that even after successful surgical treatment, the QoL of spondylodiscitis patients remains below that of the general population, risk factors for a poor outcome have not been described so far. We did a retrospective post-hoc analysis of 130 surgically treated spondylodiscitis patients from 2008 to 2022. Biographical, clinical und QoL data were prospectively collected before (T0) and one year (T1) after surgery. The primary outcome was QoL at T1. Patients were grouped according to their ODI score at T1 (Group 1: ODI

Introduction: Nasolabial cyst is a rare non-odontogenic soft tissue cyst of the nasal alar region with an occurrence of 0.7% cases out of all maxillofacial cysts. Clinically, it mostly presents as painless swelling in the nasal region. Diagnosis is made based on history and clinical examination. Aspiration, radiographic examination, and cross-sectional scans assist in ruling out other odontogenic or non-odontogenic pathologies and also help in locating the lesion. Case report: This paper documents case report of nasolabial cyst in a 30-year-old male patient. This article presents clinical diagnosis, investigations, and surgical management of the lesion, along with a review of literature. Conclusion: There are various treatment options for the management of NLC. We used a sublabial surgical approach to excise the lesion, followed by histopathological examination, which further confirmed the diagnosis. This lesion has rare reoccurrence and should be considered in differential diagnosis for swelling in nasal alar region. Update Dent. Coll. j: 2024; 14(2): 31-35

Background: Shramahara Mahakasya (SM) is an Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation known for its anti-fatigue and anti-anxiety effects on the human body. However, its mechanism of action remains largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the intricate mechanisms through which SM polyherbal extract exerts neuroprotective and anxiolytic effects in cultured HT-22 cells and rodent models. Method: In this study, the chemical composition of SM was first identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The antioxidant potential of SM was evaluated through antioxidant assays such as DPPH, ABTS and FRAP. The neuroprotective activity of SM (200 and 600 μg/mL) was investigated in glutamate (10 mM) assaulted HT-22 cells. The anxiolytic activity of SM (50 and 100 mg/kg) was assessed in a caffeine (50 mg/kg) induced anxiety model of Sprague Dawley rats. The possible underlying mechanisms for the neuroprotective and anxiolytic activities of SM were explored through biochemical assays and brain histology. Results: Our findings suggest that SM has antioxidant and neuroprotective potential, as evidenced by a decrease in ROS accumulation, Ca2+ overload, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) loss, and apoptosis in HT-22 cells subjected to glutamate-induced oxidative stress. The extract also increased SOD2 levels and decreased cleaved caspase-3 levels across various treatment sets. The anxiolytic activity of SM was demonstrated by improved behavior of the animals in the elevated plus maze test and increased SOD activity in the brain. SM exhibited the most effective improvements in anxiety disorder at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight in rats. Conclusions: This study is a pioneering investigation depicting the antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-apoptotic, and anxiolytic potential of SM formulation against glutamate/caffeine-induced oxidative stress and anxiety in both in vitro and in vivo situations. Overall, our study suggests that the regular consumption of SM formulation could effectively prevent anxiety symptoms by reducing oxidative stress in neuronal cells.

Hydrogen is an industrially significant gas and is considered a potential clean fuel. In the time of climate change; when the global impetus is towards reducing the reliance on fossil fuel, there is a need to go for other alternatives to secure the supply of this strategic gas as almost 95 % of Hydrogen is generated from fossil fuels. Geothermal energy is a reliable green energy source that harnesses crust thermal heat to generate power and is independent of physical weather processes. In this study, we outlined the different production techniques of hydrogen and evaluated the utilization of geothermal resources in the generation of green hydrogen. This study evaluated the different electrolyzers and geothermal energy-based green hydrogen production models and we concluded that cogeneration of hydrogen with the geothermal plant is strongly dependent on the temperature of the geothermal fluid, its flow rate, the cycle of the plant, and the ORC working fluid. Green hydrogen production utilizes the waste thermal energy of the plant thus increasing the plant efficiency and plant output diversification adds up to its economy. In this study, we also outlined the feasibility prospects of geothermal-based green hydrogen and concluded that geothermal energy-based green hydrogen can be a promising way to decarbonization.