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8. Individual-level and plant-level predictors of acute, traumatic occupational injuries in a manufacturing cohort

Author

Souza, Kerry, Cantley, Linda F, Slade, Martin D, Eisen, Ellen A, Christiani, David, and Cullen, Mark R

Subjects
Human Resources and Industrial Relations, Commerce, Management, Tourism and Services, Physical Injury - Accidents and Adverse Effects, Injuries and accidents, Accidents, Occupational, Adult, Data Collection, Female, Humans, Industry, Job Satisfaction, Labor Unions, Male, Middle Aged, Occupational Exposure, Occupational Health, Occupational Injuries, Occupations, Principal Component Analysis, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Stress, Psychological, Surveys and Questionnaires, Work, Workplace, injuries, occupational injuries, unions, work environment, work stress, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, Other Commerce, Management, Tourism and Services, Environmental & Occupational Health, Human resources and industrial relations, Epidemiology, Public health
Abstract

ObjectivesWorkplace and contextual factors that may affect risk for worker injury are not well described. This study used results from an employee job satisfaction survey to construct aggregate indicators of the work environment and estimate the relative contribution of those factors to injury rates in a manufacturing cohort.MethodsPrincipal components analysis was used to construct four plant-level factors from responses to a 32 question survey of the entire workforce, administered in 2006. Multilevel Poisson regression was used to evaluate the relationship between injury rate, individual-level and plant-level risk factors, unionisation and plant type.ResultsPlant-level 'work stress' (incident rate ratio (IRR)=0.50, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.90) was significant in the multilevel model, indicating the rate of injury for an average individual in that plant was halved (conditional on plant) when job stress decreased by a tertile. 'Overall satisfaction', 'work environment' and 'perception of supervisor' showed the same trend but were not significant. Unionisation was protective (IRR=0.40, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.95) as was any plant type compared with smelter.ConclusionsWe demonstrated utility of data from a human resources survey to construct indicators of the work environment. Our research suggests that aspects of the work environment, particularly work stress and unionisation, may have a significant effect on risk for occupational injury, emphasising the need for further multilevel studies. Our work would suggest monitoring of employee perceptions of job stress and the possible inclusion of stress management as a component of risk reduction programmes.

Published
2014

9. Incident ischemic heart disease and recent occupational exposure to particulate matter in an aluminum cohort

Author

Costello, Sadie, Brown, Daniel M, Noth, Elizabeth M, Cantley, Linda, Slade, Martin D, Tessier-Sherman, Baylah, Hammond, S Katharine, Eisen, Ellen A, and Cullen, Mark R

Subjects
Epidemiology, Health Sciences, Prevention, Climate-Related Exposures and Conditions, Heart Disease, Cardiovascular, 2.4 Surveillance and distribution, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Aetiology, Aged, Aluminum, Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic, Female, Humans, Incidence, Male, Metallurgy, Middle Aged, Myocardial Ischemia, Occupational Exposure, Particulate Matter, Proportional Hazards Models, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, United States, occupational epidemiology, particulate matter, heart disease, Chemical Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Public health
Abstract

Fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) in air pollution, primarily from combustion sources, is recognized as an important risk factor for cardiovascular events but studies of workplace PM(2.5) exposure are rare. We conducted a prospective study of exposure to PM(2.5) and incidence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in a cohort of 11,966 US aluminum workers. Incident IHD was identified from medical claims data from 1998 to 2008. Quantitative metrics were developed for recent exposure (within the last year) and cumulative exposure; however, we emphasize recent exposure in the absence of interpretable work histories before follow-up. IHD was modestly associated with recent PM(2.5) overall. In analysis restricted to recent exposures estimated with the highest confidence, the hazard ratio (HR) increased to 1.78 (95% CI: 1.02, 3.11) in the second quartile and remained elevated. When the analysis was stratified by work process, the HR rose monotonically to 1.5 in both smelter and fabrication facilities, though exposure was almost an order of magnitude higher in smelters. The differential exposure-response may be due to differences in exposure composition or healthy worker survivor effect. These results are consistent with the air pollution and cigarette smoke literature; recent exposure to PM(2.5) in the workplace appears to increase the risk of IHD incidence.

Published
2014

22. Anxiety Among Healthcare Workers During COVID-19 Pandemic in Lebanon: The Importance of the Work Environment and Personal Resilience

Author

Sakr, Carine J, primary, Rahme, Diana, additional, Fakih, Lina, additional, Assaf, Sara A, additional, Redlich, Carrie A, additional, Slade, Martin D, additional, Fakhreddine, Mohammad, additional, Usta, Jinan, additional, Musharrafieh, Umayya, additional, Maalouf, Grace, additional, and Khater, Beatrice, additional

Published
2022
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23. Physical Recovery after Acute Myocardial Infarction: Positive Age Self-Stereotypes as a Resource

Author

Levy, Becca R., Slade, Martin D., and May, Jeanine

Abstract

We considered whether positive and stable self-stereotypes of stigmatized group members can influence functioning (in contrast, stereotype threat theory suggests these influential self-stereotypes are limited to ones that are negative and situational). Specifically, we examined older individuals' positive age stereotypes after a life-threatening event, an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Sixty-two persons, aged 50 to 96, participated. As expected, positive age stereotypes were found, even immediately after an AMI, and they did not significantly change over the next seven months. Also as expected, these self-stereotypes predicted physical recovery, after adjusting for potentially relevant covariates. Recovery expectations acted as a mediator. These findings suggest the importance of understanding the role that positive stereotypes may play in the health of stigmatized group members. (Contains 2 tables, 2 graphs, and 1 figure.)

Published
2006

38. Multi-Residency Implementation of an Online Movement Disorders Curriculum Based on Real Patient Videos

Author

Schaefer, Sara M., primary, London, Zachary, additional, Ferrara, Joseph M., additional, McCoyd, Matthew A., additional, Cronin, Carolyn, additional, Pharr, Emily Poole, additional, Price, Raymond, additional, Rigby, Heather B., additional, Vota, Scott, additional, Cincotta, Molly, additional, Slade, Martin D., additional, and Moeller, Jeremy J., additional

Published
2021
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39. Incidence of Asthma Among Aluminum Workers

Author

Taiwo, Oyebode A., Sircar, Kanta D., Slade, Martin D., Cantley, Linda F., Vegso, Sally J., Rabinowitz, Peter M., Fiellin, Martha G., and Cullen, Mark R.

Published
2006

43. Impact of Media-based Negative and Positive Age Stereotypes on Older Individuals’ Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Levy, Becca R, Chang, E-Shien, Lowe, Sarah, Provolo, Natalia, and Slade, Martin D

Subjects
Ageism, Research Report, Aged, 80 and over, Stereotyping, Mental Health, AcademicSubjects/SCI02100, Humans, COVID-19, AcademicSubjects/SOC02600, anxiety, media, Pandemics, age stereotypes, Aged
Abstract

Objectives During the COVID-19 pandemic, stigmatization of older persons has increased in traditional and social media. It was unknown whether this negative messaging could be detrimental to the mental health of older individuals, and whether the relatively uncommon positive messaging about older individuals could benefit their mental health. Method To address these gaps, we designed age-stereotype interventions based on actual news stories that appeared during the pandemic, and divided them into negative and positive versions of what we term personified (i.e., person-based) and enumerative (i.e., number-based) age-stereotype messaging. The negative versions of the two types of messaging reflected the age stereotype of decline whereas the positive versions of the two types of messaging reflected the age stereotype of resilience. Results As expected, the exposure of older individuals to the negative-age-stereotype-messaging interventions led to significantly worse mental health (more anxiety and less peacefulness), compared to a neutral condition; in contrast, the positive-age-stereotype-messaging interventions led to significantly better mental health (less anxiety and more peacefulness), compared to a neutral condition. The findings were equally strong for the personified and enumerative conditions. Also as expected, the interventions, which were self-irrelevant to the younger participants, did not significantly impact their mental health. Discussion This is the first-known study to experimentally demonstrate that institutional ageism, and statistics that reflect stereotypes about older individuals, can impact mental health. The results demonstrate the need for media messaging aimed at empowering older individuals during the pandemic and beyond.

Published
2021

48. Additional file 1 of JAK-inhibitor and type I interferon ability to produce favorable clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Walz, Lucas, Cohen, Avi J., Rebaza, Andre P., Vanchieri, James, Slade, Martin D., Cruz, Charles S. Dela, and Lokesh Sharma

Abstract

Additional file 1: Supplementary Figures. Supplementary Figure 1. Funnel plots of JAK-inhibitor treatment for (A) Mortality, (B) ICU Admission, (C) Requirement of Mechanical Ventilation, (D) ARDS, and (E) Discharge. Supplementary Figure 2. Funnel plots of Type I interferon treatment for (A) Mortality, (B) ICU Admission, (C) Requirement of Mechanical Ventilation, (D) Severe or Critical Disease, and (E) Discharge. Supplementary Table 1. Total outcome data stratified by included study. Supplementary Table 2. Definition of a severe or critical case in included studies for which that measure was analyzed. Supplementary Table 3. Risk of Bias (RoB) 2 check list for detection of bias in randomized trials. Supplementary Table 4. Newcastle-Ottowa Scale (NOS) tool for risk of bias detection in non-randomized trials. Supplementary Table 5. PRISMA-P 2015 checklist: recommended items to address in a systematic review protocol.

Published
2021
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50. SPLUNC1: a novel marker of cystic fibrosis exacerbations

Author

Khanal, Sara, primary, Webster, Megan, additional, Niu, Naiqian, additional, Zielonka, Jana, additional, Nunez, Myra, additional, Chupp, Geoffrey, additional, Slade, Martin D., additional, Cohn, Lauren, additional, Sauler, Maor, additional, Gomez, Jose L., additional, Tarran, Robert, additional, Sharma, Lokesh, additional, Dela Cruz, Charles S., additional, Egan, Marie, additional, Laguna, Theresa, additional, and Britto, Clemente J., additional

Published
2021
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