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ABSTRACT Introduction: Pregnancy-related complications may impact women’s reproductive cycle and health through their lives. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sociodemographic, clinical, and obstetric history of women undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study in a specialized health facility with four hemodialysis units. Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical and personal history, obstetric and perinatal results of women with pregnancies before hemodialysis were evaluated. Prevalence, bivariate, and logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: We included 208 (87.76%) women. Hypertension was the main cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) (128 women). Rates of adverse perinatal outcomes, including prematurity, low birth weight, miscarriage, fetal death, and neonatal death, were 19.3%, 14.5%, 25.5%, 12.1%, and 5.3%, respectively. Hypertensive syndromes during pregnancy occurred in 37.0% of women, with 12.5% reporting preeclampsia and 1.4% reporting eclampsia. Up to 1 year after birth, 45.2% of women reported hypertension. Hemodialysis due to hypertension was associated with a history of hypertension during pregnancy (OR 2.33, CI 1.27 – 4.24), gestational hypertension (2.41, CI 3.30 – 4.45), and hypertension up to one year after birth (OR 1.98, CI 1.11 – 3.51). Logistic regression showed that gestational hypertension was independently associated with CKD due to hypertension (aOR 2.76, CI 1.45 – 5.24). Conclusion: Women undergoing hemodialysis due to hypertension were more likely to have gestational hypertension or hypertension up to one year after birth. To delay end-stage renal disease, it is necessary to identify women at risk of kidney failure according to their reproductive history.

Idiopathic pulmonary artery hypertension (IPAH), chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), and acute pulmonary embolism (APTE) are life-threatening cardiopulmonary diseases without specific surgical or medical treatment. Although APTE, CTEPH and IPAH are different pulmonary vascular diseases in terms of clinical presentation, prevalence, pathophysiology and prognosis, the identification of their circulating microRNA (miRNAs) might help in recognizing differences in their outcome evolution and clinical forms. The aim of this study was to describe the APTE, CTEPH, and IPAH-associated miRNAs and to predict their target genes. The target genes of the key differentially expressed miRNAs were analyzed, and functional enrichment analyses were carried out. The miRNAs were detected using RT-PCR. Finally, we incorporated plasma circulating miRNAs in baseline and clinical characteristics of the patients to detect differences between APTE and CTEPH in time of evolution, and differences between CTEPH and IPAH in diseases form. We found five top circulating plasma miRNAs in common with APTE, CTEPH and IPAH assembled in one conglomerate. Among them, miR-let-7i-5p expression was upregulated in APTE and IPAH, while miRNA-320a was upregulated in CTEP and IPAH. The network construction for target genes showed 11 genes regulated by let-7i-5p and 20 genes regulated by miR-320a, all of them regulators of pulmonary arterial adventitial fibroblasts, pulmonary artery endothelial cell, and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. AR (androgen receptor), a target gene of hsa-let-7i-5p and has-miR-320a, was enriched in pathways in cancer, whereas PRKCA (Protein Kinase C Alpha), also a target gene of hsa-let-7i-5p and has-miR-320a, was enriched in KEGG pathways, such as pathways in cancer, glioma, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. We inferred that CTEPH might be the consequence of abnormal remodeling in APTE, while unbalance between the hyperproliferative and apoptosis-resistant phenotype of pulmonary arterial adventitial fibroblasts, pulmonary artery endothelial cell and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in pulmonary artery confer differences in IPAH and CTEPH diseases form. We concluded that the incorporation of plasma circulating let-7i-5p and miRNA-320a in baseline and clinical characteristics of the patients reinforces differences between APTE and CTEPH in outcome evolution, as well as differences between CTEPH and IPAH in diseases form.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217907.].

Abstract Objective To evaluate the relation between changes the body mass index (BMI) percentile, reflected in the Atalah curve, and perinatal outcomes. Methods A cross-sectional study with 1,279 women was performed. Data regarding gestational weight, sociodemographic characteristics and perinatal outcomes were collected through medical charts, prenatal card and interviews in the postpartum period. Women could be classified according to the Atalah curve in the following categories: low weight, adequateweight, overweight, and obese. The BMIwas calculated at the first and at the last prenatal care visits, and these values were compared. Results An increase in the BMI category according to the Atalah classification occurred in 19.9% of pregnant women, and an increase of 3.4, 5.8 and 6.4 points of BMI were found for women respectively classified in the adequate weight, overweight and obese categories at the first prenatal visit. Women with high school education presented a lower chance of increasing their BMI (odds ratio [OR] 0:47 [0.24- 0.95]). Women who evolved with an increase in the the Atalah classification were associated with cesarean section (OR 1.97-2.28), fetalmacrosomia (OR 4.13-12.54) and large for gestational age newborn (OR 2.88-9.83). Conclusion Pregnant women who gained enough weight to move up in their BMI classification according to the Atalah curve had a higher chance of cesarean section and macrosomia. Women classified as obese, according to the Atalah curve, at the first prenatal visit had a high chance of cesarean section and delivering a large for gestational age newborn.

ObjectiveTo determine Shock Index (SI) reference values in the first two hours of the postpartum period after objectively measuring postpartum bleeding.Materials and methodsA complementary analysis using data from a prospective cohort study at Women's Hospital of the University of Campinas, Brazil, between 1 February 2015 and 31 March 2016. It included women giving birth vaginally unless they had one of these conditions: gestational age below 34 weeks, hypertension, hypo- or hyperthyroidism without treatment, any cardiac disease, infections with fever or sepsis, history of coagulopathy or delivery by C-section. Blood loss was measured by adding the blood volume collected in the drape placed under the women's buttocks and the weight of gauzes and compresses used (excluding the dry weight). Vital signs were measured every 5-15 min after delivery. Exploratory data analysis was performed to assess the mean, standard deviation, median, and percentiles (5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, 95th). To identify variation among the periods after delivery, the mean SI and heart rate (HR) values observed for the following intervals were used in the analysis: 0-20 min, 21-40 min, 41-60 min, 61-90 min and 91-120 min.ResultsOne hundred eighty-six women were included. The mean age ± SD was 24.9 ± 6.1 years and the mean gestational age at birth was 39.2 ± 1.8 weeks. At the puerperal period, the mean SI values ranged from 0.68 ± 0.14 to 0.74 ± 0.15. The percentile distribution ranged from 0.46 (5th percentile) to 1.05 (95th percentile). The mean HR values ranged from 80.8 ± 12.7 bpm to 92.3 ± 14.4 bpm. The percentile distribution ranged from 62.0 bpm (5th percentile) to 117 bpm (95th percentile).ConclusionReference ranges were established for SI and HR values which showed small variations throughout the postpartum period.

PURPOSE: To explore the relationship between morphological characteristics and histologic localization of metastasis within sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) and axillary spread in women with breast cancer. METHODS: We selected 119 patients with positive SLN submitted to complete axillary lymph node dissection from July 2002 to March 2007. We retrieved the age of patients and the primary tumor size. In the primary tumor, we evaluated histologic and nuclear grade, and peritumoral vascular invasion (PVI). In SLNs we evaluated the size of metastasis, their localization in the lymph node, number of foci, number of involved lymph nodes, and extranodal extension. RESULTS: Fifty-one (42.8%) patients had confirmed additional metastasis in non-sentinel lymph nodes (NLSN). High histologic grade, PVI, intraparenchymatous metastasis, extranodal neoplastic extension and size of metastasis were associated with positive NLSN. SLN metastasis affecting the capsule were associated to low risk incidence of additional metastasis. After multivariate analysis, PVI and metastasis size in the SLN remained as the most important risk factors for additional metastasis. CONCLUSIONS:The risk of additional involvement of NSLN is higher in patients with PVI and it increases progressively according the histologic localization in the lymph node, from capsule, where the afferent lymphatic channel arrives, to the opposite side of capsule promoting the extranodal extension. Size of metastasis greater than 6.0 mm presents higher risk of additional lymph node metastasis.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of sonographic endometrial thickness and hysteroscopic characteristics in predicting malignancy in postmenopausal women undergoing surgical resection of endometrial polyps. METHODS: Five hundred twenty-one (521) postmenopausal women undergoing hysteroscopic resection of endometrial polyps between January 1998 and December 2008 were studied. For each value of sonographic endometrial thickness and polyp size on hysteroscopy, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated in relation to the histologic diagnosis of malignancy. The best values of sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of malignancy were determined by the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS: Histologic diagnosis identified the presence of premalignancy or malignancy in 4.1% of cases. Sonographic measurement revealed a greater endometrial thickness in cases of malignant polyps when compared to benign and premalignant polyps. On surgical hysteroscopy, malignant endometrial polyps were also larger. An endometrial thickness of 13 mm showed a sensitivity of 69.6%, specificity of 68.5%, PPV of 9.3%, and NPV of 98% in predicting malignancy in endometrial polyps. Polyp measurement by hysteroscopy showed that for polyps 30 mm in size, the sensitivity was 47.8%, specificity was 66.1%, PPV was 6.1%, and NPV was 96.5% for predicting cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Sonographic endometrial thickness showed a higher level of accuracy than hysteroscopic measurement in predicting malignancy in endometrial polyps. Despite this, both techniques showed low accuracy for predicting malignancy in endometrial polyps in postmenopausal women. In suspected cases, histologic evaluation is necessary to exclude malignancy.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a correlação entre o International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Urinary Incontinence/Short Form (ICIQ-UI/SF) e a Avaliação Urodinâmica (AU) em mulheres com incontinência urinária (IU). MÉTODOS: Foram analisados retrospectivamente dados clínicos, AU e escore do ICIQ-UI/SF de 358 mulheres com IU atendidas em clínica privada. O teste de correlação entre ICIQ-UI/SF e os parâmetros urodinâmicos foi o teste de Spearman. Foi utilizada a curva ROC, com os valores de sensibilidade e especificidade dos escores do ICIQ-UI/SF apresentados pelas pacientes, para identificar o valor do questionário que determinasse a presença da alteração urodinâmica estudada. Para o cálculo do valor p foi utilizado o teste do c² ou exato de Fisher. O nível de significância foi de 5% e o software utilizado para análise foi o SAS versão 9.2. RESULTADOS: As pacientes com IU aos Esforços segundo a AU - IUE urodinâmica - representaram 67,3% do total; aquelas com IUE na AU e Hiperatividade Detrusora (HD) - IUM urodinâmica - 16,2%, e as pacientes com HD isolada - HD - 7,3% do total. As pacientes com AU normal representaram 9,2% do total da amostra. Houve associação significativa entre escore ³14 no ICIQ-UI/SF e as pacientes com IUE urodinâmica e IUM urodinâmica. Pacientes com Pressão de Perda ao Esforço (PPE) £90 cmH2O apresentaram escore ao ICIQ-UI/SF³15. O teste de Spearman mostrou correlação inversa fraca entre o escore e a PPE, porém não mostrou correlação entre esse escore e a Capacidade Cistométrica Máxima (CCM) ou com o volume vesical no primeiro desejo miccional. CONCLUSÃO: Houve associação entre o escore do ICIQ-UI/SF e IUE urodinâmica (isolada ou associada à HD); porém não houve associação com a HD isolada. Quanto menor o valor da PPE, maior o escore total do ICIQ-UI/SF. O ICIQ-UI/SF não foi capaz de discriminar o tipo de IU na população estudada.PURPOSE: To evaluate the correlation between the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Urinary Incontinence/Short Form (ICIQ-UI/SF) and Urodynamic evaluation (UE) in women with urinary incontinence (UI). METHODS: Clinical data, UE and ICIQ-UI/SF scores for 358 patients from private health service were analyzed retrospectively . The correlation between ICIQ-UI/SF and urodynamic parameters was determined by Spearman's test. A ROC curve with the sensitivity and specificity of the ICIQ-UI/SF scores was utilized to establish the value of the questionnaire that would predict an altered urodynamic parameter. The c² test or Fisher's exact test was used to calculate the p-value. The level of significance was 5% and the software used was SAS 9.2. RESULTS: Sixty-seven point three percent of the patients presented Stress UI (SUI) according to the UE (urodynamic SUI); those with SUI and Detrusor overactivity (DO) at UE represented 16.2% of the women (SUI+DO), and those with only DO at UE (DO) represented 7.3% of the women. Patients with normal UE represented 9.2% of the women. There was a significant association between ICIQ-UI/SF scores ³14 and patients with urodynamic SUI, with or without DO. Patients with Valsava Leak Point Pressure (VLPP)£90 cmH2O presented ICIQ-UI/SF³15. Spearman's test showed a weak inverse correlation between ICIQ-UI/SF score and VLPP, although it did not show any correlation with maximum cystometric capacity or with bladder volume on first desire to void. CONCLUSION: There was an association between ICIQ-UI/SF score and patients with SUI, with or without DO, but no association between the score and patients with DO alone. The lower the VLPP value, the higher the ICIQ-UI/SF score. The ICIQ-UI/SF was not able to distinguish the different types of UI in the studied population

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os fatores associados a algumas morbidades em mulheres brasileiras de 40 a 65 anos e com 11 anos ou mais de escolaridade. MÉTODOS: Análise secundária de estudo transversal de base populacional, empregando-se um questionário anônimo e autorrespondido por 377 mulheres. Foram avaliadas, com o uso deste instrumento, algumas morbidades (hipertensão, diabetes, insônia e depressão) e fatores sociodemográficos, comportamentais, clínicos e reprodutivos. A associação entre as morbidades e as variáveis independentes foi avaliada por meio do teste do Χ2. Realizou-se a regressão logística múltipla com critério de seleção stepwise para selecionar os principais fatores associados a cada uma das morbidades. RESULTADOS: Na análise múltipla, a insônia esteve associada à autopercepção da saúde péssima/ruim (OR=2,3) e ao nervosismo (OR=5,1). O relato de depressão esteve associado à autopercepção da saúde péssima/ruim (OR=3,7) e ter lazer péssimo/ruim (OR=2,8). A hipertensão apresentou-se relacionada à obesidade (OR=3,1) e a estar na pós-menopausa (OR=2,6). Já diabetes, à idade acima de 50 anos (OR=3,9) e obesidade à (OR=12,5). CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de morbidades foi alta e pior autopercepção da saúde e obesidade foram os principais fatores associados à presença de morbidades.PURPOSE: To evaluate factors associated with morbidities among Brazilian women aged 40-65 years and with 11 or more years of schooling. METHODS: A secondary analysis of a cross-sectional population-based study was conducted, using an anonymous self-report questionnaire completed by 377 women. Were evaluated, with this instrument, some morbidities (hypertension, diabetes, insomnia and depression) and sociodemographic, behavioral, clinical and reproductive factors. The association between morbidities and independent variables was evaluated by the Χ2 test. Multiple logistic regression analysis with stepwise selection criteria was used to select the major factors associated with morbid conditions. RESULTS: In the multiple regression analysis, insomnia was associated with bad/fair self-perception of health (OR=2.3) and nervousness (OR=5.1). Depression was associated with bad/fair self-perception of health (OR=3.7) and bad/poor leisure (OR=2.8). Hypertension was associated with obesity (OR=3.1) and being in postmenopausal (OR=2.6). Diabetes was associated with age above 50 years (OR=3.9) and obesity (OR=12.5). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of morbidities was high and a worse self-perception of health and obesity were the main factors associated with morbidity.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency of elective induction of labour and its determinants in selected Latin America countries; quantify success in attaining vaginal delivery, and compare rates of caesarean and adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes after elective induction versus spontaneous labour in low-risk pregnancies. METHODS: Of 37 444 deliveries in women with low-risk pregnancies, 1847 (4.9%) were electively induced. The factors associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes among cases of spontaneous and induced onset of labour were compared. Odds ratios for factors potentially associated with adverse outcomes were calculated, as were the relative risks of having an adverse maternal or perinatal outcome (both with their 95% confidence intervals). Adjustment using multiple logistic regression models followed these analyses. FINDINGS: Of 11 077 cases of induced labour, 1847 (16.7%) were elective. Elective inductions occurred in 4.9% of women with low-risk pregnancies (37 444). Oxytocin was the most common method used (83% of cases), either alone or combined with another. Of induced deliveries, 88.2% were vaginal.The most common maternal adverse events were: (i) a higher postpartum need for uterotonic drugs, (ii) a nearly threefold risk of admission to the intensive care unit; (iii) a fivefold risk of postpartum hysterectomy, and (iv) an increased need for anaesthesia/analgesia. Perinatal outcomes were satisfactory except for a 22% higher risk of delayed breastfeeding (i.e. initiation between 1 hour and 7 days postpartum). CONCLUSION: Caution is mandatory when indicating elective labour induction because the increased risk of maternal and perinatal adverse outcomes is not outweighed by clear benefits.

OBJETIVO: avaliar prospectivamente os efeitos da reconstrução mamária imediata sobre a qualidade de vida de mulheres mastectomizadas. MÉTODOS: foram incluídas 76 mulheres submetidas à mastectomia no Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, em Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil, entre Agosto de 2007 a Dezembro de 2008. Dois grupos foram formados, 41 mulheres no grupo de mulheres submetidas à mastectomia associada à reconstrução imediata da mama (M+RI) e 35 no grupo de mulheres submetidas à mastectomia exclusiva (M). A avaliação da qualidade de vida foi feita com o uso do questionário World Health Organization - Quality of Life (WHOQOL-100). O questionário foi aplicado em três momentos: na data da internação, após um mês e novamente seis meses após a cirurgia. Os escores do WHOQOL-100 foram calculados conforme roteiro de análise fornecido pela Organização Mundial de Saúde. Para análise comparativa dos escores entre grupos, foram utilizados os testes t de Student, exato de Fisher, χ2 e Mann-Whitney, quando os dados eram paramétricos. Para análise das medidas repetidas, ao longo do tempo, foi utilizada a ANOVA e ANOVA para medidas repetidas. RESULTADOS: em todos os momentos, desde o pré-operatório, a pontuação média do Grupo M+RI foi maior que o Grupo M, principalmente nos domínios físico, psicológico, nível de independência e relações sociais. Dos seis domínios abrangidos no questionário, em três (físico, relações sociais, meio ambiente) não foram encontradas diferenças significativas. Houve melhor pontuação para o Grupo M+RI (15,5 a 14,9 no M+RI e 14,3 a 14,2 no M; p=0,04) no domínio psicológico. Observou-se redução significativa do nível de independência no primeiro mês pós-operatório em ambos os grupos, com recuperação significativa após seis meses. CONCLUSÕES: os presentes resultados sugerem que a reconstrução mamária imediata é benéfica para aspectos psicológicos da qualidade de vida, sem afetar a funcionalidade física da mulher.PURPOSE: to prospectively evaluate the effects of immediate breast reconstruction on the quality of life of women who underwent mastectomy. METHODS: 76 women that underwent mastectomy at Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, from August 2007 to December 2008, were included. Two groups were formed: 41 women who underwent mastectomy combined with immediate breast reconstruction (M+RI) and 35 that were subjected to mastectomy alone (M). The quality of life evaluation was assessed with the World Health Organization's questionnaire - Quality of Life (WHOQOL-100). The questionnaire was administered on three occasions: at the time of admission, one month after surgery, and again six months after surgery. The WHOQOL-100 scores were calculated according to analysis' guidelines by the World Health Organization. For comparison of the scores between groups, it was used the Student's t-test, Fisher exact test, chi-square test, and Mann-Whitney test. For the analysis of repeated measures over time, ANOVA and ANOVA for repeated measures were used. RESULTS: at all time points evaluated, beginning with the preoperative assessment, the average quality of life scores of the M+IR Group were higher than those of the M Group, primarily in the "physical", "psychological", "level of independence" and "social relationships" domains of the questionnaire. Of the six areas covered by the questionnaire, three ("physical", "social relations", "environment") showed no significant differences between groups. The M+IR Group had a better score (15.5 to 14.9 for the M+IR and 14.3 to 14.2 for M; p=0.04) in the psychological domain. There was a significant reduction in the level of independence in the first month after surgery in both groups, with a significant recovery after six months. CONCLUSIONS: the present results suggest that immediate breast reconstruction is significantly beneficial regarding the psychological aspects of quality of life, without affecting the patient's physical functionality.

Trata-se de estudo corte transversal, descritivo com componente analítico, com o objetivo de avaliar a ansiedade dos pacientes no período que precede o procedimento, as alterações hemodinâmicas, respiratórias e dor no intra-operatório em pacientes submetidos à extração de terceiros molares retidos sob anestesia local. Foram incluídos no estudo 42 sujeitos do sexo masculino, hígidos, com idade compreendida entre 18 e 34 anos. A anestesia foi feita com cloridrato de lidocaína a 2% com adrenalina 1:50.000, na dose que variou de 72 a 144mg. Com auxilio de monitor multiparamétrico não-invasivo avaliaram-se os parâmetros: pressão arterial média, freqüência cardíaca, saturação periférica de O2 e frequência respiratória; o grau de ansiedade (escala de ansiedade para cirurgia odontológica) e dor (escala analógica visual). A análise estatística foi realizada por meio dos testes t de Student e Wilcoxon pareado. O nível de significância foi fixado em 5%. O tempo médio máximo de cirurgia foi 60 minutos, período considerado para análise dos resultados. Neste estudo, vinte pacientes apresentavam algum grau de ansiedade. Dor intensa foi referida por sete pacientes nos momentos da osteotomia, odontosecção e luxação que necessitaram de complementação com anestésico local. A análise individual dos parâmetros hemodinâmicos e respiratórios mostrou alterações consideradas clinicamente significativas. Os resultados deste estudo permitem concluir que alterações hemodinâmicas e respiratórias podem ocorrer durante extrações de terceiros molares retidos, especialmente em pacientes ansiosos e com dor. A monitorização é importante na detecção e conseqüentemente prevenção dessas intercorrências, sendo particularmente útil em pacientes em que essas repercussões devam ser evitadas.

OBJETIVO: avaliar o nível de atividade física, a qualidade de vida e os fatores associados em mulheres com 60 anos ou mais. MÉTODOS: estudo de corte transversal que incluiu 271 mulheres frequentadoras de um centro de lazer e de mulheres atendidas no Ambulatório de Menopausa em Campinas (SP). As mulheres foram convidadas a participar da pesquisa, que foi realizada com o uso de entrevistas. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), versão 8, modificado para a população idosa para avaliar o nível de atividade física, e o Questionário de Qualidade de Vida da Organização Mundial da Saúde, específico para este grupo (WHOQOL-OLD), para avaliar o escore de qualidade de vida. Os resultados do IPAQ foram avaliados por meio de tercis, e a associação entre resultados do WHOQOL-OLD e IPAQ e características das mulheres pelos testes t de Student/Mann-Whitney e de análises múltiplas. RESULTADOS: a média etária das mulheres foi de 67,4±5,3 anos. Destas, 33% foram classificadas como pouco ativas. A análise de cada domínio da atividade física mostrou que 60,8% do tempo foi gasto em atividade sentada (1.701,6±986,1 minutos/semana). Ser frequentadora de um centro de lazer, ter maior idade, sem companheiro, maior escolaridade e boa autopercepção do estado de saúde, sem antecedentes de doenças e maior renda foram características que se associaram significativamente à prática de exercícios físicos de intensidade moderada/vigorosa. A análise múltipla evidenciou que frequentar um centro de lazer em Campinas (SP) e ter 70 anos ou mais aumentaram a chance de praticar exercícios físicos de intensidade moderada ou vigorosa, respectivamente, em 11,4 vezes e 2,8 vezes. O escore médio de qualidade de vida foi de 66,9±11,7. O maior valor foi observado no domínio referente às habilidades sensoriais (72,0±18,8), e o menor no que se refere à autonomia (60,3±16,2). A regressão linear mostrou que a boa autopercepção da saúde aumentou o escore de qualidade de vida em 7,3 pontos; o uso de maior número de medicamentos diminuiu em 4,4 pontos; e a prática de exercícios físicos moderados ou vigorosos aumentou em 4,8 pontos o referido escore. CONCLUSÕES: as mulheres despendem muito tempo na posição sentada. Evidenciou-se a importância da prática de exercícios físicos de intensidade moderada/vigorosa contribuindo para a obtenção de uma boa qualidade de vida.PURPOSE: to evaluate the level of physical activity, quality of life and associated factors in women aged 60 or older. METHODS: a cross-sectional study was conducted on 271 women who go to a Leisure Center and women attended at a menopause ambulatory in Campinas (SP). The women were invited to take part in the research, carried out through interviews. The instruments used were the version 8 of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) modified for the elderly population in order to evaluate their physical activity, and the World Health Organization Questionnaire of Quality of Life specific for this group (WHOQOL-OLD) to evaluate their quality of life. IPAQ results were assessed using tertiles. The association between the WHOQOL-OLD and the IPAQ results and subject characteristics was assessed by the Student's t test, Mann-Whitney test and multiple analyses. RESULTS: the average age of women was 67.4±5.3 years. Among these women, 33% were classified as being less active. Analysis of each physical activity domain showed that 60.8% of the time was spent in sitting activities (1,701.6±986.1 minutes/week). Multiple analyses indicated that attending a leisure center in Campinas (SP) and being 70 years old or older increased the chances of engaging in moderate-intensity or vigorous-intensity physical activity by 11.4 and 2.8 times, respectively. The average quality of life score was 66.9±11.7. The highest value was observed in the domain related to sensory abilities (72.0±18.8) and the lowest value was related to autonomy (60.3±16.2). Linear regression showed that a good self-perception of health increased the quality of life score by 7.3 points, the use of a bigger amount of medication decreased it by 4.4 points and the performance of moderate or vigorous physical exercise increased the score by 4.8 points. CONCLUSION: women spend prolonged periods of time in sitting activities. The importance of engaging in moderate/vigorous-intensity physical activity is evident for obtaining a good quality of life.

Este estudo avaliou o bem-estar global de 133 cuidadores de mulheres com câncer genital ou de mama, na fase avançada da doença, pelo General Comfort Questionnaire (GCQ) e analisou a associação com ansiedade, depressão, variáveis sociodemográficas e encargos do cuidador. Foi aplicada a Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão, o GCQ e uma entrevista semi-estruturada. Foram utilizadas a análise de variância (ANOVA), Tukey e a regressão linear múltipla em stepwise para determinar correlações entre as características do cuidador e bem-estar. O Alpha de Cronbach foi 0,8315. Segundo os resultados, quanto maior a idade do cuidador melhor o bem-estar (p

A mortalidade por câncer do colo uterino não está reduzindo. A terrritorialização e o cadastramento das famílias pela Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) favorece que se identifique as mulheres que nunca fizeram o exame citológico ou que estão há mais de três anos sem fazê-lo. Este estudo analisou se o rastreamento do câncer do colo uterino em Amparo, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, avançou no sentido de seguir as recomendações vigentes ao longo de sete anos da ESF. A periodicidade anual manteve-se alta, com discreta tendência ao espaçamento dos controles. A distribuição de exames tendeu a aumentar no grupo etário 40-59 anos e a diminuir no grupo etário com mais de 60 anos, e a cobertura anual tendeu a diminuir. Os percentuais de exames em excesso variaram de 61,2% a 65,5%. Concluindo, a qualificação do rastreamento do câncer do colo do útero foi discreta e não modificou o padrão oportunístico dos controles. Considerando que os agentes comunitários de saúde podem atuar no sentido de aumentar a cobertura dessas ações, é fundamental capacitá-los para tal.Uterine cervical cancer mortality has not been declining. The territorial distribution and registration of families in Brazil's Family Health Strategy help identify women that have performed a Pap smear or that have not had one for more than three years. This study analyzed whether cervical cancer screening in Amparo, São Paulo State, Brazil, made progress in complying with the prevailing guidelines during the seven years of experience with the Strategy. The annual examination rate remained high, with a slight trend towards greater intervals between follow-up tests. Distribution of tests tended to increase in the 40-59-year age bracket and decrease in the over-60 age group, while annual coverage tended to decrease. The proportions of excess tests varied from 61.2% to 65.5%. Concluding, the upgrading of cervical cancer screening was slight, and did not change the opportunistic pattern of follow-up tests. Considering that community health agents can act to increase the coverage of these measures, it is essential to train them for this work.

OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the vertical position adopted by nulliparous women during labor in terms of pain and satisfaction with the position. METHODS: the study was based on a secondary efficacy analysis of data from 107 nulliparous women enrolled in a randomized controlled trial in which the vertical position adopted during the dilation phase of labor was evaluated. The analysis involved comparing the median percentages of the duration for which women remained in the vertical position for each of the variables studied . The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to determine the difference s betwee n th e groups. Statistical significance was set at p 7 (p=0.02) . At 4 and 6 cm of dilation , the women who reported greater satisfaction remained more than 50 % of the time in the vertical position (p=0.0 2 an d p=0.03 , respectively). CONCLUSIONS: the vertical position helped relieve labor pain and increased comfort and patient satisfaction.OBJETIVOS: avaliar a posição vertical , adotada por mulheres nulíparas durante o trabalho de parto , em relação à dor e satisfação com a posição. MÉTODOS: abordagem analítica distinta, complementar e de eficácia de 107 nulíparas, secundária aos dados de um ensaio controlado randomizado, que avaliou a posição vertical em nulíparas durante a fase de dilatação do trabalho de parto. A análise foi realizada pela comparação das porcentagens medianas do tempo de permanência na posição vertical para cada categoria das variáveis estudadas. Para testar as diferenças entre as variáveis foram utilizados os testes de Kruskal-Wallis e de Mann-Whitney. A significância foi estabelecida em p 7 (p=0.02). As mulheres mais satisfeitas, aos 4 e 6 cm de dilatação, permaneceram mais de 50 % do tempo na posição vertical (p=0.0 2 e p=0.03, respectivamente). CONCLUSÕES: a posição vertical auxiliou no alívio da dor , melhorou o conforto e satisfação das parturientes.

OBJETIVO: avaliar a frequência de quedas e sua associação com parâmetros estabilométricos de equilíbrio corporal em mulheres na pós-menopausa com e sem osteoporose. MÉTODOS: estudo corte transversal que incluiu 266 mulheres com e sem osteoporose, acima de 60 anos, amenorreia de no mínimo 12 meses. As mulheres foram entrevistadas quanto à ocorrência de quedas nos últimos 12 meses, informações clínicas e sociodemográficas. O diagnóstico de osteoporose foi verificado pela densitometria óssea e o equilíbrio corporal avaliado com plataforma de força. Para análise estatística foram calculadas médias, desvios padrão, percentuais, teste de Mann-Whitney, χ2 e Odds Ratio, coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. RESULTADOS: mulheres com osteoporose apresentaram menor índice de massa corpórea (IMC), menor escolaridade, menor tempo de uso de terapia hormonal e menor idade na menopausa. A frequência de quedas foi significativamente maior no grupo de mulheres com osteoporose (51,1%) (pPURPOSE: to evaluate the rate of fall and its association with stabilometric parameters in postmenopause women, with or without osteoporosis. METHODS: transversal cohort study including 266 over 60-year-old women with and without osteoporosis, with at least 12 months of amenorrhea. The women were interviewed about the occurrence of falls in the previous 12 months, and about clinical and sociodemographic information. The osteoporosis diagnosis was done through bone densitometry and the postural stability evaluated through a stabilometric platform. For statistical analysis, mean, standard deviation, percentage, Mann-Whitney test, χ2 and Odds Ratio, and Spearman's correlation coefficient have been calculated. RESULTS: women with osteoporosis presented lower body mass index (BMI), lower schooling, shorter hormonal therapy and sooner menopause onset. The rate of fall was significantly higher in the group of women with osteoporosis (51.1%) (p

OBJETIVO: avaliar a qualidade de vida e aspectos da sexualidade de mulheres com câncer de mama segundo o tipo de cirurgia e características sociodemográficas. MÉTODOS: realizou-se um estudo de corte transversal com 110 mulheres tratadas há pelo menos um ano por câncer de mama no Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher da UNICAMP. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada por meio do questionário WHOQOL-bref e as questões sobre sexualidade, por um questionário específico, no qual se utilizou o coeficiente alpha de Cronbach para verificar validade e concordância das respostas (alpha=0,72) e a técnica de análise fatorial com critério de autovalor e rotação máxima de variância, resultando em dois componentes assim denominados: intrínseco ou intimidade (como a mulher se vê sexualmente) e extrínseco ou atratividade (como a mulher acredita que os outros a veem sexualmente). As variáveis sociodemográficas foram avaliadas nos domínios do questionário da OMS e nos componentes de sexualidade por meio do teste de Kruskal-Wallis seguido pelo teste de Mann-Whitney e pela correlação de Spearman. RESULTADOS: idade, escolaridade, tipo de cirurgia e tempo desde a cirurgia não influenciaram a qualidade de vida nos domínios físico, meio ambiente, psicológico e relações sociais. Mulheres com relacionamento marital estável tiveram escores maiores nos domínios psíquico (p=0,04) e relações sociais (p=0,02). Maior nível socioeconômico influenciou a qualidade de vida nos domínios físico (p=0,01) e meio ambiente (p=0,002). Em relação à sexualidade, houve influência da idade no componente extrínseco (p=0,0158). Mulheres com relacionamento marital estável tiveram escores maiores de qualidade de vida em ambos os componentes de sexualidade. Maior escolaridade influenciou positivamente no fator intrínseco. Mulheres submetidas à quadrantectomia ou à mastectomia com reconstrução imediata apresentaram melhores escores em relação à atratividade quando comparadas às mastectomizadas sem reconstrução. CONCLUSÕES: melhor nível socioeconômico e de escolaridade, relação marital estável e cirurgia com conservação mamária estão associados a melhores taxas de qualidade de vida, inclusive a sexual.PURPOSE: to evaluate the quality of life and sexuality features of women with breast cancer, according to the type of surgery they underwent and their sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS: transversal study with 110 women treated for breast cancer, for at least one year in the Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher of UNICAMP. The quality of life was assessed by the WHOQOL-bref questionnaire, and the issues on sexuality, by a specific questionnaire in which Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was used to validate the concordance of responses (alpha=0.72) and the technique of factor analysis, with the criterion of self value and variance maximum rotation, resulting in two components: intrinsic or intimacy ( how the woman sees herself sexually) and extrinsic or attractiveness (how the woman believes the others see her sexually). Sociodemographic variables have been assessed according to the WHO questionnaire, and the sexuality components, through the Kruskal-Wallis followed by the Mann-Whitney's test and Spearman correlation test. RESULTS: age, schooling, type of surgery and lapse of time from the surgery did not influence the quality of life concerning physical, environmental, and psychological aspects, as well as the social relationships. Women with a stable marital relationship got higher scores in the psychological area (p=0.04) and in the area of social relationships (p=0.02). Higher socioeconomic level influenced the quality of life concerning physical appearance (p=0.01) and environment (p=0.002). Regarding the sexuality, age had influence in the extrinsic component (p=0.0158). Women with a stable marital relationship had higher scores of quality of life in both components of sexuality. Higher schooling influenced in a positive way the intrinsic factor. Women submitted to quadrantectomy or mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction showed higher scores relating to attractiveness in comparison to mastectomized women without reconstruction. CONCLUSIONS: better socioeconomic level and better schooling, stable marital relationship and surgery with breast conservation are linked to better rates of quality of life, including sexuality.

OBJETIVO: Analisar os fatores determinantes do acesso de adolescentes gestantes a serviços de atenção primária à saúde, anterior à ocorrência da gestação. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal baseado em referencial teórico. O acesso a serviços foi analisado em cinco dimensões: geográfico, econômico, administrativo, psicossocial e de informação. Participaram 200 adolescentes primigestas (10 a 19 anos) atendidas em uma unidade básica de saúde do município de Indaiatuba (SP), em 2003. Um questionário com perguntas abertas e fechadas referentes ao acesso ao último serviço de saúde utilizado, anterior à gestação, foi aplicado às participantes no momento de sua primeira consulta de pré-natal. Os dados foram analisados por meio do teste de qui-quadrado de Pearson ou exato de Fisher e por regressão logística múltipla, considerando as cinco dimensões de acesso. RESULTADOS: Mais da metade (63,7%) das adolescentes utilizou algum serviço de saúde para consulta ginecológica. Entre as que nunca consultaram um ginecologista, as justificativas dadas foram falta de informação (43,8%) ou sentimento de medo ou vergonha (37,0%). A principal dificuldade de acesso ao serviço esteve relacionada a barreiras psicossociais, identificadas por 77,0% das adolescentes. CONCLUSÕES: Entre as barreiras de acesso ao serviço de saúde, foram significativas apenas as psicossociais. São necessárias novas estratégias para facilitar o acesso ao serviço de saúde às adolescentes, incluindo ações que diminuam as barreiras de gênero e que se considerem suas características sociodemográficas e o vínculo com seus parceiros.OBJETIVO: Analizar los factores determinantes del acceso de adolescentes gestantes a los servicios de atención primaria a la salud, anterior a la ocurrencia de la gestación. MÉTODOS: Se efectuó estudio transversal basado en referencial teórico. El acceso a servicios fue analizado en cinco dimensiones: geográfico, económico, administrativo, psicosocial y de información. Participaron 200 adolescentes primigestas (10 a 19 años) atendidas en una unidad básica de salud del municipio de Indaiatuba (Sureste de Brasil), en 2003. Se aplicó a las participantes en el momento de su primera consulta pre-natal un cuestionario con preguntas abiertas y cerradas referentes al acceso al último servicio de salud utilizado, anterior a la gestación. Los datos fueron analizados por medio de la prueba de Chi cuadrado de Pearson o exacto de Fischer y por regresión logística múltiple, considerando las cinco dimensiones del acceso. RESULTADOS: Más de la mitad (63,7%) de las adolescentes utilizó algún servicio de salud para consulta ginecológica. Entre las que nunca consultaron un ginecólogo, las justificativas dadas fueron falta de información (43,8%) o sentimiento de miedo o vergüenza (37,0%). La principal dificultad de acceso al servicio estuvo relacionada con barreras psicosociales, identificadas por 77,0% de las adolescentes. CONCLUSIONES: Entre las barreras de acceso al servicio de salud, fueron significativas solo las psicosociales. Son necesarias nuevas estrategias para facilitar el acceso al servicio de salud a las adolescentes, incluyendo acciones que disminuyan las barreras de género y que se consideren sus características sociodemográficas y el vínculo con sus parejas.OBJECTIVE: To assess determinants of access to primary care services prior to pregnancy by pregnant adolescents. METHODS: Theory-based cross-sectional study conducted to examine access to heath services at five dimensions: geographic, economic, administrative, psychosocial and information. There were included in the study 200 first-time pregnant adolescents (aged 10 to 19 years) who attended a primary care unit in the municipality of Indaiatuba, Southeastern Brazil, in 2003. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire applied in face-to-face interviews conducted just before their first pre-natal care visit. Data analyses were performed through Person's chi-square or Fisher's exact test, and by a multivariate logistic regression model including all five dimensions of access. RESULTS: More than half (63.7%) of the adolescents utilized some gynecological care service. Information (43.8%) or psychosocial feelings of embarrassment or fear (37.0%) barriers were the most frequent reasons given for not having sought care before. The main barrier to health service access was related to the psychosocial dimension, reported by 77.0% of the adolescents studied. CONCLUSIONS: Among all barriers to health service access, the most important were those related to the psychosocial dimension. There is a need for new strategies to facilitate access to health services by adolescents, including actions to reduce gender-based barriers taking into consideration sociodemographic characteristics of this population and the relationship they have with their partners.

OBJETVO: comparar a qualidade de vida (QV) antes e após tratamento fisioterápico de mulheres com incontinência urinária de esforço (IUE). MÉTODOS: ensaio clínico não controlado com 26 mulheres com queixa clínica predominantemente de IUE. Foram excluídas mulheres na pós-menopausa, com hiperatividade do detrusor, com cistocele grau II ou maior e tratamento cirúrgico/conservador anterior. O tratamento fisioterápico constituiu-se em 12 sessões individuais de cinesioterapia do assoalho pélvico associadas ao biofeedback eletromiográfico, e as mesmas realizavam 200 contrações divididas entre fásicas (rápidas) e tônicas (lentas). Para avaliar a QV, todas responderam ao King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ), antes e após o tratamento. Os dados foram descritos em freqüências, médias e desvios-padrões, medianas, mínimos e máximos. Os escores do KHQ foram comparados pelo teste de Wilcoxon para amostras pareadas, com nível de significância de 0,05. RESULTADOS: houve uma diminuição dos sintomas urinários, particularmente da freqüência urinária, noctúria, urgência miccional e perdas urinárias aos esforços. Observou-se uma melhora significativa nos escores dos domínios do KHQ: percepção da saúde (49,0±24,0 versus 26,9±15,7; p=0,0015), impacto da incontinência (78,2±28,2 versus 32,1±30,5; p=0,001), limitações das atividades diárias (75,0±28,2 versus 13,5±22,6; pPURPOSE: to compare women's quality of life (QoL) before and after physical therapy treatment for stress urinary incontinence (SUI). METHODS: an uncontrolled clinical trial of 26 women, who had mainly complaints of SUI. Post-menopausal women with overactive bladder, cystocele >grade II and previous surgical/conservative treatments were excluded from the study. The physiotherapy treatment relied on 12 individual pelvic floor exercises assisted by electromyographyc-biofeedback sessions. A total of 200 contractions were carried out, divided in phasic (quick) and tonic (slow). The tool used to evaluate QoL was the King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ), before and after the treatment. RESULTS: there was a decrease in the urinary symptoms, particularly in urinary frequency, nocturia, urgency and urinary incontinence. Regarding the QoL, there was a significant improvement in the following domain scores: general health perception (49.0±24.0 versus 26.9±15.7; p=0.0015), incontinence impact (78.2±28.2 versus 32.1±30.5; p=0.001), activity limitation (75.0±28.2 versus 13.5±22.6; p

O objetivo da pesquisa foi elaborar o perfil socioeconómico das usuárias atendidas nas diferentes especialidades e nas unidades de internação do Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher (CAISM/UNICAMP), para subsidiar o atendimento dos assistentes sociais e da equipe multidisciplinar. A metodologia consistiu em um estudo quanti-qualitativo com questionário estruturado e entrevistas individuais realizadas com 400 usuárias das unidades ambulatoriais e de internação. Os dados referentes ao nível socioeconómico e cultural das usuárias influem diretamente no processo de saúde e doença discutindo, assim, as manifestações da questão social, foco central do trabalho dos assistentes sociais.

ObjectiveTo assess the physical activity levels of pregnant women and to examine the characteristics associated with the practice of exercise and the activities of daily living during pregnancy.MethodsFor this cross-sectional study, 1,279 women were recruited within 72 hours postpartum. They were interviewed about their socio-demographic data and obstetric history and were administered self-report questionnaires about exercise and daily physical activities during pregnancy. Data on the current pregnancy, labor, delivery, and newborn outcomes were collected from participants' medical records. To analyze factors related to the practice of exercise, we used the student t-test, X², and odds ratio (OR), with a corresponding 95% confident interval (CI), followed by a multiple logistic regression. The significance level was 5%.ResultsCompared to the pre-pregnancy period, the prevalence of physical activity among participants was lower throughout pregnancy (20.1%) (p = 0.01). Half of the women interrupted practicing physical exercise due to pregnancy. The lowest prevalence of exercise was observed in the first (13.6%) and third trimesters (13.4%). Less than half of women received exercise guidance during prenatal care meetings (47.4%). Walking was the most commonly reported exercise, followed by water aerobics. Factors positively associated with exercise practice were higher educational level (OR= 1.82; CI 95% 1.28-2.60), primiparity (OR=1.49; CI 95% 1.07-2.07), exercising before pregnancy (OR= 6.45; CI 95% 4.64-8.96), and exercise guidance during prenatal care (OR=2.54; CI 95% 1.80-3.57). Mildly intense exercise and domestic activities were most frequently reported among pregnant women. There were no differences in maternal and perinatal outcomes between active and sedentary pregnant women.ConclusionThe findings indicate that promoting physical activity remains a priority in public health policy, and women of childbearing age, especially those planning a pregnancy, should be encouraged to adopt an exercise routine or maintain an active lifestyle during pregnancy in order to avoid sedentary- and obesity-associated risks.

OBJETIVO: verificar se, no escrutínio de rotina, fatores relacionados com a adequabilidade da amostra, padrão celular e critérios citomorfológicos estão associados a resultados falso-negativos (FN) dos exames citopatológicos. MÉTODOS: trata-se de um estudo caso-controle, no qual o grupo de casos incluiu 100 esfregaços citopatológicos com um resultado FN que foi detectado pela sistemática de controle interno da qualidade com revisão rápida de 100%. Para cada resultado FN detectado foram identificados, pelo mesmo citotécnico, dois esfregaços com um diagnóstico verdadeiro-positivo e este grupo foi considerado controle, totalizando uma casuística de 300 esfregaços. As variáveis analisadas foram estabelecidas de acordo com os critérios definidos para a análise da adequabilidade da amostra, padrão celular e critérios citomorfológicos. Os resultados foram avaliados por análise bivariada e regressão logística com critério de seleção de variáveis stepwise e expressos em OR (95%). RESULTADOS: o número de células atípicas, aspecto da cromatina nuclear, distribuição e apresentação de células atípicas no esfregaço apresentaram risco maior para resultados FN, com OR de 9,6; 4,2; 4,4 e 3,6, respectivamente. Processo inflamatório e presença de sangue no esfregaço mostraram também risco para os resultados FN. CONCLUSÕES: a maioria dos fatores associados à liberação de um resultado FN é dependente das condições e técnicas de coleta de material, pois, em grande parte, a lesão pode não estar adequadamente representada no esfregaço, e também fatores obscurecedores como sangue e processo inflamatório podem prejudicar a análise. Quanto às alterações citomorfológicas, cromatina fina foi a característica que apresentou maior risco para resultados FN.PURPOSE: to evaluate whether factors related to the adequacy of the sample, cell pattern and cytomorphological criteria are associated with false-negative (FN) results of cervical cytopathology during routine examinations. METHODS: this is a case-control study in which the study group included 100 cytopathologic smears with FN results detected during systematic internal quality control consisting of 100% rapid review. For each FN result detected, two smears with a true-positive diagnosis were identified by the same cytotechnician and these constituted the control group, making a total sample size of 300 smears. The variables were established in accordance with the criteria defined for the analysis of sample adequacy, cell pattern and cytomorphological analyzed criteria. The results were evaluated using bivariate analysis and logistic regression with stepwise variable selection criteria expressed in OR (95%). RESULTS: the number of atypical cells, the appearance of nuclear chromatin, and the distribution and presentation of atypical cells in the smear were the variables that showed the greatest risk for FN results with OR of 9.6, 4.2, 4.4, and 3.6, respectively. Inflammatory processes and the presence of blood in the smear were also identified as variables that influence the risk of FN results. CONCLUSIONS: the majority of the factors associated with FN results are dependent on the conditions and techniques of sample collection, since in the majority of cases, the lesion may not be adequately represented in the smear. Confounding factors such as blood and inflammatory processes may also impair analysis. With respect to cytomorphological alterations, thin chromatin strand was the variable that indicated the greatest risk of FN results.

OBJETIVO: avaliar a freqüencia de ansiedade e depressão em cuidadores principais de mulheres em fase terminal de câncer de mama ou genital. MÉTODOS: para este estudo de corte transversal foram incluídos 133 cuidadores de pacientes sem possibilidades curativas, internadas no Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher, entre agosto de 2002 e maio de 2004. Das pacientes incluídas, 71 apresentavam câncer de mama e 62, câncer ginecológico. Foi aplicada a Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão e realizada entrevista para obter outras informações como idade, sexo, religião, parentesco com a paciente, profissão, se cuidava de outras pessoas, se a rotina dele mudou e se outras pessoas ajudavam a cuidar da paciente. Utilizou-se a regressão logística para cálculo do odds ratio (OR) e seus respectivos intervalos de confiança (IC), para avaliar a relação entre os diagnósticos de ansiedade e depressão entre os cuidadores informais. Para a análise múltipla foi considerado o critério de seleção de variáveis passo a passo. RESULTADOS: observou-se que 43% das pacientes indicaram como cuidador principal a filha e 24% o marido. A maioria dos cuidadores tinha idade superior a 35 anos (63%), 68% eram do sexo feminino, 59% estavam desempregados ou aposentados, 47% cuidavam de outra pessoa e 84% referiram mudança na rotina pelo fato de cuidar. A ansiedade foi detectada em 99 cuidadores principais (74,4%) e a depressão em 71 (53,4%), sendo estes estados fortemente relacionados entre si (OR=5,6; IC 95%: 2,2 a 15,9). Na análise bivariada, o marido apresentou menos ansiedade e, após regressão logística, apenas o fato de ser homem esteve relacionado com menor ansiedade. CONCLUSÃO: o processo de cuidar de paciente na fase terminal levou a altas taxas de ansiedade e depressão. Os homens e maridos despontaram neste estudo como cuidadores menos ansiosos.PURPOSE: to evaluate the frequency of anxiety and depression in main caretakers of patients with terminal breast or gynecological cancer. METHODS: for this cross-sectional study, 133 informal caretakers of terminally-ill breast and gynecologic cancer patients were included. Patients were hospitalized for palliative care in the Oncology Clinic of the "Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher (Campinas, Brasil) from August 2002 to May 2004. Seventy-one of the patients had breast cancer and 62 had gynecological malignancies. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) was applied to these informal caretakers, in order to detect anxiety and depression, and they were also interviewed to provide additional information regarding their age, gender, religion, relation to patient, current occupation, if they cared for other people, whether their routine had changed and whether other people helped them to care for the patient. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and its confidence interval (CI), used to assess the relationship between the diagnoses of anxiety and depression among the informal caretakers. For multiple analyses, the stepwise criterion for variable selection was used. RESULTS: 43% percent of the patients identified their daughters as their main caretaker, and 24%, their husbands. Most of the caretakers were over 35 years old (63%), 68% were female, 59% were unemployed, 47% cared for another person and 84% referred that his/her routine had changed because of caring. Anxiety was detected in 99 caretakers (74.4%) and depression in 71 (53.4%). Anxiety and depression were strongly correlated (odds ratio 5.6; 95% confidence interval 2.2 to 15.9). Bivariate analysis disclosed that the patients' husbands were less affected by depression, but multivariate analysis revealed that only the fact of being male was related to a lower prevalence of anxiety. CONCLUSION: caring for terminally-ill cancer patients led to high prevalence of anxiety and depression. Only men and the patients' husbands were found to have a lower prevalence of anxiety.

OBJETIVO: avaliar e comparar resultados da eletromiografia de superfície do assoalho pélvico feminino em diversas posições (decúbito dorsal, na posição sentada e ortostática). MÉTODOS: foram avaliadas 26 mulheres submetidas a um protocolo de exercícios para o fortalecimento do assoalho pélvico como tratamento da incontinência urinária de esforço por hipermobilidade do colo vesical. Utilizou-se sensor intravaginal conectado ao equipamento Myotrac 3G TM e a avaliação consistia em: 60 segundos iniciais de repouso, cinco contrações fásicas, uma contração tônica de 10 segundos e outra de 20 segundos. As amplitudes destas contrações foram obtidas pela diferença entre a amplitude final da contração menos a amplitude de repouso (em µV) e foram comparadas com o uso do teste de Wilcoxon para amostras pareadas (pPURPOSE: to evaluate and compare results of female pelvic floor surface electromyography in different positions: lying, sitting and standing. METHODS: twenty-six women with the diagnosis of stress urinary incontinence treated with a protocol of exercises to strengthen the pelvic floor muscle were evaluated. Pelvic floor surface electromyography was performed with an intravaginal sensor connected to Myotrac 3G TM equipment, as follows: initial rest of 60 s, five phasic contractions, one 10-s tonic contraction and one 20-s tonic contraction. The amplitudes were obtained from the difference between the final contraction amplitude and the amplitude at rest (in µV). Wilcoxon test was applied for nonparametric data (p value

OBJETIVO: avaliar o desempenho da carga viral do HPV por captura de híbridos II (CHII) na predição da gravidade das lesões cervicais. MÉTODOS: foram incluídas 309 mulheres admitidas por resultado anormal da colpocitologia oncológica (CO) entre agosto de 200 e novembro de 2002. Todas foram submetidas a avaliação histológica, sendo que a presença de neoplasia intra-epitelial cervical (NIC) grau 2 ou mais (NIC 3, carcinoma invasor) foi considerada doença grave. A CHII foi realizada para tipos de HPV de alto risco oncogênico e a carga viral medida em unidades relativas de luz (URL). O desempenho da CHII foi avaliado por curva receiver operating characteristics (ROC). RESULTADOS: na avaliação histológica, 140 (45,3%) mulheres apresentavam cervicite ou NIC 1 e 199 (54,7%), NIC 2/3, adenocarcinoma in situ ou câncer invasor. O melhor ponto de corte da CHII para a detecção de doença grave foi 35 URL, com sensibilidade de 69% e especificidade de 70%. O valor preditivo positivo das alterações compatíveis com lesão de alto grau na CO associado a CHII de 35 URL (unidades relativas de luz) foi de 88,2% para a detecção de NIC 2 ou mais. Já 95,7% das mulheres com lesões de baixo grau na CO e CHII menor que 1 URL não apresentaram lesões histológicas graves. CONCLUSÃO: o melhor desempenho da CHII no diagnóstico de NIC 2 ou lesão mais grave foi encontrado com 35 URL. A associação da CO com a CHII em diferentes cargas virais mostrou valores preditivos positivos e negativos muito altos.

Objetivo: Estabelecer o perfil das mulheres que freqüentam a saúde pública de Jundiaí, segundo o hábito do autoexame das mamas, e determinar fatores associados. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, exploratório, de corte transversal, aplicado às mulheres, que utilizaram a saúde pública de Jundiaí. Utilizou-se questionário pré-testado. Análise multivariada realizada através de regressão logística com seleção de variáveis stepwise controladas pelo fator escolaridade. Resultados: Com relação ao auto-exame, em um total de 332 mulheres brasileiras com idade superior a 16 anos, 131 (39,82%) o faziam todos os meses e 198 (60,18%) nunca ou raramente o faziam. A maioria que não tinha o hábito de fazer auto-exame possuía menos de 35 anos de idade (47%), e a maioria que o fazia todos os meses tinha mais de 50 anos (43,5%). As mulheres que tinham nível médio/superior e que tiveram doença sexualmente transmissível tiveram mais chance de fazer auto-exame todos os meses, bem como o fato do médico orientar sempre o auto-exame aumentou em 3,3 vezes a chance de fazê-lo em relação a quem nunca teve essa orientação. Associou-se esse resultado ao hábito de fazer mamografia, em que mais de 53% das mulheres que examinavam mensalmente as mamas já haviam feito mamografia, enquanto mais de 56% das mulheres que não tinham o hábito do auto-exame nunca haviam feito esse exame. Conclusões: O auto-exame é conhecido pelas entrevistadas, embora mais da metade dessas não o realize. O fator social e a educação médica em saúde foram fundamentais no hábito desse exame, bem como na prática de mamografia.

OBJECTIVE: To develop an indicator of maternal near miss as a proxy for maternal death and to study its association with maternalfactors and perinatal outcomes. METHODS: In a multicenter cross-sectional study, we collected maternal and perinatal data from the hospital records of a sample of women admitted for delivery over a period of two to three months in 120 hospitals located in eight Latin American countries. We followed a stratified multistage cluster random design. We assessed the intra-hospital occurrence of severe maternal morbidity and the latter's association with maternal characteristics and perinatal outcomes. FINDINGS: Of the 97 095 women studied, 2964 (34 per 1000) were at higher risk of dying in association with one or more of the following: being admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), undergoing a hysterectomy, receiving a blood transfusion, suffering a cardiac or renal complication, or having eclampsia. Being older than 35 years, not having a partner, being a primipara or para > 3, and having had a Caesarean section in the previous pregnancy were factors independently associated with the occurrence of severe maternal morbidity. They were also positively associated with an increased occurrence of low and very low birth weight, stillbirth, early neonatal death, admission to the neonatal ICU, a prolonged maternal postpartum hospital stay and Caesarean section. CONCLUSION: Women who survive the serious conditions described could be pragmatically considered cases of maternal near miss. Interventions to reduce maternal and perinatal mortality should target women in these high-risk categories.

OBJECTIVE: To generate a new body mass index curve of reference values and ranges for body mass index and weight gain during pregnancy and to compare the new curve and weight gain ranges with the currently used references. METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted with a total of 5,656 weight and body mass index measurements in 641 women with single pregnancy who attended their first prenatal visit before 12 weeks. All the women were over 18 years old and had no medical conditions that would influence body mass index. Data were collected using prenatal charts and medical records during hospitalization for childbirth. A linear regression method was used for standard curve smoothing in the general population and for specific curves according to the baseline body mass index classification. Curves were obtained for the 5th, 10th, 50th, 85th, 90th and 95th percentiles. Concordance between the classification of women using the newly generated and currently used curves was evaluated by percentages and kappa coefficients. The weight gain was compared with the reference values of the Institute of Medicine using Student’s T test. The data were analyzed using SAS software version 9.2, and the significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS: A general reference curve of percentiles of body mass index by gestational age was established. Additionally, four specific curves were generated according to the four baseline body mass index categories. The new general curve offered percentile limits for women according to their initial body mass index and according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention limits, showing poor agreement with the currently used curve (48.3%). Women who were overweight or obese when starting prenatal care had higher weight gain than the Institute of Medicine recommendation. CONCLUSIONS: The new proposed curve for body mass index during pregnancy showed weak agreement with the currently used curve. The new curve provided more information regarding body mass index increase using percentiles for general and specific groups of body mass index. Overweight pregnant women showed an upward body mass index trend throughout pregnancy that increased more dramatically than those of other groups of pregnant women, and they also presented a major mean difference between weight gain and the Institute of Medicine recommendation.

OBJECTIVE: To determine and to compare the levels of secretory immunoglobulin A in samples of colostrum and milk of mothers of term and preterm neonates. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The levels of secretory immunoglobulin A of 10 mothers of term neonates and 10 mothers of preterm neonates were determined from 5mL of colostrum or milk collected on the 1st, 4th, 10th and 15th days of the puerperal period, using the radial immunodifusion technique. We employed anamnesis, as well as physical and gynecological exams in women in the puerperal period. All the patients were attended at the Januário Cicco Maternity College. RESULTS: The secretory immunoglobulin A levels were significantly higher in the colostrum and milk of mothers of preterm neonates when compared with the levels found in colostrum and milk of mothers of term neonates (Mann-Whitney test, p

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge concerning gestational weight gain (GWG), nutrition, and physical exercise (PE) in pregnant women, and how to put them into practice. Methods A cross-sectional study with 61 pregnant women above 26 weeks of gestation, at the Woman’s Hospital, CAISM, University of Campinas. Questionnaires regarding the knowledge of healthy habits (HH) during pregnancy, sociodemographic data, and previous obstetric outcomes were applied. An educational guide with advice on HH during pregnancy and in the postpartum period was offered. Results The average age of women was 28.7 ± 6.23 years, with 85% of them being married; 32% nulliparous; the average body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy was 25.4 ± 9.8 kg/m2, and themean number of years of schoolingwas 11.2 ± 3.8. Only 61%of the subjects had received any previous information about GWG during their antenatal care and were aware as to howmany pounds they should gain during pregnancy. Among the 61 women, 85% understood that they did not need to “eat for 2” and 99% knew that PE had benefits for their body and was safe for their baby. Half of the women practiced PE prior to pregnancy; however, only 31% continued the practice of PE during the pregnancy. Conclusion Despite understanding the need for HH during pregnancy, women still need encouragement to practice PE during pregnancy, as well as more information about GWG.