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Purpose: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of forced eyelid closure test (FECT), ice pack test (IPT), repetitive nerve stimulation test (RNS), and acetylcholine receptor (AchR) antibody test in patients with suspected ocular myasthenia. To assess the clinical utility of AchR antibody test in predicting disease progression.Methods: Retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with ocular myasthenia at a South-Indian neuro-ophthalmology tertiary eye clinic. Baseline characteristics; ocular myasthenia symptoms; results of FECT, IPT, RNS, and AchR antibody test; and progression time to generalized myasthenia (GM) over 36 months from the time of diagnosis were recorded and analyzed using receiver operator curve analysis, multiple logistic regression, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.Results: FECT had a sensitivity of 96.7% (95% CI: 88.5-99.6) and a specificity of 75% (95% CI: 34.9-96.8). Combination of FECT and IPT, using the positivity of at least one test, increased the sensitivity to 98.3% (95% CI: 91-100), reducing the specificity to 50% (95% CI: 15.7-84.3), whereas using the positivity of both tests, we obtained a sensitivity of 71.7% (95% CI: 58.6-82.5) and a specificity of 100% (95% CI: 63.1-100). In the subset of patients with double negative RNS and AchR antibodies, the positive predictive value of combined FECT and IPT (double positive) was 100%. Patients who developed GM were more likely to have a positive AchR antibody test result (P = 0.001).Conclusion: Combined FECT and IPT (double positive) has high diagnostic accuracy even among patients with normal RNS and negative AchR antibodies. Despite low sensitivity, AchR-antibody test has a significant predictive value in disease progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a rare case of dilated episcleral veins with unilateral secondary open-angle glaucoma. Our case highlights the possible differentials to be considered and the systematic investigations to be done while ruling out the etiologies. Radius-Maumenee syndrome is a diagnosis of exclusion. Raised IOP can remain refractory to the medical therapy and conventional trabeculectomy carries higher risk of complications. Here, we discuss the choice of surgical treatment and its implications on management of this secondary open-angle glaucoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 20-year-old male who suffered penetrating ocular trauma from a gunshot injury, presented with severe pain, loss of vision and swelling in his left eye. It mentions Ultrasound B-scan revealed vitreous haemorrhage, retinal detachment and optic nerve avulsion and also mentions sympathetic ophthalmitis (SO), as a rare bilateral, diffuse, granulomatous hypersensitivity inflammation.

The article presents a case study of a 45-year old male patient with left eye redness, progressive headache, double vision, and tinnitus. It notes he gave a history of head injury one month previously when he fell from his two wheel scooter and hit his head against a pavement. The article discusses carotico-cavernous fistula caused by head injury.

The article presents the medical case of a 45-year-old man with chronic cough and defective right eye vision, with optic disc granuloma with retinal edema and diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. The patient underwent standard 4-drug antitubercular therapy and oral prednisolone, which resolved disc granuloma on follow-up, with ocular famage and reactive tissue inflammation as a result of the infection.

The article presents case study of a 50-year-old man who was diagnosed with ocular cysticercosis. It mentions that the diagnosis was based on clinical finding of a well-defined smooth-walled retinal cyst inferior to the optic disc with a dense white center suggestive of cystecercosis scolex. It mentions information on observation of extra-ocular and intracranial cysts through computerised tomographic scan.

Due to its potential impact on food safety and human health, commercial species that have been contaminated with microplastics (MPs) are drawing more attention on a global scale. This study investigated the possibility of MPs contamination in different marine fish species with substantial commercial value that was captured off the south coast of India, from Adyar and Ennore regions. Over the course of six months, from October 2019 to March 2020, 220 fish were examined. It was discovered that the gills and guts had accumulated more numbers of MPs (1115 MPs) of which 68% were fibres and fragments. The commercial fish samples contained an average of 3.2–7.6 MPs per fish. Greater MPs pollution is seen in the Ennore regions. The prevalence of MPs was observed in carnivorous and planktivorous fish collected from both the sites. Fish guts contained the most MPs, according to the data. Pelagic fish accounted for the least amount of MPs, followed by mid- and demersal fish. Four different types of polymers were also identified in the present study: polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and polyamide. These results clearly showed the degree of microplastic contamination in fish tissues from the south Indian coastal regions of Adyar and Ennore. These results we hope will create a baseline data for MPs contamination in commercial fish species. The presence of MPs in the fish could have detrimental effects both on the environment and human health and thus comprehensive steps are required to prevent plastic pollution of the environment in south India's coastal region. [Display omitted] • Commercial fish species from southeast coast of India contained microplastics. • Total of 220 fish belonging to 17 species contained 1115 microplastics. • Polyethylene microplastics was the most abundant type found. • Fibre microplastics more in gills and transparent fragment microplastics in gut. • Unique study provides baseline data for microplastics contamination in commercial fish in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]