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2. Unethical Practices within Medical Research and Publication -- An Exploratory Study

Author

Sivasubramaniam, S. D., Cosentino, M., Ribeiro, L., and Marino, F.

Abstract

The data produced by the scientific community impacts on academia, clinicians, and the general public; therefore, the scientific community and other regulatory bodies have been focussing on ethical codes of conduct. Despite the measures taken by several research councils, unethical research, publishing and/or reviewing behaviours still take place. This exploratory study considers some of the current unethical practices and the reasons behind them and explores the ways to discourage these within research and other professional disciplinary bodies. These interviews/discussions with PhD students, technicians, and academics/principal investigators (PIs) (N=110) were conducted mostly in European higher education institutions including UK, Italy, Ireland, Portugal, Czech Republic and Netherlands. Through collegiate discussions, sharing experiences and by examining previously published/reported information, authors have identified several less reported behaviours. Some of these practices are mainly influenced either by the undue institutional expectations of research esteem or by changes in the journal review process. These malpractices can be divided in two categories relating to (a) methodological malpractices including data management, and (b) those that contravene publishing ethics. The former is mostly related to "committed bias", by which the author selectively uses the data to suit their own hypothesis, methodological malpractice relates to selection of outdated protocols that are not suited to the intended work. Although these are usually unintentional, incidences of intentional manipulations have been reported to authors of this study. For example, carrying out investigations without positive (or negative) controls; but including these from a previous study. Other methodological malpractices include unfair repetitions to gain statistical significance, or retrospective ethical approvals. In contrast, the publication related malpractices such as authorship malpractices, ethical clearance irregularities have also been reported. The findings also suggest a globalised approach with clear punitive measures for offenders is needed to tackle this problem.

Published
2021
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4. Monoamine oxidase expression in non-CNS tissues and pregnancy-induced hypertension

Author

Sivasubramaniam, S. D.

Subjects
618, Pre-eclampsia
Abstract

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is an outer mitochondrial membrane bound enzyme responsible for the oxidative deamination of a wide variety of biogenic and xenobiotic amines. Altered MAO activity has been reported in a number of medical and psychiatric disorders. Although the tissue distribution of these enzymes has been extensively studied, the localization of MAO proteins and mRNAs at the cellular level in peripheral tissues, including placenta, has not been fully established. In addition the status of placental MAO in pre-eclampsia - a severe disorder of pregnancy has not been fully studied, despite evidence of increased levels of circulating serotonin. This study investigated (a) the distribution of monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A and -B mRNAs and proteins in human peripheral tissues, by in situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry, respectively, and (b) compared MAO activity, MAO protein and MAO specific mRNA in normotensive and preeclamptic individuals. For the latter, quantitative analyses involving ELISAs and RT-PCR were also conducted. MAO-A and -B mRNAs and proteins were detected in all peripheral tissues, but to differing extents, with similar, strong labelling in kidney glomeruli, duodenal crypts and muscularis mucosae and hepatocytes. However the expression of MAO mRNA does not always reflect protein expression. For example moderate labelling of MAO-A and B specific mRNAs was detected in blood vessels whereas the expression of respective MAO proteins was very low. In contrast, cardiomyocytes showed a moderate labelling for both MAO proteins, but a very weak staining for respective mRNAs. In normotensive placenta both MAO-A and -B specific mRNAs were detected, mainly in the syncytiotrophoblastic layers. The immunohistochemical analysis located only MAO-A protein in these layers. No MAO-B protein was detected in this placental layer, despite the presence ofMAO-8 mRNA. Likewise MAO-A protein was located in the cytoplasm ofthe pre-eclamptic placentae, consistent with a mitochondrial location; no MAO-A protein was found in the nucleus. The results indicate that there was no statistical difference in the expression of MAO-A mRNA in relation to GAPDH or B-actin mRNA or in MAO-A protein/mg total protein. However, MAO-A activity/g fresh weight and the catalytic turnover (activity/molecule) were significantly reduced [77% and 59% reductions, respectively (P< 0.05)], in pre-eclamptic placentae. This study has therefore clearly shown that the expression of placental MAO-A specific mRNA and MAO-A protein are not specifically affected in pre-eclampsia, but that the catalytic efficiency of the expressed MAO-A enzyme in pre-eclamptic placentae is greatly reduced.

Published
2002

12. Scientists Against War: A Plea to World Leaders for Better Governance

Author

Pandi-Perumal, SR, Kumar, VM, Pandian, NG, de Jong, JT, Andiappan, S, Corlateanu, A, Mahalaksmi, AM, Chidambaram, SB, Kumar, RR, Ramasubramanian, C, Sivasubramaniam, S, Bjørkum, AA, Cutajar, JA, Berk, Michael, Trakht, I, Vrdoljak, A, Meira e Cruz, M, Eyre, Harris, Grønli, J, Cardinali, DP, Maercker, A, van de Put, WACM, Guzder, J, Bjorvatn, B, Tol, WA, Acuña-Castroviejo, D, Meudec, M, Morin, CM, Partinen, M, Barbui, C, Jordans, MJD, Braakman, MH, Knaevelsrud, C, Pallesen, S, Sijbrandij, M, Golombek, DA, Espie, CA, Cuijpers, P, Agudelo, HAM, van der Velden, K, van der Kolk, BA, Hobfoll, SE, Devillé, WLJM, Gradisar, M, Riemann, D, Axelsson, J, Benítez-King, G, Macy, RD, Poberezhets, V, Hoole, SRH, Murthy, RS, Hegemann, T, Heinz, A, Salvage, J, McFarlane, AC, Keukens, R, de Silva, H, Oestereich, C, Wilhelm, J, von Cranach, M, Hoffmann, K, Klosinski, M, Bhugra, D, Seeman, MV, Pandi-Perumal, SR, Kumar, VM, Pandian, NG, de Jong, JT, Andiappan, S, Corlateanu, A, Mahalaksmi, AM, Chidambaram, SB, Kumar, RR, Ramasubramanian, C, Sivasubramaniam, S, Bjørkum, AA, Cutajar, JA, Berk, Michael, Trakht, I, Vrdoljak, A, Meira e Cruz, M, Eyre, Harris, Grønli, J, Cardinali, DP, Maercker, A, van de Put, WACM, Guzder, J, Bjorvatn, B, Tol, WA, Acuña-Castroviejo, D, Meudec, M, Morin, CM, Partinen, M, Barbui, C, Jordans, MJD, Braakman, MH, Knaevelsrud, C, Pallesen, S, Sijbrandij, M, Golombek, DA, Espie, CA, Cuijpers, P, Agudelo, HAM, van der Velden, K, van der Kolk, BA, Hobfoll, SE, Devillé, WLJM, Gradisar, M, Riemann, D, Axelsson, J, Benítez-King, G, Macy, RD, Poberezhets, V, Hoole, SRH, Murthy, RS, Hegemann, T, Heinz, A, Salvage, J, McFarlane, AC, Keukens, R, de Silva, H, Oestereich, C, Wilhelm, J, von Cranach, M, Hoffmann, K, Klosinski, M, Bhugra, D, and Seeman, MV

Published
2022

13. Scientists Against War: A Plea to World Leaders for Better Governance

Author

Pandi-Perumal, S.R., Kumar, V.M., Pandian, N.G., Jong, J.T.V.M. de, Andiappan, S., Corlateanu, A., Mahalaksmi, A.M., Chidambaram, S.B., Kumar, R.R., Ramasubramanian, C., Sivasubramaniam, S., Bjørkum, A.A., Cutajar, J., Berk, M., Trakht, I., Vrdoljak, A., Meira, E.C.M., Eyre, H.A., Grønli, J., Cardinali, D.P., Maercker, A., Put, W. van de, Guzder, J., Bjorvatn, B., Tol, W.A., Acuña-Castroviejo, D., Meudec, M., Morin, C.M., Partinen, M., Barbui, C., Jordans, M.J.D., Braakman, M.H., Knaevelsrud, C., Pallesen, S., Sijbrandij, M., Golombek, D.A., Espie, C.A., Cuijpers, P., Agudelo, H.A.M., Velden, K. van der, Kolk, B.A. van der, Hobfoll, S.E., Devillé, W., Gradisar, M., Riemann, D., Axelsson, J., Benítez-King, G., Macy, R.D., Poberezhets, V., Hoole, S.R.H., Murthy, R.S., Hegemann, T., Heinz, A., Salvage, J., McFarlane, A.C., Keukens, R., Silva, H. de, Oestereich, C., Wilhelm, J., Cranach, M. von, Hoffmann, K., Klosinski, M., Bhugra, D., Seeman, M.V., Pandi-Perumal, S.R., Kumar, V.M., Pandian, N.G., Jong, J.T.V.M. de, Andiappan, S., Corlateanu, A., Mahalaksmi, A.M., Chidambaram, S.B., Kumar, R.R., Ramasubramanian, C., Sivasubramaniam, S., Bjørkum, A.A., Cutajar, J., Berk, M., Trakht, I., Vrdoljak, A., Meira, E.C.M., Eyre, H.A., Grønli, J., Cardinali, D.P., Maercker, A., Put, W. van de, Guzder, J., Bjorvatn, B., Tol, W.A., Acuña-Castroviejo, D., Meudec, M., Morin, C.M., Partinen, M., Barbui, C., Jordans, M.J.D., Braakman, M.H., Knaevelsrud, C., Pallesen, S., Sijbrandij, M., Golombek, D.A., Espie, C.A., Cuijpers, P., Agudelo, H.A.M., Velden, K. van der, Kolk, B.A. van der, Hobfoll, S.E., Devillé, W., Gradisar, M., Riemann, D., Axelsson, J., Benítez-King, G., Macy, R.D., Poberezhets, V., Hoole, S.R.H., Murthy, R.S., Hegemann, T., Heinz, A., Salvage, J., McFarlane, A.C., Keukens, R., Silva, H. de, Oestereich, C., Wilhelm, J., Cranach, M. von, Hoffmann, K., Klosinski, M., Bhugra, D., and Seeman, M.V.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext

Published
2022

14. Using lessons from a comparative study of chemistry & bioscience pre-lab activities to design effective pre-lab interventions : a case study

Author

Rayment, S. J., Evans, J., Moss, K., Coffey, M., Kirk, S. H., and Sivasubramaniam, S. D.

Abstract

ABSTRACTLaboratory classes form an important aspect of bioscience education. However, this environment is challenging for students due to cognitive load and lack of confidence. Familiarising students with aspects of their laboratory classes prior to the session can improve this. This study compares the pre-laboratory scaffolding that bioscience and chemistry students experience across UK HE institutions. Typically, bioscience modules used fewer types of activities than chemistry although reading the protocol was the most common activity for both disciplines. Within bioscience, pre-laboratory activities differed by level: first year undergraduates were more likely to be asked to read the protocol, watch videos or do calculation practice in their modules whereas final year undergraduates were more likely to experience experimental design or contextualised activities. Alongside this, this paper discusses an institutional case study of the development and evaluation of technical laboratory videos as pre-laboratory scaffolding for first year students. These were found to benefit both student focus and enhance confidence: implying that using the videos impacted on cognitive load and hence learning. Exploring barriers to the uptake of these resources identified a lack of awareness of them as a major factor, suggesting that greater integration of such resources would enhance engagement and impact.

Published
2023
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15. Severe focal stromal degeneration up to Descemet membrane after corneal collagen cross-linking

Author

Prabhakar, G., Panickar, N., Reddy, J., Sivasubramaniam, S., and Singh, A.

Subjects
Collagen -- Physiological aspects, Keratoconus, Health
Abstract

Byline: G. Prabhakar, N. Panickar, J. Reddy, S. Sivasubramaniam, A. Singh Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) is an effective treatment for arresting progression in keratoconus cases. It is considered safe despite [...]

Published
2020

18. Impact of postoperative non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on adverse events after gastrointestinal surgery

Author

Chapman, S. J., Glasbey, J., Kelly, M., Khatri, C., Nepogodiev, D., Fitzgerald, J. E. F., Bhangu, A., Harrison, E. M., Adams, R., Patel, K., Retchless, A. R., Elsaddig, M., Curtis, A. E., McMahon, R., Mittapalli, D., Ferguson, L. A., Gentry, S. V., Kong, C. Y. N., Naqvi, Z., Amin, H., Chaudhry, B., Burke, J., Henderson, I., Trecarten, S., Clements, J. M., Drake, T. M., Wild, J. R. L., Venkatesh, H., Butters, N., Ahmeidat, H., Goergen, N., Black, D., Robertson, K., Jama, G. M., McGuire, S. A., Ahl, R., Suri, T. S., Kuo, R., Fadhlillah, M., Mills, H., Mitchell, R., Goodship, J., Tan, M., Barker, T., Wright, T., Mohamad, W., Hanna, N., Laing, G., Warnock, M. W. C., Baird-Fraser, P. R., Logan, T., Young, F. M., Fane De Salis, A. C., McHugh, R., Hickson, C., Paszkiewicz, J., Anderson, L. B., Neeson, D., Mohan, M., Narang, Y., Brophy, T., Punj, R., Majumdar, S., Kauser, S., Jong, G., Palkhi, E., Finch, D., Mitchell, H., Carter, N., Viyasar, T., Sammut, T., Cook, N., Powell, M. M., Horne, S., Allen, J. L. Y., Marshall, D., McIntyre, C., S Koh, D. T., Shi, J., Reid, T., Armugam, N. P., Luck, J., Fozard, T., OʼCallaghan, J., Copley, P. C., Tilliriou, V., Aiyer, R., Yazdi, A., Wiltshire, A., Blower, E., Jewitt, C., Cheung, L. K., Fourali, S., Rahimi, Y., Velho, R., Taylor, C., Satterthwaite, L., Eze, N. V., Johnston, J. P. M., McCain, R. S., Hess, E. C. F., Thumbadoo, R. P., Turner, E. J. H., Wookey, R., Morris, R., Gasteratos, K., Heywood, E., Simpson, S. J., Rai, Z., Kazzazi, D., Ducey, J., Livesey, M. J., Finan, C., Staunton, E., Haddad, S. D., Karanjia, R., Bokobza, I., Ahmed, M., Howell, J., Grainger, C., Woo, A., McDowall, M., Bulley, F., Keating, R., Tan, B., Sng, S., Brown, C., Aidoo-Micah, G., Champsi, A., Ellis, R., Darwazeh, S., Polson, R., Chan, J. Z., Chong, B. F. H. K., Park, J. H., Kong, C. Y., Mogan, Y. P., Stevens, S., Sekhon, H. K., McIntosh, R., Ochiltree, D. W., Jamieson, P. D., Naumann, D. N., Bowley, D. M., Howell, G., Clark, T., Dear, K., James, L., Upchurch, E., Wilson, H., Hughes, M., Modayur, S. M., Datta, U., Chen, J. H. C., Williams, L. J. L., Selby, J., Prabhudesai, A., Mahomed, K., Shah, H. A., Kong, K., Chandramoorthy, S., Marshall, L., De Kauwe, C., Rana, R., Patel, J., Pezas, T., Ma, J., Stohlner, V., Kinsella, M. S., Gardiner, S. N., Smith, R. A., Glover, M., Akinfala, M., Lee, J. Z. C., Aggarwal, V., Waters, S., Atif, M., Hill, M., Ramasubramoni, A., Jaffry, Z., Sagoo, H., Jeyakumar, J., Kosasih, S., Davis, J., Stanley, G. H. M., Nijran, J., Tang, I., Mehta, K., Fillery, A., Watson, N. F., Shah, D., Naidu, S., Grewal, T. K., Singh, P., Reissis, D., Marusza, C., Pettit, W., Timbrell, S., Woods, R., Phillips, J., Vaughan, R., Dean, S., Gibby, R., Jones, T. F., Rao, R., Torrance, H. D. T., Thirumal, V., McMahon, R. K., Yap, D., Shaw, A., Claireaux, H. A., Pang, Y. L., Narramore, R., Holmes, C., Caldwell, A., Daoub, A., Bibby, L., Hague, A. G., Sykes, M. C., Morar, P., Downes, G., Shah, S., Walimohamed, S., Alsulaimi, A., Biswas, V., Gnaneswaran, B., Davies, N., Narwani, V., Hernon, J., Jumbu, A., Ilyas, M., Johal, G., Atia, F., Williams, A., Chan, C., McAnelly, S., Evans, A., Chan, K. Y., Flegg, K., Carter, S., Coley, J., Khaw, R., Jayakody, N., Jones, B., Fawcett, N., Ghali, C., Jalundhwala, K., Ariyaratnam, P., Colville, H., Walls, M., Lindsay, J., Keane, M., Ban, V. S., Kambasha, C., Sait, S., Tahir, M., Tharakan, R., Voll, J., Shiwani, H., Al-Omran, Y., Hawash, A., McCaughan, V., Shatkar, V., Gohil, K., Greenhalgh, A., Higgins, E., Moody, T., Booth, M. B., Chan, W. H., Shanthakumaran, S., Maple, N., McNish, D., Shahin, B., Nicholas, J., McDermid, R., Narayan, P., Brodie, C., Hurrey, S., Panayi, V., Turner, B., Kopala, K., Winfield, Clayton S. A., Mohamud, A., Venkatesh, A., Hosein, S., Olimpio, C., Gkiousias, V., Kilgour, J. M., Cogbill, E., Ramcham, M., Carr, G., Bannerman, A., Grundy, L., White, S., Beamish, A., Neo, Y. N., Cragg, A. R., Perkins, A., Wynn-Hebden, A., Khan, T., Ali, M., Battersby, C. L. F., Pinto, R. S., Poon, S. S., Patel, M., Patel, P., Shafi, A. M. A., Vedage, D., Ghorbhanian, S., Klimach, S., Bradley, J., de Sausmarez, E., Hayward, P., Naqib, S., Flanigan, C., Shuttleworth, R. H. A., McElvanna, K., Shelton, B., Westbrook, N., Weir, A., Webb, P., Alam, M., Bhanderi, S., Roberts, C., Al-Shakarchi, J., Lu, M., Harvey, J., Chowdhury, M. U., McGow, C., Antoniou, I., Good, D. F., Gerasimova, N., Eragat, M., Pressler, N., Santos, C. R. D., Arshad, W., Patel, H. R., Kassim, Y., Jayaratne, N., Perera, A., Chandramoorthy, L., Quan, V., Ponweera, A., Tadjkarimi, J., Moyes, L., Metcalfe, C., Napier-Hemy, T, Bull, A., Jaffer, Y., Mushtaq, J., Warren, M., Jarrar, Z., Wickenden, R., Kang, M., Holohan, G., Isbister, T., Strachan, E., Varma, R., Simpson, R., Rajasekar, N., Panayiotou, H., Walsh, E., Thacoor, A., Willson, J. M. H., Mustafa, A., Barai, I., Menon, A., Soon, W. C., Thakrar, C., McCurdie, S., Carr, E. C. F., Westwood, K. J., Wardell, H., Weinberg, D., Craig, A. R. J., Khan, F. A. S., Mulla, A., Dann, P., Saleh, M., Pignatelli, I. C., Igbagiri, K. V., Panagoulas, E. V., Tilston, T. W., Thayaparan, A. J., Navaratnam, J., Aryasomayajula, S., Joji, N., Screen, R., Quinn, C., Harrison, R., Arnaout, A., McCartan, N., Allen, W., Gabriel, R., Hartelius, C. F., Makinde, M. L., Sivasubramaniam, S., Spreadborough, P., Lobo, R., Surendran, H., Couch, L., Butters, T., Beale, K., Markiewicz, O., Kennedy, E. D., Neely, D. M., Martin, A., Al-Moasseb, Z. H., Ong, K. K., Letchumanan, S., Lam, W. L., Yapp, L., Skelly, B. L., Stallard, S., Westhuizen, P. V. D., Rafferty, A. R., Lambert, A., Tay, Y. Z., Koshnow, Z., Elamin, O., Shah, A., Kim, E., English, W., Farrell, A., Sharma, J., Rowan, Chudek. D. K., Mullan, B., Brown, R. J., McCarter, J. A., Johnston, D., Symonds, C., Gatfield, W., Messenger, D., Knox, J. D., Jani, P., Trinquet, J., Naqvi, Z. B., Hussain, K., Jaffer, A., McAleer, E., Joshi, H., Cecil, E., Lochrane, A., Woolley, T., Marriott, P., Bolton, W., Balian, V., Scott, A. J., and Tan, Y. H.

Published
2014
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26. Nerve block site marking

Author

Pollard, R., primary, Higham, H., additional, Quinlan, J., additional, Webster, R., additional, Lie, J., additional, and Sivasubramaniam, S., additional

Published
2018
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31. Poverty and Blindness in Nigeria: Results from the National Survey of Blindness and Visual Impairment

Author

Tafida, A, Kyari, F, Abdull, MM, Sivasubramaniam, S, Murthy, GVS, Kana, I, Gilbert, Clare E, and Nigeria National Survey of Blindness and Visual Impairment Study

Subjects
genetic structures, eye diseases
Abstract

PURPOSE: Poverty can be a cause and consequence of blindness. Some causes only affect the poorest communities (e.g. trachoma), and poor individuals are less likely to access services. In low income countries, cataract blind adults have been shown to be less economically active, indicating that blindness can exacerbate poverty. This study aims to explore associations between poverty and blindness using national survey data from Nigeria. METHODS: Participants ≥40 years were examined in 305 clusters (2005-2007). Sociodemographic information, including literacy and occupation, was obtained by interview. Presenting visual acuity (PVA) was assessed using a reduced tumbling E LogMAR chart. Full ocular examination was undertaken by experienced ophthalmologists on all with PVA

Published
2015

32. Influence of size grading on physiological parameters in Tephrosia (Tephrosia purpurea) MDU (KO)-1

Author

Sivasubramaniam, S., Ambika, S., Vetrivel, M., Sivasubramaniam, S., Ambika, S., and Vetrivel, M.

Abstract

Seed grading is an important practice for better crop establishment and to improve efficiency of planting ratio in field and also useful in separation of quality seed in a seed lot. The influence of seed size on physiological and biochemical seed quality characters were evaluated in Tephrosia seeds using seeds retained on 5.5/64?, 6/64? and 7/64? sieves along with control. The estimations revealed that larger size seeds retained on 7/64" sieves recorded the maximum recovery (64 %), 100 seed weight (2.0 g), speed of germination (14.1) germination ( 86 %), root length (8.5 cm), shoot length (11.0 cm), dry matter production (15.92 mg seedlings-10), vigour index (1677) and protein (10.56 %) compared to BSS 5.5 / 64'', BSS 6 / 64'' and ungraded seeds.

Published
2017

33. Dexamethasone versus standard treatment for postoperative nausea and vomiting in gastrointestinal surgery: randomised controlled trial (DREAMS Trial)

Author

Ravikumar, R., Bartlett, D., Morton, D., Berkman, L., Bodenham-Chilton, H., Deeks, J. J., Handley, K., Magill, L., Hamilton, E., Hepburn, E., Hwang, M-J, Mirza, N., Wilkey, A., Magill, M. le Breuilly L., Wilcockson, A., Mehta, S., Burtenshaw, A., Hawkins, W., Voysey, M., Blazeby, J., Smith, I., Stocken, D., Abbott, S., Hwang, M., Karim, A., Luke, D. P., McArthur, D., Mistry, P., Richardson, J., Youssef, H., Ravi, K., Goodfellow, P. B., Gupta, R., Joy, H., Eardley, N., McFaul, C., Vimalachandran, D., Harmston, C., Froggatt, P., Krishnan, P., Pathare, S., Shanmugam, V., Yiannakou, Y. J., Fawole, A., Macklin, C., Mcenhill, J., Narula, H., Riad, T., Rose, A., Chambers, J., Ekere, C., Hough, M., Hull, J., Knight, H. P., Lamparelli, M. J., Lewis, M., Pulletz, M., Siddiqi, N., Stubbs, B., Subramanian, K., Swanton, R., Costigan, S., O'Connell, G., Patel, P. K., Ali, A., Ang, C., Chapman, M. A. S., Shariff, U., Thompson, C., Yates, A. Williamson J., Leinhardt, D. J., Simenacz, M., Harris, S., Loveless, P., Mohsen, Y., Myers, A., Prabhudesai, A., Vanagov, S., Aryal, K., Lal, R., Millican, D., Panagiotopopoulou, I., Shankar, K., Dube, M., Tansley, J., Hill, J., Addison, S., Church, R., Nath, J., Valap, S., Dhrampal, A., Nortje, J., Payne, J., Sargen, K., Speakman, C., Deloughry, J., Elkington, T., Dennis, R., Ghosh, S., Martin, J., Stoker, M., Akerman, N., Basheer, M., Drury, N., Parchment-Smith, C., Sandhu, R., Srinivasa, R., Varma, S., Walwyn, S., Syed, N., Bromilow, J., Colling, P., Reschreiter, H., Senapati, A., Howse, F., Tzouliadis, L., Bach, S., Brookes, A., Cagigas, C., Dimitriou, N., Fallis, S., Futaba, K., Hill, A., Izbal, A., Leong, K., Manji, M., Milns, P., Murray, A., Nicol, D., Pinkney, T., Ramcharam, S., Royle, T. J., Scarpinata, R., Smart, C., Smart, S., Suggett, N., Sutherland, S., Tam, Y. H. M., Torrance, A., Wall, M., Vakis, S., Bassuini, M., Garner, J., Maz, S., Mottahedeh, M., Smith, M., Withers, M., Krishnamourthy, R., Paraoan, M., Thomas, P., Chesshire, N., Davies, S., Gold, S., Hamzah, I., Hurst, N., Khoo, C. K., Kiani, S., Liptrot, S., Lund, J., Millard, C., Morris, C., Reynolds, J. R., Selvaraj, I., Simpson, A., Speake, W., Tou, S., Chambers, W., Gee, A. S., Grice, A., Johnston, D., Miller, Q., Pittman, J., Price, D., Telford, R., Barrow, E., Coldwell, C., Crighton, I., Raymond, T., Richmond, S., Cheetham, M., Kulemeka, G., Carraretto, M., Huddart, S., Kirk-Bayley, J., Moor, D., Scott, M., Asif, M., Awan, R., Bethune, R., Chadwick, M., Cook, T., Courtney, E., Dalton, S., Lim, A., Williamson, M. E. R., Wood, J., Scott, R., Branagan, G., Bellin, J., Browning, D., Bulso, V., Carter, N., Cruikshank, N., Gill, K., Hulme, N., Leno, E., Newbould, D., Thumbe, V., Sankar, K., Sivasubramaniam, S., Wakhle, R., Walton, R., Zulueta, L., Ahmad, S. M., Kaur, G., Longbottom, D., Nnaji, M., Ramamoorthy, A., Thomas, J., Botteril, I., Miskovic, D., Sagar, P. M., Bhuptani, S., Kennedy, R., Jenkins, I., Littler, S., Arnold, G., Buchanan, G., Con, A., Dawson, P., Lawrie, S., Lowe, J., Malhotra, S., Paraskeva, P., Richards, S., Sidhu, V., Ziprin, P., Kruchek, D., Kuttler, A., Mohammad, K., Nasser, T., Rehman, H., Siddiqui, K., Siddiqui, A., Sindhu, Q., Soliman, M., Solkar, M., Thota, S., Renehan, A., Selvasekar, C., Melsom, H., Agarwal, A. K., Borowski, D., Brohi, F., Garg, D., Gill, T., Mahadevan, V., Sharma, A., Tabaqchali, M. A., Alce, T., Navapurkar, A., Page, V., Stambach, T., Capozzi, P., Coe, P., Conroy, P., Duff, S., Grey, T., Hill, O., Nicholson, J., Nolan, D., Pollard, J., Ramesh, A., Sabar, M., Telford, K., Davies, D., Wilson, J., and Yates, D.

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Treatment outcome, Dexamethasone, law.invention, Eating, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Double-Blind Method, Randomized controlled trial, Preanesthetic Medication, 030202 anesthesiology, law, medicine, Humans, Postoperative Period, 030212 general & internal medicine, Young adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Research, Standard treatment, Recovery of Function, General Medicine, Length of Stay, Middle Aged, Surgery, Intestines, Treatment Outcome, Multicenter study, Anesthesia, Injections, Intravenous, Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting, Antiemetics, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Postoperative nausea and vomiting, medicine.drug
Abstract

Objectives To determine whether preoperative dexamethasone reduces postoperative vomiting in patients undergoing elective bowel surgery and whether it is associated with other measurable benefits during recovery from surgery, including quicker return to oral diet and reduced length of stay. Design Pragmatic two arm parallel group randomised trial with blinded postoperative care and outcome assessment. Setting 45 UK hospitals. Participants 1350 patients aged 18 or over undergoing elective open or laparoscopic bowel surgery for malignant or benign pathology. Interventions Addition of a single dose of 8 mg intravenous dexamethasone at induction of anaesthesia compared with standard care. Main outcome measures Primary outcome: reported vomiting within 24 hours reported by patient or clinician. Secondary outcomes: vomiting with 72 and 120 hours reported by patient or clinician; use of antiemetics and postoperative nausea and vomiting at 24, 72, and 120 hours rated by patient; fatigue and quality of life at 120 hours or discharge and at 30 days; time to return to fluid and food intake; length of hospital stay; adverse events. Results 1350 participants were recruited and randomly allocated to additional dexamethasone (n=674) or standard care (n=676) at induction of anaesthesia. Vomiting within 24 hours of surgery occurred in 172 (25.5%) participants in the dexamethasone arm and 223 (33.0%) allocated standard care (number needed to treat (NNT) 13, 95% confidence interval 5 to 22; P=0.003). Additional postoperative antiemetics were given (on demand) to 265 (39.3%) participants allocated dexamethasone and 351 (51.9%) allocated standard care (NNT 8, 5 to 11; P

Published
2017
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34. Assessing the prevalence of sensory and motor impairments in childhood in Bangladesh using key informants

Author

Murthy, GVS, Mactaggart, I, Mohammad, M, Islam, J, Noe, C, Khan, AI, Foster, A, Smith, A, Qureshi, B, Gilbert, C, Lavy, C, Kuper, H, Pant, HB, Davies, M, Arora, NK, Hartley, S, Mackey, S, Sivasubramaniam, S, and Patel, V

Abstract

Objectives The study was conducted to determine whether trained key informants (KI) could identify children with impairments. Design Trained KI identified children with defined impairments/epilepsy who were then examined by a medical team at a nearby assessment centre (Key Informant Methodology: KIM). A population-based household randomised sample survey was also conducted for comparing the prevalence estimates. Setting Three districts in North Bangladesh. Participants Study population of approximately 258 000 children aged 0

Published
2014

37. A GPS-less Navigation System

Author

Ravisankar, Adithya, primary, Agarwal, Ankur, additional, Kulkarni, Apurva, additional, Kumar, M. A. Ashwin, additional, Ram, B. Bharath, additional, Sivasubramaniam, S., additional, and Nair, Binoy B., additional

Published
2013
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45. FACTORS INFLUENCING CONVEYING VELOCITY OF PRISMATIC PARTS ON A VIBRATORY FEEDER.

Author

UDHAYAKUMAR, S., PRABAKARAN, P., SIVASUBRAMANIAM, S., and GANESAN, S.

Subjects
VELOCITY, RISERS (Founding)
Abstract

Vibratory feeders are commonly used in industries for part feeding. There are several factors that affect the conveying velocity of parts on the vibratory feeder. Among these, the critical factors such as excitation frequency, amplitude of vibration, mass of part, co-efficient of friction and Length-towidth (L/W) ratio of the part were considered for experimental studies. The percentage of influence of each factor on conveying velocity was determined through ANOVA. Regression and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models were developed to predict the velocity of prismatic parts on vibratory feeder. Comparison of results with experimental results revealed that ANN was able to predict closer than the regression model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015

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