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Tobacco smoke is important pathogenetic agent of stomach digestive and duodenum ulcers, oesophagitis as well as gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. The aim of work was the assessment of urinary nicotine metabolites concentration in children and teenagers diagnosed and treated in Paediatrics Chair of Medical University of Silesia by chronic stomach pains, or oesophagitis and gastrooesophageal reflux disease symptoms. Urine was sampled from 54 persons before gastrofiberoscopy, in which the main nicotine metabolites concentration was determined by ELISA method and given per creatinine concentration. It was shown, that 30% of examined population was intensively exposed to tobacco smoke (actively or passively smoking), but 37% passively exposed to nicotine. Significant higher nicotine metabolites concentration was stated in the currently H. pylori infected sick, however without differences of these biomarkers concentrations between group with oesophagis in endoscopy as well as histopathologic examination and group without these features.

Selenium is an important nutritional factor of human diet. Epidemiological and experimental data indicate that low selenium level can be associated with increased risk of cancer. On the other hand there are some evidence that patients with celiac disease can present selenium deficiency and increased risk of certain malignancies. Therefore the aim of study was to evaluate plasma selenium levels in children with celiac disease. The level of selenium was estimated by flame atomic absorptiometry method according to Whiteside. Celiac disease was diagnosed according to ESPGHAN criteria. Obtained results indicate that in celiac disease low plasma selenium levels are especially marked at preliminary stage of diagnosis and following low compliance to the gluten free diet. Children with this sickness may need supplementation of their diet with selenium.

Selenium (Se) is an essential component of many mammalian enzymes and therefore plays an important role in different metabolic processes. Se deficiency occurs in inadequate diet consumption as well as in some digestive tract and allergic diseases. In this research we showed that Se plasma concentration levels in healthy children was 71.8 mg/l, whereas in those with food allergy 54.1 mg/l (with smaller intestinal villus atrophy) or 50.4 mg/l (with greater intestinal villus atrophy). Obtained results indicate that children with food allergy display higher risk of Se deficiency. Antioxidative and immunomodulatory action of Se, connecting with promising literature data of Se supplementation, promote us to state, that this trace element could be used for accessory food allergies treatment.

Unlabelled: In children with celiac disease (CD) bone metabolism and mineralization are frequently disturbed. The present study aimed to assess the influence of gluten free diet (GFD) on bone mineral density (BMD) in 73 children with CD, mean age of 12.4 +/- 0.4 years and mean body mass index (BMI) 17.9 +/- 0.4 kg/m2 (mean +/- SEM). Diagnosis of CD was established according to ESPEGAN criteria. Compliance to the GFD was verified on the basis of interview and by estimation of antiendomysial antibodies (IgAEmA/IgGEmA) in blood serum. BMD was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Plasma calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) concentrations, alkaline phosphatase (AP) and its bone fraction (BAP) were estimated before BMD measurement. All children were divided into two groups. Group A consisted of 33 children where gluten free diet was strictly respected for 11.7 +/- 0.6 years. The second group (Group B) comprised 40 children without strictly respected GFD. Children who strictly followed GFD showed statistically higher BMI, AP-spine BMD and total body BMD in comparison with children without GFD (BMI 19 +/- 0.52 kg/m2 vs 17.3 +/- 0.4 kg/m2; p < 0.01, AP-spine BMD 0.951 +/- 0.04 g/cm2 vs 0.767 + 0.03 g/cm2; p < 0.005, Total Body BMD 1.013 +/- 0.02 g/cm2 vs 0.933 +/- 0.01 g/cm2; p < 0.05) respectively. No significant differences were found in plasma Ca, P, AP, BAP between both groups. A statistically significant positive correlation (p < 0.001) was found between duration of GFD and AP-spine BMD and total body BMD, respectively. A statistically significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) was also found between duration of GFD and BMI., Conclusion: Long-term GFD significantly improves BMD and BMI in children with CD.

The study encompassed 62 children aged 4-15 years: 51 with a confirmed diagnosis of celiac disease and 11 suspected of having celiac disease (during diagnostic studies). The control group included 30 healthy children aged 4-15 years. Serum prolactin concentration was measured using radioimmunoassay (RIA) kits. Serum prolactin concentrations were significantly higher in children with celiac disease not following a gluten-free diet than in the control group. Children with serious mucosal lesions revealed by small bowel mucosal biopsies had the highest serum prolactin concentrations. Of these children, 36% gad values higher than 15 ng/ml. Differences between children with celiac disease complying with a gluten-free diet and the control group were not significant.