Search

Copyright of Neurologie Pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Socioterapy / Journal Socioterapie is the property of Linguo-Cultural & Translation-Interpretation Centre of Excellence at the Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Intellectual Property / Dusevne Vlastnictvo is the property of Industrial Property Office of the Slovak Republic and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Air pollution is currently considered a major public health problem responsible for increasing morbidity and mortality. Polluted air contributes to the global burden of respiratory and allergic diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia and possibly tuberculosis. Deteriorated air quality is closely linked to the amount of anthropogenic emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere. These have different origins – from industrial and energy sources, through emissions from transport to small sources from local household heating. Air pollution is a heterogeneous mixture of compounds that includes ozone, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, liquids, volatile organic compounds, heavy metals and solid particles. In this paper, we monitored the development of air pollution by selected emissions in the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic. We obtained data from the OECD database for the years 2000–2018. We monitored particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), NMVOC (non-methan volatile organic compounds), NOX (nitrogen oxides), SOX (sulphur oxides) and CO (carbon monoxide). We also compared total emissions per country in terms of per capita. In the monitored period, we found an overall declining trend in the production of emissions of particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides, carbon monoxide and non-methane volatile organic compounds in the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zdravotnícke Študie is the property of Catholic University in Ruzomberok and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The rapid and unexpected arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a global health and economic crisis. However, although the crisis itself is a global phenomenon, there are significant differences between countries in the impact of the pandemic on the economic performance of each country. The aim of the paper was to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performance of the Slovak economy through the expenditure method of calculating the gross domestic product. In the analytical part, we used the annual data of the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic for the period 2000 to 2020. In the case of quarterly data, the period Q1/2018 to Q2/2021 entered to the analysis, i.e. the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2020, there was a year-on-year decline in gross domestic product at constant prices by 5.2%, but the Slovak economy managed to catch up with losses from the second wave of the pandemic in the second quarter of 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Slovak food industry has offered products of the high quality for a long time. These products are competitive not only at domestic but even at foreign markets. The aim of the paper is to analyze the impact of the Slovak republic intehgration on the foreign business activities of the food industry in the Slovak republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the country, agricultural land is an irreplaceable resource for the production of food and raw materials. Changes in the structure of epigeic groups reflect changes in the ecological status of habitats and response to the environmental pressure that affects them (e.g., intensification of cultivation, impact of herbicides and pesticides, agrotechnics, largescale and monoculture areas). The aim of this research is to assess the influence of seven different agricultural crops (Pisum sativum, Triticum aestivum, T. spelta, Hordeum vulgare, Zea mays, Brassica napus, grass mixture) and environmental variables (pH soil, soil moisture, light conditions, soil fertility) on the dispersion of epigeic groups. Between 2018 and 2020, 40,194 individuals belonging to 22 taxonomic groups collected by pitfall traps were recorded in the observed crops. Our results provide new information on the preference of epigeic groups for some agricultural crops such as the grass mixture (P=0.0096), Hordeum vulgare (P=0.0166), Zea mays (P=0.025), and Pisum sativum (P=0.045). The dispersion was also affected by soil fertility (P=0.032), soil humidity (P=0.012), light (P=0.042) and pH soil (P=0.046). In the beetles model group with the highest number of individuals, the trend of increasing number of individuals with increasing values of potassium (r = 0.631), phosphorus (r = 0.566), nitrogen (r = 0.641), soil moisture (r = 0.572), and light (r = 0.9962) using a regression model was recorded. The neutral pH of the soil (r = 0.6212) was optimal for beetle coenoses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article includes two parts focused on the development and characteristics of globalization of retail on a global scale and in Slovakia. Retail is one of the dynamically developing sectors of the economy. Progress mainly refers to the changes in shopping habits and shopping behaviour of consumers, which have their own characteristics and are reflected in social, economic or cultural changes. The changes in political conditions and economic growth regarding the globalization of retail have led to the changes in consumer behaviour and consequently to the emergence of the phenomenon of consumer society. Based on the presented content, it is possible to point out a possible change in the expansion of retail formats in terms of sales floor area for the observed period of 1993-2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pedagogická Orientace is the property of Pedagogicka Orientace and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) account for a significant proportion of cardiovascular deaths. Precise information on age-specific case fatality rate (lethality) in elderly patients with ACS in Slovakia is missing. This study aimed to assess the temporal changes in the early and mid-term lethality of elderly patients during the last decade. Patients and methods: Based on the data from the Slovak "Registry of the Acute Coronary Syndrome" (part of the "National Registry of Diseases of the Circulatory System") we have analysed the 30-day lethality and 1-year lethality of patients with ACS in the years 2010, 2015 and 2018. During these years data from 13 155 ACS cases were recorded. Patients aged =65 years represented 57.1% of all cases. Results: In patients aged =65 years suffering from ACS the 30-day and 1-year lethality were 13.1% and 24.3%, respectively. We have confirmed a significantly and continuously increasing lethality with advanced age incl. those older than 60 years. After the age of 80 the differences between 30-day and 1-year lethality increased in 2018, mainly due to increase of the latter. This observation points out to the unmet need of improving out-patients management of elderly patients in first year post ACS. Most importantly, the presented data clearly demonstrate a significant decrease in lethality of ACS in the years 2010 to 2018, which was most impressive in elderly patients: their 30-day lethality decreased from 14.3% to 9.7% and 1-year lethality from 25.4% to 18.1%. Conclusion: The observed important decrease of both early and mid-term lethality among elderly patients with ACS is a highly appreciated improvement of the efficacy of cardiovascular healthcare in Slovakia during the last decade. We presume that this achievement reflects mainly the improved accessibility of interventional coronary reperfusion also for the elderly population. Precise data on prognosis of patients with ACS is essential for a targeted improvement of care for patients with ACS, most of whom are elderly. This aim represents an integral part of efforts to decrease the high rate of avoidable deaths in Slovakia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Sting is the property of Akademie STING, o.p.s. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Listy Cukrovarnicke a Reparske is the property of VUC Praha a.s. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The authors describe the conditions of the origin and development of the Slovak Psychiatric Association of the Slovak Medical Association and analyse its activities from its establishment to the present. Attention is paid to professional organizations that have been its predecessors and created the conditions for the activities of the Slovak Psychiatric Association as an independent professional association. Slovak doctors, including psychiatrists, were associated in the Central Unity of Czechoslovak Doctors during the first Czechoslovak Republic. The oldest psychiatric association in the former Czechoslovakia was the Purkynés Association for the study of Psyche and Nerves, which was founded in 1918 and some of its activities were performed in Slovakia - until the establishment of the first Slovak Republic in 1939. The cooperation with Purkyne's association was interrupted as a result of political changes during the period of the Slovak State. The Association of Physicians of the Slovak Republic was established, where psychiatrists could also be involved. Later the main functions of the association were taken over by the Medical Chamber. In 1949, the Czechoslovak Medical Association of J. E. Purkyně began to work in the renewed State. The original Purkyněs Association for Studying Psyche and Nerves became integrated expert section of the Czechoslovak Medical Association and later on divided into two separate sections: neurological and psychiatric. In Slovakia, during 1952-1953, Slovak branches of the mentioned sections were created, which was organized by the Slovak Committee of the Czechoslovak Medical Association of J. E. Purkyně in Bratislava. The Slovak Psychiatric Association was founded in 1969 as part of the changes that took place during efforts about the federal arrangement of the State. Analogously to other institutions, the Czechoslovak Psychiatric Association was established in Prague composed of both national association in 1969. The newly created association represented the Czechoslovak psychiatry at domestic and foreign events until 1992, to the division of the Czechoslovak republic into two separate republics. In 1993 the Czechoslovak Psychiatric Association was divided into national associations. The Slovak Psychiatric Association of the Slovak Medical Association - already as a separate professional association - continued to professionally and methodically cover the discipline. The association has been involved and is currently organizing scientific and professional events, forming a concept of psychiatry, preparing opinions on current issues, postgraduate education and other activities. Finally, it is actively cooperating with other professional association in the specific field, including foreign ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Projustice is the property of Business Intelligence Club, o.z. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The presented study deals with the period of 1938-1945 in Slovakia and the regime, which was governed in this territory. A regime of one state party -- Hlinka's Slovak People's party was established 6th of October 1938, when Slovakia was still in a joint state with the Czechs. The regime survived until the end of the war and renewal of Czechoslovakia in 1945. The Slovak territory, respectively separate Slovak republic since March 1939, underwent several evolutional stages in the period, especially in the intentions of establishing a relationship with Nazi politics. The first period of the regime was characteristic with the fight of two groups over the shape and the course of the state. Aft er the Nazi intervention in the year 1940, the regime started to follow the Nazi politics more. A Slovak variation of national socialism was supposed to be put into practise. Nazi consultants from Germany were sent to Slovakia and the state was gradually under the German influence. The culmination of the phase was especially the tragic Final Solution to the Jewish Question. Preparation of armed uprising in Slovakia started when the German army started to be unsuccessful. The uprising burst out on 29th of August 1944 and it also commenced the last phase of the regime which was characteristic by a factual occupation of Slovakia by Germany. This part was lasted until April 1945, when they evacuated last German units from Slovakia and Czechoslovakia was renewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Constantine's Letters / Konštantínove Listy is the property of Institute for Research of Constantine & Methodius's Cultural Heritage and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Non-smoking promotion including assistance in quitting, should be provided by qualified health professionals. The aim of the research was to find a level of effectiveness of the implementation of non-smoking promotion in counseling centers for smoking cessation at the Regional Public Health Authorities (RPHA). Material and Methods: Data were obtained from the representatives of the advisory smoking cessation centers (ASC) at RPHA contacted by email request. The request was sent to all 34 ASC in the Slovak Republic, of which 94.1% (n = 32) responded. Data were collected from March 2013 until January 2014. Results: 93.6% of ASC use the smokerlyzer, only 51.6 % use the spirometer, and only 6 % ASC's own specialized equipment for the objectification of smoking habits. Up to 69 % ASC's reported no cooperation with general practicioners (GP's). Up to 53% of the ASC reported the main problem in providing counseling, reported up to 53% of the ASC, to be the problem with motivation and self-discipline of clients. 25% of the ASC's reported inadequate personnel and material equipment. Discussion: The effectiveness of the implementation of the promotion of non-smoking by counseling centers for smoking cessation is insufficient. The main problems in providing advice in ASC included problems with motivation of patients, low level of cooperation with general practicioners or insufficient material-technical equipment and staffing, especially a psychologist. Conclusion: In practice, for better help and higher motivation of patients to stop smoking, it would be helpful to add sufficient equipment for the objectification of smoking habits, staffing in the form of a psychologist, legally regulated cooperation between ASC's and general practitioners, or partial reimbursement of medicaments, for example, nicotine replacement therapy by health insurance groups. We suppose that by these means we can achieve many health and economic benefits for society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The collection of damselflies and dragonflies (Odonata) of Lubomír Brejcha is currently deposited in the Department of Entomology, National Museum in Prague and includes 1,355 adults and 1 exuviae. The collection includes a total of 56 species of damselflies and dragonflies, mainly from the Czech Republic and other Central European countries (Slovakia, Hungary, and Poland). Most of the material was collected during the years 1962-1985 and 1988-1991. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presented article is focused on concept of career competencies. The aim of the research was to find a relationships between career competencies and career success. Career competencies was meaasured by the Career Competencies Indicator (CCI). Four indicators of subjective and objective career success were examined, namely, career satisfaction, perceived employability, salary and number of promotions. The sample consisted of 206 employed people with an average age of 29.45. Correlation Coefficients and Multiple Hierarchical Linear Regression was used to statistical data analysis. The results showed a significant positive relationship between career competencies and career satisfaction, perceived employability, and the number of promotions. The results of research support the importance of career competencies for successful career development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archeologia Technica is the property of Technical Museum in Brno and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Monogenic obesity is caused by a mutation in on of the genes regulating leptin-melanocortin pathway, which is playing a key role by maintaining energetic homeostasis of organism, mainly inducing a feeling of satiety. Aim: The aim of this work is to conclude results of DNA analysis of monogenic obesity in laboratorium DIABGENE in years 2009-2015. This work is focused on etiology and epidemiology of the most frequent types of monogenic obesity in children. Patients and methods: DNA analysis of varios genes was performed together in 565 patients with a clinical suspicion of monogenic obesity to date. The suggested most frequent type of monogenic obesity (due to a mutation in melanocortin receptor 4 gene - MC4R) was analysed in 268 patients with obesity onset up to 11. years, without other specific clinical signs. In patients with more specific clinical signs (endocrinopathies, infections, decreased growth, red hair, hypocorticism and other) was performed DNA analysis of other genes (SIM1, LEP, LEPR, POMC) causing monogenic obesity. Results: We have found 2 probands (0.7%) with a MC4R mutation in our study. One mutation was found in SIM1 gene and no mutations in LEP, LEPR and POMC gene to date, reffering Slovakia to European countries with probably the lowest prevalence of monogenic obesity. Conclusion: Monogenic obesity is a rare cause of childhood obesity in Slovakia, however searching and diagnosing of these patients is very important, because of the need of specific management as well as real possibility of causal treatment today or in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate Criminal Liability - Comparing the Czech Republic and Slovakia The author compares the legislation on corporate criminal liability in the Czech Republic under the Act no. 418/2011 Sb., on Corporate Criminal Liability and the proceedings against legal persons in its latest amendment which was made by the Act no. 183/2016 Sb., with the legislation in Slovakia under the new Act no. 1/2011 Zb., which came into effect on 1st July 2016. The author argues that both laws are based on the same principle of genuine corporate criminal liability. Both countries have adopted the concept of corporate criminal liability which is derived from the conduct of natural persons - the representatives of legal entities. In both states, the criminal liability of legal persons is independent of the liability of natural persons and, at the same time, it is parallel to it. Legal and natural persons may be prosecuted for the same actions. The Czech legislation on corporate criminal liability is stricter. It follows from the personal applicability of the Czech legislation and from the scope of criminalization of corporate conduct which is much broader. The Slovak legislation is more advanced, in a juridical sense, on the issue of transition of criminal responsibility to a legal successor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pravnik is the property of Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of State & Law and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Jednou z možností rozvoja cezhraničných regiónov je cezhraničná spolupráca. Cezhraničná spolupráca pozdĺž slovensko-českej hranice je v dôsledku viacerých skutočností (spoločná minulosť v rámci jedného štátneho útvaru, historické väzby, podobnosť jazyka a kultúry) špecifická. Spolupráca sa realizovala aj v minulosti, avšak nové formy a intenzitu nadobudla po rozdelení a vyhlásení samostatnosti Českej a Slovenskej republiky a v súvislosti s možnosťou čerpať podporu z nástrojov EÚ na cezhraničnú spoluprácu v rámci predvstupového (po roku 2003) a programových období 2004-2006 a 2007-2013. V súčasnosti sa cezhraničná spolupráca v slovensko-českom cezhraničnom regióne realizuje v súlade s Operačným programom Cezhraničná spolupráca SR-ČR 2007-2013 (OP CBC SK-CZ 2007-2013). Cieľom príspevku je poukázať na možnosti a stav implementácie OP CBC SK-CZ 2007-2013 a na nižšej hierarchickej úrovni vyhodnotiť predpoklady samospráv obcí TSK a prihraničných samosprávnych krajov (Trnavský, Trenčiansky, Žilinský) na cezhraničnú spoluprácu. Výsledky výskum poukázali na nižšiu intenzitu čerpania finančných prostriedkov z OP CBC SK-CZ 2007-2013. Príčinami sú najmä nedostatok skúseností samospráv so žiadosťou o dotáciu a implementáciou cezhraničných projektov a náročná administrácia projektov. Nezanedbateľné je dlhé obdobie potrebné na overenie finančných nákladov projektových aktivít, čo dostáva obce do problémov so spolufinancovaním projektov a prejavuje sa aj nízkym záujmom obcí uchádzať sa o nové projekty.

This article deals with the question of how the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union influences national legal (constitutional) order of a Member State, with specific regard to the Slovak Republic. The authors analyse the law-making process of the National Council of the Slovak Republic. Furthermore, they consider, briefly, the case law of the Constitutional Court of the Slovak Republic and the Supreme Court of the Slovak Republic concerning the Charter of Fundamental Rights. The authors conclude that the Charter of Fundamental Rights has still not been accorded its proper constitutional status in proceedings before the supreme courts of the Slovak Republic; nor does the National Council devote as much attention to the Charter of Fundamental Rights as it deserves as part of primary law of the European Union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anthropologia Integra is the property of Masaryk University, Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Linguistic rights represent a key element of the minority rights protection system in Slovakia. Both the use of minority languages in relation to state authorities and in displaying the topographical indications are allowed. The rights are nevertheless subject to several limitations which in fact make them inaccessible for a considerable part of the Slovak minority population. Some of the limitations seem reasonable. Other, however, shall be considered neither necessary, nor just, intensifying inequality among the Slovak citizens according to the language group they belong to. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of E-Pedagogium is the property of Palacky University in Olomouc and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper focuses on two main areas. The first is the comparison of countries, particularly in areas related to science, research and innovation. The second is related to the motivation of employees in science and research and cooperation between universities and firms (U-F). We present the theoretical basis and compare several parameters related to economic performance. It turns out that the Slovak economy faces two parallel trends: (1) in terms of competitiveness it is lagging behind the most advanced European economies in a larger number of parameters, and (2) compared with similar-size countries (the Czech Republic, Denmark and Finland) weaker performance is in areas related to U-F cooperation, innovation, science and research. Flexible combination of cooperation and competition; developing of overlapping labor markets and similar platforms linking the interests of both academia and industry would help to improve the situation. Despite partial improvements, the Slovak economy has significant untapped potential for improvement in monitored areas. The paper also presents some of the findings of empirical research among university lecturers and academic researchers (sample of respondents - 5200 researchers, 715 answered). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Social & Economic Revue is the property of Alexander Dubcek University of Trencin, Faculty of Social & Economic Relations and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studies of Socio-Economics & Humanities / Socioekonomické a Humanitní Studie is the property of College of Banking, Banking Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 2000, the UN agreed on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) - development is defined by eight clearly described priorities. Development can be seen as positive but also negative - depending on how development issues are covered and presented to the public - through media and audio-visual production. To describe the achieved progress to the Slovak public and to present an opinion on the effectiveness of development aid (for example in East Africa) is not easy. The offer of journalistic articles from news agencies or editors does not always respect an internal Code of Conduct (adopted by the editors of a particular publishing house) or Code of the use of images and messages (adopted by the national Platform of non-governmental development organizations). Development field workers, humanitarian workers and volunteers, as well as their sending organizations are not certain about the reason for producing and publishing the particular articles and images. They are not sure whether to inform the general public, to offer a particular service to sell, to fund-raise money, or just release the grant project's report. This paper presents the theoretical background and analysis of the current status of the interconnection of media production and development issues. There is also suggested a set of rules - how to cover situations and information from developing countries in the media, which should be respected while reporting the experience from developing countries in the mass media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of International Relations / Medzinarodne Vztahy is the property of University of Economics in Bratislava, Faculty of International Relations and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)