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122 randomly selected Vrindavani cattle were studied to detect polymorphism in four fragments of theCatSper2gene that were comprised of exon 2, 4, 5, and 6 with flanking regions. Using PCR-SSCP and sequencing analysis, three SNPs (T157C, C273A, and A274C) in the first fragment, one SNP (C30G) in the second fragment, and two SNPs (T86G and T292C) in the fourth fragment were identified. The third fragment did not reveal any polymorphism. The SNPs were used for construction of haplotypes and three haplotypes were found. The least square analysis of variance revealed a significant (P < 0.01) effect of haplotype on all three motility parameters. The haplotype II and III were nonsignificantly different from each other while being significantly (P < 0.01) different from haplotype I. The nonsignificant difference of haplotype II with III can lead to a hypothesis that T>G or C>T SNPs may not play a role in sperm motility. However, when the comparison was made between haplotype I and II, it can be inferred that C>T SNP may have a role in sperm motility, as haplotype II has better motility parameters. Expression profiling ofCatper2gene revealed nonsignificant down regulation ofCatSper2gene in poor motility sperm compared to good motility sperm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was taken up to find out Beta 2 Microglobulin (β2M) gene variants and their association with IgG concentrations in colostrum of Murrah buffaloes. 40 newly parturated Murrah buffaloes dams were included in the present study. Polymerase chain reaction- single stranded conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) technique was used to explore the polymorphism in β2M gene of buffaloes. The PCR-SSCP analysis and sequencing of different patterns obtained by silver staining of fragments pertaining to exon 1 through 4 and partial introns 1 through 3, revealed 9 SNPs which were further used to prepare the haplotypes. 7 different haplotypes were observed. Indirect ELISA was done to estimate IgG concentrations in colostrum (collected 1 hour before first milking) obtained from buffaloes. IgG levels in colostrum ranged from 11.22 to 185.1 mg/ml with a mean IgG concentration of 51.71 ± 5.99 mg/ml. The effect of different haplotypes was evaluated on IgG concentrations. The least square analysis of variance could not exhibit a significant effect of buffalo dam haplotype on colostral IgG concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was taken up to find out SNPs in Beta 2 Microglobulin (β2M) gene and their possible association with serum IgG concentrations of newborn buffalo calves. Forty newborn Murrah buffaloes calves were included in the present study. Polymerase chain reaction-single stranded conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) technique was used to explore the polymorphism in β2M gene of the buffalo calves. The PCR-SSCP analysis and sequencing of different patterns obtained by silver staining of various exonic and intronic fragments revealed nine SNPs. All the identified SNPs were used to prepare the haplotypes for the calves. Fourteen different haplotypes were observed. Indirect ELISA was done to estimate IgG concentrations in serum samples of the calves. IgG levels in calf serum ranged from 0.25 to 14.88 mg/ml and mean IgG concentration in serum was estimated as 11.68 ± 0.75 mg/ml. The least square analysis of variance could not exhibit a significant effect of calf haplotype on serum IgG concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a study regarding sequence variability and polymorphism in CatSper1 gene of Vrindavani cattle's exon 5 to search for DNA markers that can be developed to enhance crossbred cattle's sperm motility. It states that 100 Vrindavani crossbred cattle at the Indian Veterinary Research Institute in Izatnagar, India served as subjects of the study. Results of the nucleotide sequence analysis show the existence of one nucleotide variation in zebu cattle in exon 5.