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The Department of Justice's March 21 antitrust lawsuit against Apple has drawn praise (Feiner 2024) and sharp criticism (Abbott 2024; Rinehart 2024). (1) One of us (Shughart 2024) blasted the [...]

In this study, we aim to implement an intelligent automatic notification system based on Bluetooth beacons and smartphones to prevent accidents caused by children being left in vehicles while commuting to school during summer or winter. This is a problem that is emerging as safety accidents occur owing to negligence in vehicles. Although teachers solutions, such as checking children’s attendance, safety accidents occur freq uently every year. Because the continuous occurrence of safety accidents, parents’ anxiety about accidents is increasing, and various accident prevention measures are being developed to solve this problem. However, these methods are difficult to implement as teachers have to manage a large number of children. To solve this problem, this study implements an intelligent automatic notification system based on Bluetooth beacons and smartphones. This notification system attaches a relatively low-power Bluetooth beacon to the child’s belongings to recognize boarding and disembarking using the teacher’s smartphone, and sends a message to the parent’s smartphone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile technology usage has become a common part of everyday life. Smartphones have not only become a communication source for news, talking, texting, searching the web and more; but they have become a part of our culture. This study sought to determine how mobile phone acceptance and users' perceptions of socially acceptable styles of communication using mobile phones have changed. The researchers have conducted a study comparing results from 2010 to 2023. Results from 293 participants from the 2023 study were analyzed to show how mobile technology has changed our culture over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The detection and characterisation of electromagnetic signals within a specific frequency range, known as spectrum sensing, plays a crucial role in Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs). The CRNs aim to adapt their communication parameters to the surrounding radio environment, thereby improving the efficiency and utilisation of the available radio spectrum. Spectrum sensing is particularly important in device‐to‐device (D2D) communication when operating independently of the cellular network infrastructure. The Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol coordinates device communication and ensures interference‐free operation of the CRN coexisting with the primary cellular network. A spectrum sensing strategy at the MAC layer for cognitive D2D communication. The strategy focuses on reducing the overall sensing period allocated at the MAC layer by having each Cognitive D2D User (cD2DU) sense a smaller subset of available channels while maintaining the same sensing time for cellular user detection at the physical layer. To achieve this, the concept of concurrent groups of D2D devices is introduced in proximity, which are formed by using unique IDs of cD2DUs during the device discovery stage. Each concurrent group senses a specific portion of the cellular user band in a shorter time, resulting in a reduced overall sensing period. In addition to mitigating traffic congestion through data diversion from the cellular network, the proposed strategy facilitates the concurrent sensing of multiple channels by cD2DUs within the underutilised cellular user band. This leads to extended data transmission periods, increased network throughput, and effective offloading of the cellular network. The effectiveness of the proposed work is evaluated by considering factors, such as network throughput and transmission time. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the approach in improving spectrum utilisation and communication efficiency in multi‐channel Cognitive D2D Networks (cD2DNs).

Abstract Measurement of the cervical range of motion (CROM) is significant for early diagnosis of cervical spondylosis and determination of the severity of the disease. Aiming at the problem of convenient and continuous measurement of CROM and the reduction of the impact of data fluctuations, this paper proposes a low‐cost method for testing and analyzing CROM. This paper analyzes the correspondence between smartphone orientation sensor angle and CROM, obtains smartphone orientation sensing data, and uses the extreme‐point symmetric mode decomposition method by calculating the energy of the difference value to extract the adaptive global mean curve of the CROM data, and calculates the cervical ROM. The statistical analysis of the CROM test results is carried out. Results show that the method proposed can obtain the CROM including flexion and extension, lateral flexion, and rotation in a single measurement, which has the advantages of continuous measurement and low cost.

The detection and characterisation of electromagnetic signals within a specific frequency range, known as spectrum sensing, plays a crucial role in Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs). The CRNs aim to adapt their communication parameters to the surrounding radio environment, thereby improving the efficiency and utilisation of the available radio spectrum. Spectrum sensing is particularly important in device‐to‐device (D2D) communication when operating independently of the cellular network infrastructure. The Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol coordinates device communication and ensures interference‐free operation of the CRN coexisting with the primary cellular network. A spectrum sensing strategy at the MAC layer for cognitive D2D communication. The strategy focuses on reducing the overall sensing period allocated at the MAC layer by having each Cognitive D2D User (cD2DU) sense a smaller subset of available channels while maintaining the same sensing time for cellular user detection at the physical layer. To achieve this, the concept of concurrent groups of D2D devices is introduced in proximity, which are formed by using unique IDs of cD2DUs during the device discovery stage. Each concurrent group senses a specific portion of the cellular user band in a shorter time, resulting in a reduced overall sensing period. In addition to mitigating traffic congestion through data diversion from the cellular network, the proposed strategy facilitates the concurrent sensing of multiple channels by cD2DUs within the underutilised cellular user band. This leads to extended data transmission periods, increased network throughput, and effective offloading of the cellular network. The effectiveness of the proposed work is evaluated by considering factors, such as network throughput and transmission time. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the approach in improving spectrum utilisation and communication efficiency in multi‐channel Cognitive D2D Networks (cD2DNs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measurement of the cervical range of motion (CROM) is significant for early diagnosis of cervical spondylosis and determination of the severity of the disease. Aiming at the problem of convenient and continuous measurement of CROM and the reduction of the impact of data fluctuations, this paper proposes a low‐cost method for testing and analyzing CROM. This paper analyzes the correspondence between smartphone orientation sensor angle and CROM, obtains smartphone orientation sensing data, and uses the extreme‐point symmetric mode decomposition method by calculating the energy of the difference value to extract the adaptive global mean curve of the CROM data, and calculates the cervical ROM. The statistical analysis of the CROM test results is carried out. Results show that the method proposed can obtain the CROM including flexion and extension, lateral flexion, and rotation in a single measurement, which has the advantages of continuous measurement and low cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical rating scales can be used to assess the severity of bipolar disorder; however, their use involves clinician–patient interactions, which is labor-intensive. Therefore, this study proposes a digital-phenotyping-based system that provides clinical ratings of bipolar disorder severity using global positioning system, self-scale, daily mood, user emotion, sleep time, and multimedia data; these ratings are given on Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). A K-nearest-neighbor-based imputation method was used to handle missing data. In this method, missing data points are filled in with the multiple correlations between different features. Furthermore, the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (Lasso)-regression-based multilayer perceptron (Lasso-MLP) method was adopted to predict the total and factor scores on the HAM-D and YMRS. Five-fold cross-validation were used in evaluation experiments. When the designed data imputation method was used with Lasso-MLP, the mean square errors of the total score and average factor score on HAM-D (the YMRS) were 0.56 (0.38) and 1.88 (0.98), respectively, which were smaller than the corresponding values obtained through Lasso regression (by 0.12 and 0.05, respectively, for HAM-D and by 0.12 and 0.10, respectively, for the YMRS). The experimental results also indicated that the models trained with the imputed data outperformed those trained without imputed data. Thus, the developed approaches can eliminate the missing data problem and provide accurate clinical ratings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on a naturalistic study investigating the effects of routine driving on cardiovascular activation. We recruited 21 healthy young adults from a broad geographic area in the Southwestern United States. Using the participants’ own smartphones and smartwatches, we monitored for a week both their driving and non-driving activities. Monitoring included the continuous recording of 1) heart rate throughout the day, 2) hand motion during driving as a proxy of persistent texting, and 3) contextualized driving data, complete with traffic and weather information. These high temporal resolution variables were complemented with the drivers’ biographic and psychometric profiles. Our analysis suggests that anxiety predisposition and high speeds are associated with significant cardiovascular activation on drivers, likely linked to sympathetic arousal. Surprisingly, these associations hold true under good weather, normal traffic, and with experienced drivers behind the wheel. The said findings call for attention to insidious effects of apparently benign drives even for people in their prime. Accordingly, our research contributes to intriguing new discourses on driving affect and personal health informatics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Due to its open source and large user base, Android has emerged as the most popular operating system. Android's popularity and openness have made it a prime target for malicious attackers. Permissions have received great attention from researchers because of their effectiveness in restricting applications' access to sensitive resources. However, existing malware detection methods based on permissions are easily bypassed by inter‐application resource access. To address these issues, we combine inter‐application resource access‐related intent features with permission features. Besides, we designed a customized convolutional neural network using two squeeze‐and‐excitation blocks to learn the inherent relationships between multi‐type features. The two basic SE blocks perform squeezing operations based on average pooling and max pooling, respectively, to compute channel‐wise attention from multiple perspectives. We designed a series of experiments based on real‐world samples to evaluate the efficacy of the proposed framework. Empirical results demonstrate that our framework outperforms state‐of‐the‐art methods, achieving an accuracy of 96.29%, precision of 97.52%, recall of 94.63%, F1‐score of 96.06% and MCC of 92.60%. These promising experimental results consistently demonstrate that AMERDroid is an effective approach for Android malware detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

My love affair with the iPhone began in 2009 with my first device--an iPhone 4. Compared to today's 15 Pro, the iPhone 4 was far less technically capable, but the [...]

'There's no such thing as a place better than Portugal.' --UNKNOWN One of the biggest dilemmas I face with each trip I take is which camera equipment will accompany J [...]