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Burden of AMR Collaborative Group:National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal (Prof M Caniça PhD, Vera Manageiro PhD) Free PMC Article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6300481/ Background: Infections due to antibiotic-resistant bacteria are threatening modern health care. However, estimating their incidence, complications, and attributable mortality is challenging. We aimed to estimate the burden of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria of public health concern in countries of the EU and European Economic Area (EEA) in 2015, measured in number of cases, attributable deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Methods: We estimated the incidence of infections with 16 antibiotic resistance–bacterium combinations from European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net) 2015 data that was country-corrected for population coverage. We multiplied the number of bloodstream infections (BSIs) by a conversion factor derived from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control point prevalence survey of health-care-associated infections in European acute care hospitals in 2011–12 to estimate the number of non-BSIs. We developed disease outcome models for five types of infection on the basis of systematic reviews of the literature. Findings: From EARS-Net data collected between Jan 1, 2015, and Dec 31, 2015, we estimated 671 689 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 583 148–763 966) infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria, of which 63·5% (426 277 of 671 689) were associated with health care. These infections accounted for an estimated 33 110 (28 480–38 430) attributable deaths and 874 541 (768 837–989 068) DALYs. The burden for the EU and EEA was highest in infants (aged

We analyzed the occurrence of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) at intensive care unit of the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Medicine of Martin Faculty Hospital in 2008. We performed a retrospective-prospective observation according the protocol of European HELICS (Hospital in Europe Link for Infection Control and Surveillance) system. We found 11 HAI (4.45%) which on average prolonged the length of hospitalization by 6 days. The most frequent localisation of HAI was the respiratory tract. By our own observation we found the same number of HAI cases as it had been reported officially but the observed and reported cases do not match. The surveillance system HELICS uses definitions slightly different from those used in Slovakia. The severity of health status of a patient at admission influences the risk of HAI. We suggest a continuing collaboration on HELICS system with further involvement of all departments of Martin Faculty Hospital and creation of a hospital infection control team. We also suggest an improvement in testing for etiologic agents of HAI and an introduction of methods of molecular epidemiology in diagnostics, as well as quantification of costs related to occurrence of HAI and to assess an implication of automated monitoring system in HAI surveillance.