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Biomaterials like chitosan, hydroxyapatite have been used in biomedical and pharmaceutical field, due to its valuable biochemical and physiological properties. In current work firstly our group has isolated a polysaccharide chitosan along with hydroxyapatite biomaterial from the same source by varying the process condition via greener approach. We have adapted greener approach for the isolation of chitosan within a short period of time and this is the very first report for the isolation of both chitosan and hydroxyapatite simultaneously from the same waste edible garden snail shells. Both these materials were thoroughly characterized by using UV, FT-IR, SEM techniques. Among synthetic colourants, congo red dye is recognized as carcinogens, which are usually used in the textile manufacturing. Interestingly, one of our biomaterial hydroxyapatite has shown good selectivity towards Congo red dye. The sensitivity range was obtained from 10 to 100 μM within the LOD of 101.52 nM. The developed sensor has been tested for various industrial effluents and shown good agreement with our results. Meanwhile these chitosan and hydroxyapatite have also been used as capping agent for the preparation of stable gold nanoparticles., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

As an important biomarker for renal related diseases, detection of urea is playing a vital role in human biofluids on clinical diagnosis concern. In this work, a synthetic salicyaldehyde based imine fluorophore was synthesized using sonication method and conjugated with urease which was used as fluorescent biosensor for the detection of urea in serum samples. This enzyme based biosensor has shown a good selectivity and sensitivity towards urea with the linear range from 2 to 80 mM and the detection limit of 73 µM. The sensing response obtain is highly agreeing with existing analytical technique for urea detection which strongly recommends this biosensor for clinical application., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Capsaicin is a major pungent capsaicinoids in chili pepper and it causes duodenal, liver, stomach and gastric cancer in human. Hence, the detection of capsaicinoids becomes important on health issues concern. Here we are reporting, the first organic molecule based fluorimetric sensor for capsaicin detection using simple fluorophore 4-3-(pyren-2-yl-acryloyl) phenyboronic acid (PAPA), which was synthesized via greener microwave method. The probe has detected the capsaicin selectively in presence of other biomolecules in human biofluids through the intramolecular charge transfer mechanism and supported with DFT studies. The sensor has shown an excellent response towards capsaicin from 2 to 40 µM and the limit of detection of 12.84 nM. Real time analysis was done in various food matrices having capsaicinoids and the results have clearly shown good agreement with our optimized data and it also evinced that the developed sensor can be applied to detect the level of pungency of capsaicinoids., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

We currently reporting a simple and first label free optical insulin biosensor using a novel cum naturally existing Chromene mimic receptors via one pot greener methodology. Among synthesized 4H- Chromene derivatives, 2-amino-5,7-dihydroxy-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile (Compound 1c) is showed a very good colorimetric response for insulin within the linear range of 20 fM -500 pM along with theoretically measured LOD of 15.38 fM based on the increment in absorbance. Meanwhile 2-amino-5, 7-dihydroxy-4-(pyren-2-yl)-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile (Compound 1a) is depicted an excellent quenching in fluorescence response for insulin with LOD of 7.07 fM and along with wide working range from 10 fM -600 pM. The developed biosensor is tested for the detection of insulin in human blood serum using direct as well as standard addition method and the recovery results are showed a very good agreement with standard clinical chemiluminescent assay method. Hence, this developed biosensor is more reliable for clinical detection of Insulin and so a good analytical method for Diabetes diagnosis within a short period of time., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)