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1. Follow-Up Study of Effectiveness of 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Against All-Type and Serotype-Specific Invasive Pneumococcal Disease, Denmark

Author

Nielsen, Katrine Finderup, Nielsen, Lise Birk, Dalby, Tine, Lomholt, Frederikke Kristensen, Slotved, Hans-Christian, Fuursted, Kurt, Harboe, Zitta Barrella, Jorgensen, Charlotte Svaerke, and Valentiner-Branth, Palle

Subjects
Testing, Care and treatment, Evaluation, Elderly patients -- Care and treatment, Pneumococcal vaccines -- Testing, Public health administration -- Evaluation, Aged patients -- Care and treatment, Pneumococcal vaccine -- Testing
Abstract

Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infections can cause deadly diseases such as meningitis and bacteremia. In Denmark, children [less than or equal to] 2 years of age have been routinely vaccinated against [...]

Published
2024
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2. Molecular Epidemiology of Underreported Emerging Zoonotic Pathogen Streptococcus suis in Europe

Author

Brizuela, Jaime, Roodsant, Thomas J., Hasnoe, Qureisha, van der Putten, Boas C.L., Kozakova, Jana, Slotved, Hans-Christian, van der Linden, Mark, de Beer-Schuurman, Ilse G.A., Sadowy, Ewa, Saez-Nieto, Juan Antonio, Chalker, Victoria J., van der Ark, Kees C.H., and Schultsz, Constance

Subjects
Identification and classification, Distribution, Genetic aspects, Risk factors, Company distribution practices, Streptococcal infections -- Risk factors, Streptococcus -- Identification and classification -- Genetic aspects -- Distribution, Emerging communicable diseases -- Risk factors, Zoonoses -- Risk factors
Abstract

Streptococcus suis is an opportunistic bacterial porcine pathogen that can cause severe disease in humans, most commonly meningitis and sepsis (1). Human S. suis infections occur both through direct contact [...]

Published
2024
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3. Trends in invasive bacterial diseases during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic: analyses of prospective surveillance data from 30 countries and territories in the IRIS Consortium

Author

Shaw, David, Abad, Raquel, Amin-Chowdhury, Zahin, Bautista, Adriana, Bennett, Desiree, Broughton, Karen, Cao, Bin, Casanova, Carlo, Choi, Eun Hwa, Chu, Yiu-Wai, Claus, Heike, Coelho, Juliana, Corcoran, Mary, Cottrell, Simon, Cunney, Robert, Cuypers, Lize, Dalby, Tine, Davies, Heather, de Gouveia, Linda, Deghmane, Ala-Eddine, Demczuk, Walter, Desmet, Stefanie, Domenech, Mirian, Drew, Richard, du Plessis, Mignon, Duarte, Carolina, Erlendsdóttir, Helga, Fry, Norman K, Fuursted, Kurt, Hale, Thomas, Henares, Desiree, Henriques-Normark, Birgitta, Hilty, Markus, Hoffmann, Steen, Humphreys, Hilary, Ip, Margaret, Jacobsson, Susanne, Johnson, Christopher, Johnston, Jillian, Jolley, Keith A, Kawabata, Aníbal, Kozakova, Jana, Kristinsson, Karl G, Krizova, Pavla, Kuch, Alicja, Ladhani, Shamez, Lâm, Thiên-Trí, León, María Eugenia, Lindholm, Laura, Litt, David, Maiden, Martin C J, Martin, Irene, Martiny, Delphine, Mattheus, Wesley, McCarthy, Noel D, Meehan, Mary, Meiring, Susan, Mölling, Paula, Morfeldt, Eva, Morgan, Julie, Mulhall, Robert, Muñoz-Almagro, Carmen, Murdoch, David, Murphy, Joy, Musilek, Martin, Mzabi, Alexandre, Novakova, Ludmila, Oftadeh, Shahin, Perez-Argüello, Amaresh, Pérez-Vázquez, Maria, Perrin, Monique, Perry, Malorie, Prevost, Benoit, Roberts, Maria, Rokney, Assaf, Ron, Merav, Sanabria, Olga Marina, Scott, Kevin J, Sheppard, Carmen, Siira, Lotta, Sintchenko, Vitali, Skoczyńska, Anna, Sloan, Monica, Slotved, Hans-Christian, Smith, Andrew J, Steens, Anneke, Taha, Muhamed-Kheir, Toropainen, Maija, Tzanakaki, Georgina, Vainio, Anni, van der Linden, Mark P G, van Sorge, Nina M, Varon, Emmanuelle, Vohrnova, Sandra, von Gottberg, Anne, Yuste, Jose, Zanella, Rosemeire, Zhou, Fei, and Brueggemann, Angela B

Published
2023
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6. Changes in the incidence of invasive disease due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis during the COVID-19 pandemic in 26 countries and territories in the Invasive Respiratory Infection Surveillance Initiative: a prospective analysis of surveillance data

Author

Brueggemann, Angela B, Jansen van Rensburg, Melissa J, Shaw, David, McCarthy, Noel D, Jolley, Keith A, Maiden, Martin C J, van der Linden, Mark P G, Amin-Chowdhury, Zahin, Bennett, Désirée E, Borrow, Ray, Brandileone, Maria-Cristina C, Broughton, Karen, Campbell, Ruth, Cao, Bin, Casanova, Carlo, Choi, Eun Hwa, Chu, Yiu Wai, Clark, Stephen A, Claus, Heike, Coelho, Juliana, Corcoran, Mary, Cottrell, Simon, Cunney, Robert J, Dalby, Tine, Davies, Heather, de Gouveia, Linda, Deghmane, Ala-Eddine, Demczuk, Walter, Desmet, Stefanie, Drew, Richard J, du Plessis, Mignon, Erlendsdottir, Helga, Fry, Norman K, Fuursted, Kurt, Gray, Steve J, Henriques-Normark, Birgitta, Hale, Thomas, Hilty, Markus, Hoffmann, Steen, Humphreys, Hilary, Ip, Margaret, Jacobsson, Susanne, Johnston, Jillian, Kozakova, Jana, Kristinsson, Karl G, Krizova, Pavla, Kuch, Alicja, Ladhani, Shamez N, Lâm, Thiên-Trí, Lebedova, Vera, Lindholm, Laura, Litt, David J, Martin, Irene, Martiny, Delphine, Mattheus, Wesley, McElligott, Martha, Meehan, Mary, Meiring, Susan, Mölling, Paula, Morfeldt, Eva, Morgan, Julie, Mulhall, Robert M, Muñoz-Almagro, Carmen, Murdoch, David R, Murphy, Joy, Musilek, Martin, Mzabi, Alexandre, Perez-Argüello, Amaresh, Perrin, Monique, Perry, Malorie, Redin, Alba, Roberts, Richard, Roberts, Maria, Rokney, Assaf, Ron, Merav, Scott, Kevin J, Sheppard, Carmen L, Siira, Lotta, Skoczyńska, Anna, Sloan, Monica, Slotved, Hans-Christian, Smith, Andrew J, Song, Joon Young, Taha, Muhamed-Kheir, Toropainen, Maija, Tsang, Dominic, Vainio, Anni, van Sorge, Nina M, Varon, Emmanuelle, Vlach, Jiri, Vogel, Ulrich, Vohrnova, Sandra, von Gottberg, Anne, Zanella, Rosemeire C, and Zhou, Fei

Published
2021
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8. A nationwide study of two decades of invasive pneumococcal disease in the Faroe Islands, 2000–2023.

Author

Kallsberg, Arnfinnur, Slotved, Hans-Christian, Gaini, Shahin, and Krogfelt, Karen Angeliki

Subjects
*PNEUMOCOCCAL vaccines, *OLDER people, *VACCINATION coverage, *VACCINATION status, *DISEASE incidence
Abstract

AbstractBackgroundObjectiveMethodsResultsConclusionsInvasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) remains a significant public health concern, particularly in vulnerable populations such as the elderly. This study focuses on the Faroe Islands, a unique setting for monitoring pneumococcal disease trends due to its high vaccination coverage and geographic isolation.To examine the prevalence, trends and serotype distribution of IPD in the Faroe Islands from 2000 to 2023, focusing on the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) on disease incidence and serotype replacement.Eighty-six pneumococcal isolates, representing all registered cases of IPD in the Faroe Islands, were analysed during the study period. Data on patient demographics, serotype identification and vaccination history were collected from national health records. Temporal trends in vaccine-type (VT) and non-vaccine-type (nVT) serotypes were analysed, particularly following the introduction of PCV13 in 2010.Following the introduction of PCV13, a shift from VT to nVT serotypes was observed, while the overall IPD rate remained stable. Notably, there was an increase in IPD cases among the elderly population. The analysis indicated that serotype replacement contributed to a rise in nVT cases despite reducing VT-related IPD.The findings emphasise the need for ongoing evaluation of pneumococcal vaccine formulations and alternative strategies to address the increasing prevalence of nVT IPD. Higher-valency vaccines and sustained vaccination coverage are critical to mitigating the impact of serotype replacement and improving public health outcomes in the Faroe Islands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. International circumpolar surveillance: update on the interlaboratory quality control program for Streptococcus pneumoniae , 2009 to 2020

Author

Golden, Alyssa R., primary, Griffith, Averil, additional, Simons, Brenna C., additional, Reasonover, Alisa, additional, Slotved, Hans-Christian, additional, Lefebvre, Brigitte, additional, Kristinsson, Karl G., additional, Hurteau, Donna, additional, Tyrrell, Gregory J., additional, Bruce, Michael G., additional, and Martin, Irene, additional

Published
2024
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11. Identification of antibiotic induced persister cells in Streptococcus agalactiae

Author

Greve, Nanna Boll, Slotved, Hans-Christian, Olsen, John Elmerdahl, Thomsen, Line Elnif, Greve, Nanna Boll, Slotved, Hans-Christian, Olsen, John Elmerdahl, and Thomsen, Line Elnif

Abstract

Antibiotic persistence is a phenomenon, where a small fraction of a bacterial population expresses a phenotypic variation that allows them to survive antibiotic treatment, which is lethal to the rest of the population. These cells are called persisters cells, and their occurrence has been associated with recurrent disease. Streptococcus agalactiae is a human pathobiont, able to cause invasive infections, and recurrent infections have been reported to occur in both newborns and adults. In this study, we demonstrated that S. agalactiae NEM316 can form persister cells when exposed to antibiotics from different classes. The frequency of persister cell formation was dependent on bacterial growth phase and the class of antibiotics. The ability to form persister cells in response to penicillin was shown to be a general trait among different clinical S. agalactiae isolates, independent of sero- and sequence-type. Taken together, this study shows the existence of antibiotic tolerant S. agalactiae persister cells, which may explain why this bacterial species frequently persists after treatment of invasive infection and can be associated with recurrent disease.

Published
2024

15. Etiologic Profile of the Pneumococcus in Ghana: A Systematic Review.

Author

Arhin, Reuben E., Donkor, Eric S., Slotved, Hans-Christian, Kotey, Fleischer C. N., Dayie, Nicholas T. K. D., and Russomando, Graciela

Subjects
STREPTOCOCCAL disease diagnosis, PNEUMONIA diagnosis, OTITIS media, BACTERIAL meningitis, SICKLE cell anemia, SEROTYPING, HEALTH status indicators, HIV infections, AGE distribution, SYSTEMATIC reviews, MEDLINE, STREPTOCOCCAL diseases, ONLINE information services, GENOTYPES
Abstract

Objective: To describe the profile of Streptococcus pneumoniae, identify research gaps, and provide in‐depth insights into various aspects related to the pathogen. Methods: Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect were searched for all studies on the pneumococcus in Ghana that reported on specimen collected, population and sample size, carriage prevalence, incidence of pneumococcal diseases, age of the study population, types of test performed, serotypes identified, antimicrobial susceptibilities, or molecular analysis on the pneumococci for data extraction. Results: Overall, a total of 7954 results were obtained from the three‐database search, and of this, 24 articles were selected after screening. A total of 924 isolates were accounted for by serotyping/serogrouping. The prevalence of pneumococcal carriage in Ghana ranges from 11.0% to 51.4% in the population depending on the age (≤ 24–80 years), sickle cell disease (SCD), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status, or health of the study population, and penicillin (Pen)‐nonsusceptible isolates ranged from 17% to 63%. The prevalence of pneumococci found as the etiologic agent of diseases among Ghanaians ranges from 3.4% for otitis media to 77.7% for meningitis. Overall, the 13‐valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) (PCV‐13) carriage serotypes accounted for 28.4% of the reported pneumococcal isolates. PCV‐13 invasive serotypes accounted for 22.4% of the reported isolates. The non‐PCV‐13 carriage serotypes accounted for most (43.9%) of the reported isolates. In the pre‐PCV‐13 era, the nontypeable (NT) (5.5%) and other nonvaccine types (NVTs) (6.4%) were reported as being predominant. The non‐PCV‐13 serotypes accounted for 4.4% of the reported isolates in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) cases. Multidrug resistance (MDR) ranged from 7.8% to 100%. Conclusion: Predicting the invasiveness of pneumococci using molecular typing is the way to go in the future as this will provide answers to the extent to which capsular switching is contributing to the pneumococcal disease burden in Ghana almost a decade after introducing PCV‐13. Continuous monitoring of antibiotic resistance patterns at both phenotypic and genotypic levels, along with serotyping and molecular typing, should be a standard practice in the surveillance of pneumococcal disease burden in Ghana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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18. Follow-Up Study of Effectiveness of 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Against All-Type and Serotype-Specific Invasive Pneumococcal Disease, Denmark.

Author

Finderup Nielsen, Katrine, Nielsen, Lise Birk, Dalby, Tine, Lomholt, Frederikke Kristensen, Slotved, Hans-Christian, Fuursted, Kurt, Barrella Harboe, Zitta, Sværke Jørgensen, Charlotte, and Valentiner-Branth, Palle

Abstract

As a follow-up to a previous study, we investigated vaccine effectiveness (VE) of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among 1,254,498 persons >65 years of age as part of a vaccination program in Denmark during April 2020-January 2023. We assessed VE by using a Cox regression model and adjusted for age, sex, and underlying conditions. Using nationwide data, we estimated a VE of PPSV23 against all-type IPD of 32% and against PPSV23-serotype IPD of 41%. Because this follow-up study had more statistical power than the original study, we also estimated VE against IPD caused by PPSV23-serotypes excluding serotype 3; serotype 3; serotype 8; serotype 22F; PPSV23 non-PCV15 serotypes; PPSV23 non-PCV20 serotypes; and IPD over time. Our findings suggest PPSV23 vaccination can protect persons >65 years of age against IPD caused by all serotypes or serotype groupings, except serotype 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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Author

Eriksen, Helle Brander, Fuursted, Kurt, Jensen, Anders, Jensen, Christian Salgård, Nielsen, Xiaohui, Christensen, Jens Jørgen, Shewmaker, Patricia, Rebelo, Ana Rita, Aarestrup, Frank Møller, Schønning, Kristian, Slotved, Hans Christian, Eriksen, Helle Brander, Fuursted, Kurt, Jensen, Anders, Jensen, Christian Salgård, Nielsen, Xiaohui, Christensen, Jens Jørgen, Shewmaker, Patricia, Rebelo, Ana Rita, Aarestrup, Frank Møller, Schønning, Kristian, and Slotved, Hans Christian

Published
2023

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Author

Eriksen, Helle Brander, Fuursted, Kurt, Jensen, Anders, Jensen, Christian Salgård, Nielsen, Xiaohui, Christensen, Jens Jørgen, Shewmaker, Patricia, Rebelo, Ana Rita, Aarestrup, Frank Møller, Schønning, Kristian, Slotved, Hans Christian, Eriksen, Helle Brander, Fuursted, Kurt, Jensen, Anders, Jensen, Christian Salgård, Nielsen, Xiaohui, Christensen, Jens Jørgen, Shewmaker, Patricia, Rebelo, Ana Rita, Aarestrup, Frank Møller, Schønning, Kristian, and Slotved, Hans Christian

Published
2023

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Author

Eriksen, Helle Brander, Fuursted, Kurt, Jensen, Anders, Jensen, Christian Salgård, Nielsen, Xiaohui, Christensen, Jens Jørgen, Shewmaker, Patricia, Rebelo, Ana Rita, Aarestrup, Frank Møller, Schønning, Kristian, Slotved, Hans-Christian, Eriksen, Helle Brander, Fuursted, Kurt, Jensen, Anders, Jensen, Christian Salgård, Nielsen, Xiaohui, Christensen, Jens Jørgen, Shewmaker, Patricia, Rebelo, Ana Rita, Aarestrup, Frank Møller, Schønning, Kristian, and Slotved, Hans-Christian

Published
2023

28. Decreased Pneumococcal Carriage among Older Adults in Denmark during the COVID-19 Lockdown

Author

Tinggaard, Michaela, Slotved, Hans Christian, Petersen, Randi Føns, Hovmand, Nichlas, Benfield, Thomas, Tinggaard, Michaela, Slotved, Hans Christian, Petersen, Randi Føns, Hovmand, Nichlas, and Benfield, Thomas

Abstract

Background: COVID-19 containment measures reduced the burden of invasive pneumococcal disease. Data on pneumococcal carriage rates among adults during the pandemic are scarce. Methods: Naso-and oropharyngeal swabs and questionnaires were collected during January 2019 to December 2021 from adults ≥64 years of age. Carriage was determined by lytA/piaB PCR. Results: A total of 1556 participants provided paired naso-and oropharyngeal swabs. Their median age was 74 years (IQR, 70-79). Streptococcus pneumoniae DNA was detected in 146 (9.4%) oropharyngeal swabs and 34 (2.2%) nasopharyngeal. The carriage rate decreased from 12.9% (95% CI, 10.1%-16.1%, n = 66/511) prelockdown (January 2019-February 2020) to 4.2% (95% CI, 2.0%-7.5%, n = 10/240) during lockdown (March 2020-February 2021) and increased to 12.1% (95% CI, 9.8%-14.7%, n = 87/719) with the reopening of society (March 2021-December 2021; P =. 0009). Conclusions: Pneumococcal carriage prevalence declined significantly during pandemic mitigation measures and rebounded to prepandemic levels as measures were lifted.

Published
2023

29. Predictors of serological non-response to the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine followed by the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine among adults living with HIV

Author

Tinggaard, Michaela, Slotved, Hans Christian, Jørgensen, Charlotte Sværke, Kronborg, Gitte, Benfield, Thomas, Tinggaard, Michaela, Slotved, Hans Christian, Jørgensen, Charlotte Sværke, Kronborg, Gitte, and Benfield, Thomas

Abstract

Background: People living with HIV (PLWH) have higher incidence of pneumococcal disease compared to people without HIV. Immunization with pneumococcal vaccines is recommended, but serological non-response to pneumococcal vaccination is common for largely unknown reasons. Methods: PLWH on antiretroviral treatment and no prior pneumococcal vaccination received the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) followed 60 days later by the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23). Serological response was evaluated 30 days post-PPV23 by antibodies against 12 serotypes covered by both PCV13 and PPV23. Seroprotection was defined as a ≥2-fold rise to a level above 1.3 µg/ml in geometric mean concentration (GMC) across all serotypes. Associations with non-responsiveness were evaluated by logistic regression. Results: Fifty-two virologically suppressed PLWH (median age of 50 years (IQR 44–55) and median CD4 count of 634 cells/mm3 (IQR 507–792)) were included. Forty-six percent (95 % CI 32–61, n = 24) achieved seroprotection. Serotypes 14, 18C and 19F had the highest, and serotypes 3, 4 and 6B the lowest GMCs. Pre-vaccination GMC levels less than 100 ng/ml were associated with increased odds of non-responsiveness compared to levels above 100 ng/ml (adjusted OR 8.7, 95 % CI 1.2–63.6, p = 0.0438). Conclusion: Less than half of our study population achieved anti-pneumococcal seroprotective levels following PCV13 and PPV23 immunization. Low pre-vaccination GMC levels were associated with non-response. Further research is required to optimize vaccination strategies that achieve higher seroprotection in this high-risk group.

Published
2023

34. Predicting β-lactam susceptibility from the genome of Streptococcus pneumoniae and other mitis group streptococci

Author

Eriksen, Helle Brander, Fuursted, Kurt, Jensen, Anders, Jensen, Christian Salgård, Nielsen, Xiaohui, Christensen, Jens Jørgen, Shewmaker, Patricia, Rebelo, Ana Rita, Aarestrup, Frank Møller, Schønning, Kristian, and Slotved, Hans-Christian

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Streptococcus, Genotypic susceptibility, Penicillin-binding proteins, Pneumococcus, Penicillin, Microbiology
Abstract

Introduction: For Streptococcus pneumoniae, β-lactam susceptibility can be predicted from the amino acid sequence of the penicillin-binding proteins PBP1a, PBP2b, and PBP2x. The combination of PBP-subtypes provides a PBP-profile, which correlates to a phenotypic minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The non-S. pneumoniae Mitis-group streptococci (MGS) have similar PBPs and exchange pbp-alleles with S. pneumoniae. We studied whether a simple BLAST analysis could be used to predict phenotypic susceptibility in Danish S. pneumoniae isolates and in internationally collected MGS. Method: Isolates with available WGS and phenotypic susceptibility data were included. For each isolate, the best matching PBP-profile was identified by BLAST analysis. The corresponding MICs for penicillin and ceftriaxone was retrieved. Category agreement (CA), minor-, major-, and very major discrepancy was calculated. Genotypic-phenotypic accuracy was examined with Deming regression. Results: Among 88 S. pneumoniae isolates, 55 isolates had a recognized PBP-profile, and CA was 100% for penicillin and 98.2% for ceftriaxone. In 33 S. pneumoniae isolates with a new PBP-profile, CA was 90.9% (penicillin) and 93.8% (ceftriaxone) using the nearest recognized PBP-profile. Applying the S. pneumoniae database to non-S. pneumoniae MGS revealed that none had a recognized PBP-profile. For Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae, CA was 100% for penicillin and ceftriaxone in 19 susceptible isolates. In 33 Streptococcus mitis isolates, CA was 75.8% (penicillin) and 86.2% (ceftriaxone) and in 25 Streptococcus oralis isolates CA was 8% (penicillin) and 100% (ceftriaxone). Conclusion: Using a simple BLAST analysis, genotypic susceptibility prediction was accurate in Danish S. pneumoniae isolates, particularly in isolates with recognized PBP-profiles. Susceptibility was poorly predicted in other MGS using the current database.

Published
2023
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38. Sustained reductions in life-threatening invasive bacterial diseases during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic: analyses of prospective surveillance data from 30 countries participating in the IRIS Consortium

Author

Shaw, David, primary, Abad, Raquel, additional, Amin-Chowdhury, Zahin, additional, Bautista, Adriana, additional, Bennett, Desiree, additional, Broughton, Karen, additional, Cao, Bin, additional, Casanova, Carlo, additional, Choi, Eun Hwa, additional, Chu, Yiu-Wai, additional, Claus, Heike, additional, Coelho, Juliana, additional, Corcoran, Mary, additional, Cottrell, Simon, additional, Cunney, Robert, additional, Cuypers, Lize, additional, Dalby, Tine, additional, Davies, Heather, additional, de Gouveia, Linda, additional, Deghmane, Ala-Eddine, additional, Demczuk, Walter, additional, Desmet, Stefanie, additional, Domenech, Mirian, additional, Drew, Richard, additional, du Plessis, Mignon, additional, Duarte, Carolina, additional, Erlendsdóttir, Helga, additional, Fry, Norman, additional, Fuursted, Kurt, additional, Hale, Thomas, additional, Henares, Desiree, additional, Henriques-Normark, Birgitta, additional, Hilty, Markus, additional, Hoffmann, Steen, additional, Humphreys, Hilary, additional, Ip, Margaret, additional, Jacobsson, Susanne, additional, Johnson, Christopher, additional, Johnston, Jillian, additional, Jolley, Keith A, additional, Kawabata, Aníbal, additional, Kozakova, Jana, additional, Kristinsson, Karl G, additional, Krizova, Pavla, additional, Kuch, Alicja, additional, Ladhani, Shamez, additional, Lâm, Thiên-Trí, additional, María Eugenia, León, additional, Lindholm, Laura, additional, Litt, David, additional, Maiden, Martin CJ, additional, Martin, Irene, additional, Martiny, Delphine, additional, Mattheus, Wesley, additional, McCarthy, Noel D, additional, McElligott, Martha, additional, Meehan, Mary, additional, Meiring, Susan, additional, Mölling, Paula, additional, Morfeldt, Eva, additional, Morgan, Julie, additional, Mulhall, Robert, additional, Muñoz-Almagro, Carmen, additional, Murdoch, David, additional, Murphy, Joy, additional, Musilek, Martin, additional, Mzabi, Alexandre, additional, Novakova, Ludmila, additional, Oftadeh, Shahin, additional, Perez-Arguello, Amaresh, additional, Pérez-Vázquez, Maria, additional, Perrin, Monique, additional, Perry, Malorie, additional, Prevost, Benoit, additional, Roberts, Maria, additional, Rokney, Assaf, additional, Ron, Merav, additional, Sanabria, Olga Marina, additional, Scott, Kevin J, additional, Sheppard, Carmen, additional, Siira, Lotta, additional, Sintchenko, Vitali, additional, Skoczyńska, Anna, additional, Sloan, Monica, additional, Slotved, Hans-Christian, additional, Smith, Andrew J, additional, Steens, Anneke, additional, Taha, Muhamed-Kheir, additional, Toropainen, Maija, additional, Tzanakaki, Georgina, additional, Vainio, Anni, additional, van der Linden, Mark PG, additional, van Sorge, Nina M, additional, Varon, Emmanuelle, additional, Vohrnova, Sandra, additional, Gottberg, Anne von, additional, Yuste, Jose, additional, Zanella, Rosemeire, additional, Zhou, Fei, additional, and Brueggemann, Angela B, additional

Published
2022
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42. Effectiveness of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease among 948,263 individuals ≥65 years of age: A Danish cohort study

Author

Nielsen, Katrine Finderup, primary, Nielsen, Lise Birk, additional, Lomholt, Frederikke Kristensen, additional, Slotved, Hans-Christian, additional, Dalby, Tine, additional, Fuursted, Kurt, additional, Jørgensen, Charlotte Sværke, additional, and Valentiner-Branth, Palle, additional

Published
2022
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44. Invasive group B Streptococcus strains and clinical characteristics in Danish infants from 1999 to 2009

Author

Andersen, Mads, Smith, Birgitte, Murra, May, Nielsen, Stine Yde, Slotved, Hans Christian, Henriksen, Tine Brink, Andersen, Mads, Smith, Birgitte, Murra, May, Nielsen, Stine Yde, Slotved, Hans Christian, and Henriksen, Tine Brink

Abstract

Background: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection in infants may result in both respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological dysfunction and ultimately death of the infant. Surveillance of GBS strains in infants and their clinical characteristics guide development of effective vaccines and other potential treatments and may have implications for future prognostics and infant care. Therefore, we aimed to study GBS serotypes and clonal complexes (CC) in Danish infants with early onset infection (EOD) (0–6 days of life) and late-onset infection (LOD) (7–89 days of life) and to estimate the association between GBS strain and different clinical outcomes. Methods: We included Danish infants less than 3 months of age with GBS isolates from blood or cerebrospinal fluid between 1999 and 2009. GBS isolates were analyzed by serotyping and multilocus sequence typing with classification of isolates into clonal complexes. Clinical characteristics were obtained by questionnaires completed by tending pediatrician including gestational age, Apgar scores, age at onset, meningitis, symptom severity, treatment duration, and mortality. Symptom severities were reported within neurological symptoms, need for respiratory or circulatory support, and treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Results: A total of 212 GBS isolates were collected with 129 from EOD and 83 from LOD. The dominating GBS strains were III/CC17 (41%), Ia/CC23 (17%), III/CC19 (15%), Ib/CC8-10 (7%), and V/CC1 (6%). Strain Ia/CC23 was mostly found in EOD, while III/CC17 was widespread in LOD, though being the most common in both EOD and LOD. Strain III/CC17 and Ia/CC23 had highest percentage of samples from cerebrospinal fluid (26%), while III/CC19 had the least (8%). Strain III/CC19 had highest mortality with about one fifth of infected infants dying (22%) followed by Ia/CC23 (16%), Ib/CC8-10 (9%), and then III/CC17 (6%). The symptom severity varied between strains, but with no strain consistently resultin

Published
2022

45. Oral and Anal Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae Among Sexually Active Men With HIV Who Have Sex With Men

Author

Tinggaard, Michaela, Slotved, Hans Christian, Fuursted, Kurt, Storgaard, Merete, Dröse, Sandra, Somuncu Johansen, Isik, Thorsteinsson, Kristina, Kronborg, Gitte, Lebech, Anne Mette, Benfield, Thomas, Tinggaard, Michaela, Slotved, Hans Christian, Fuursted, Kurt, Storgaard, Merete, Dröse, Sandra, Somuncu Johansen, Isik, Thorsteinsson, Kristina, Kronborg, Gitte, Lebech, Anne Mette, and Benfield, Thomas

Abstract

People with HIV are at increased risk of pneumococcal disease. We investigate oral and anal carriage rates of Streptococcus pneumoniae by molecular methods among 82 men with HIV who have sex with men (MSM). A questionnaire, oral wash, and anal swab samples were obtained at baseline and 12 months. Oral carriage rates were 32.9% (27/82) at baseline and 41.7% (30/72) at follow-up. Anal carriage rates were 2.4% (2/82) at baseline and 2.9% (2/70) at follow-up. Genogroup 24 was predominant. Results suggest high oral carriage rates of S. pneumoniae among MSM living with HIV. A minority were anal carriers.

Published
2022

47. Effectiveness of 10 and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines against invasive pneumococcal disease in European children: SpIDnet observational multicentre study

Author

Savulescu, Camelia, primary, Krizova, Pavla, additional, Valentiner-Branth, Palle, additional, Ladhani, Shamez, additional, Rinta-Kokko, Hanna, additional, Levy, Corinne, additional, Mereckiene, Jolita, additional, Knol, Mirjam, additional, Winje, Brita A., additional, Ciruela, Pilar, additional, de Miguel, Sara, additional, Guevara, Marcela, additional, MacDonald, Laura, additional, Kozakova, Jana, additional, Slotved, Hans-Christian, additional, Fry, Norman K., additional, Pekka Nuorti, J., additional, Danis, Kostas, additional, Corcoran, Mary, additional, van der Ende, Arie, additional, Vestrheim, Didrik F., additional, Munoz-Almagro, Carmen, additional, Sanz, Juan-Carlos, additional, Castilla, Jesus, additional, Smith, Andrew, additional, Colzani, Edoardo, additional, Pastore Celentano, Lucia, additional, and Hanquet, Germaine, additional

Published
2022
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48. Efficacy and effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination in adults – a second update of the literature. The review is a collaboration between Public Health Institutes in Norway, Sweden and Denmark

Author

Askeland Winje, Brita, Berild, Jacob Dag, Vestrheim, Didrik Frimann, Denison, Eva Marie-Louise, Lepp, Tiia, Roth, Adam, Storsæter, Jann, Valentiner-Branth, Palle, and Slotved, Hans-Christian

Subjects
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Senior, Lungebetennelse, Pneumococcal vaccines, Pneumonia, Pneumococcus, Eldre, Pneumokokkinfeksjoner, Pneumococcal Infections, Aged
Abstract

Introduction Young children, elderly and persons with weakened immune systems are at high risk of acquiring invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumococcal pneumonia. Two different vaccines have been used for the prevention of pneumococcal disease in adults: a 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23), and a 13-valent conjugated vaccine (PCV13). New higher-valency pneumococcal conjugate vaccines have been licensed for use in adults 18 years or older based on immunogenicity data. No clinical effectiveness data are so far available, and these vaccines are not part of this report. Methods The report covers publications on PCV13 and PPV23 efficacy and effectiveness from 2000 until February 2021 from randomized controlled trials and observational studies. Outcomes include invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumococcal pneumonia. Results A total of 32 publications are included: 22 publications on PPV23 effectiveness, nine publications on PCV13 effectiveness and one publication reporting PPV23 and PCV13 effectiveness. No study compared the effectiveness of PPV23 and PCV13 head-to-head. One large trial with overall healthy elderly dominates the evidence for PCV13 efficacy and effectiveness. The evidence for PPV23 vaccine effectiveness, on the other hand, is based on trials of moderate quality and several observational studies. Differences in populations, study designs and time since vaccination makes it difficult to summarize available evidence into single quantitative measures. The vaccine effectiveness of PPV23 in preventing invasive pneumococcal disease was consistent with past systematic reviews and similar to the estimates that have been reported for PCV13 efficacy and effectiveness. Consistent effects were reported across observational studies and ecological studies of surveillance data for the general elderly population. PCV13 seems to provide better protection than PPV23 against vaccine-type invasive pneumococcal disease (for serotypes common to PCV13 and PPV23). We found both PPV23 and PCV13 to be effective in preventing pneumococcal pneumonia in elderly at comparable levels. The PPV23 vaccine effectiveness was higher in clinical trials than observational studies, possibly reflecting a shorter follow-up time and a more limited impact of waning immunity. Both PPV23 and PCV13 showed generally lower effectiveness with increasing age for all outcomes and in groups with immunocompromising conditions. Overall, significant VE was not shown for immunocompromised groups. Conclusion This report shows that both PCV13 and PPV23 provide prevention for invasive disease and pneumococcal pneumonia in the elderly. The overall body of evidence shows PPV23 effectiveness at a level comparable to PCV13. This finding is of paramount importance for public health due to the high pneumococcal pneumonia disease burden. The serotype distribution in carriage and disease is important to consider for the impact of vaccination. The currently low proportion of patients falling ill with serotypes included in PCV13 suggests limited potential for prevention from adult PCV13 vaccination. Well-designed and serotype specific randomized controlled trials are important to improve evidence.

Published
2022

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