Search

Unlike in most laboratory settings, microbes in natural habitats often lack essential nutrients and withstand widely fluctuating or extreme temperatures; thus, laboratory studies fail to capture the widespread phenomenon of slowed or suspended lives of microbes manifested as, for example, in dormancy and quiescence. Quantitative, single-cell-level measurements and mathematical modeling are overcoming the challenges of observing and understanding slow dynamics of individual cells at long timescales. New conceptual, quantitative frameworks have re-defined and clarified microbes' suspended states, with dormancy defined as a continuous spectrum and antibiotic-induced growth-arrest defined into distinct states. Studying slowed and suspended growth in microbes revealed fundamental constraints to remaining viable without growing and limits to slowing a cell's life. Microbes in nature often lack nutrients and face extreme or widely fluctuating temperatures, unlike microbes in growth-optimized settings in laboratories that much of the literature examines. Slowed or suspended lives are the norm for microbes. Studying them is important for understanding the consequences of climate change and for addressing fundamental questions about life: are there limits to how slowly a cell's life can progress, and how long cells can remain viable without self-replicating? Recent studies began addressing these questions with single-cell-level measurements and mathematical models. Emerging principles that govern slowed or suspended lives of cells – including lives of dormant spores and microbes at extreme temperatures – are re-defining discrete cellular states as continuums and revealing intracellular dynamics at new timescales. Nearly inactive, lifeless-appearing microbes are transforming our understanding of life. Microbes in nature often lack nutrients and face extreme or widely fluctuating temperatures, unlike microbes in growth-optimized settings in laboratories that much of the literature examines. Slowed or suspended lives are the norm for microbes. Studying them is important for understanding the consequences of climate change and for addressing fundamental questions about life: are there limits to how slowly a cell's life can progress, and how long cells can remain viable without self-replicating? Recent studies began addressing these questions with single-cell-level measurements and mathematical models. Emerging principles that govern slowed or suspended lives of cells– including lives of dormant spores and microbes at extreme temperatures – are re-defining discrete cellular states as continuums and revealing intracellular dynamics at new timescales. Nearly inactive, lifeless-appearing microbes are transforming our understanding of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In vitro propagation, cold preservation, and cryopreservation are three essential approaches to preserve the genetic resources of red-listed plants, including English yew (Taxus baccata L.). Different concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) and different pre-treatments of cold preservation and cryopreservation are the prerequisites of these three approaches. Apical bud as explant and Murashige and Skoog (MS) as the culture medium for all three sections of the research, kinetin (Kin) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) as PGRs for the micropropagation section, and encapsulation-dehydration as pre-treatment for the sections of cold preservation and cryopreservation were used. The results of the micropropagation section indicated that the highest number of shoots (5.40 per explant) and roots (5.98 per explant) were obtained from the culture of the explants on the media containing 1 mg L-1 IBA together with 1 and 2 mg L-1 Kin, respectively. The results of the cold preservation section revealed that the highest percentage of survival of germplasms (100%) after storage in the refrigerator was observed in the apical buds pre-treated by dehydration of encapsulated explants with 0.75 M sucrose for two hours, followed by dehydration under a laminar airflow cabinet for two hours. The results of the cryopreservation section demonstrated that the highest percentage of survival of germplasms (100%) after storage in liquid nitrogen was obtained in the apical buds pre-treated by encapsulation-dehydration under a laminar airflow cabinet for two hours. At the acclimatization stage, 100% of the plantlets acclimatized suitably with ex vitro conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Informacion Tecnica Economica Agraria is the property of Asociacion Interprofesional para el Desarrollo Agrario (AIDA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the carcass characteristics of male and female broilers from the free-range strains Carijó and Label Rouge. A total of 168-day-old chicks from the two strains were used and distributed in a completely randomized design, following a 2 x 2 factorial scheme. The factors considered were sex (males and females) and strain (Carijó and Label Rouge), with seven replications and 12 birds in each experimental unit (six males and six females). Significant differences were observed between the sexes (p<0.05), with male broilers exhibiting higher live weight at slaughter, as well as greater weights of whole and marketable carcasses and cuts (thigh, drumstick, and wing), irrespective of strain. Among the female birds, those from the Label Rouge strain displayed higher yields of wings, whole carcasses, and marketable cuts compared to Carijó females (p<0.05). Additionally, thigh yield was higher in males, while breast yield was higher in females (p<0.05). Label Rouge birds also demonstrated significantly higher breast and thigh yields (p<0.05). Broilers from the Label Rouge strain showed better results for carcass and cuts yield than Carijó birds, as well as male broilers obtained better results than females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]