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Purpose – In a time of economic downfall a lot of companies choose to reduce corporate real estate (CRE) costs instead of aiming at more user-oriented CRE strategies. This also affects the budgets that are available for CRE. Therefore it is important that the organization of the CRE management (CREM)-department is optimally aligned with the CRE-strategy. This study provides CRE-managers with a tool for evaluating the organization of the CREM-department when applying the CRE-strategy of cost reduction. Design/methodology/approach – The formulated evaluation tool for the alignment of the organization of the CREM-department is a result of an explorative study. First a literature study was conducted which led to a theoretical model of factors that influence the organization of the CREM-department, with regard to five components: Organizational structure, Sourcing, Centralization, Process management and Company culture. Then empirical data was collected through interviews with two groups of respondents, namely CREM-departments who served as cases and CRE-consultants to hear their expert opinions. Cross-case analysis of the eight CREM-departments and a comparison of these results with the expert opinion of the consultants were used to look for links between the CREM department components and each CRE strategy. Findings – It was not possible to formulate links between every possible CRE strategy and the CREM-organization as most of the cases had implemented the same strategy, namely cost reduction. This did provide the opportunity to construct a clear evaluation model for this particular strategy. Not all the themes were aligned with the chosen CRE-strategy identically by all the CREM-departments with a cost reduction strategy, but many similarities came forward and were backed by the CREM experts. This was worked into an evaluation model on the alignment of the organization of the CREM-department with a cost reduction strategy. Research limitations/implications – The model developed is especially relevant for CREM-departments who have similar characteristics as the CREM-departments who served as cases: large companies with a division macro-organizational structure that apply the CRE-strategy of cost reduction. The evaluation model does not spell out exactly how the CREM organization should be managed and formed, but does provide insight in a number of main choices that can influence the organization of CREM. The purpose of the evaluation model is that the CREM department becomes aware of the consequences for the organization of CREM when implementing a cost reduction aimed CRE-strategy.

Voor u ligt de rapportage van het woonkostenonderzoek Veldhoven en Waalre. Voor de snelle lezers verwijzen we naar hoofdstuk 5 waarin het onderzoek wordt samengevat en de conclusies en aanbevelingen worden beschreven. Het onderzoek is uitgevoerd in 2012 en geeft inzicht in de kosten die huishoudens in Veldhoven en Waalre maken voor het wonen in brede zin. Het gaat hierbij om het geheel van woongerelateerde kosten van huurders en kopers. Het onderzoek is uitgevoerd in opdracht van woningcorporatie Aert Swaens en liep parallel met een soortgelijk onderzoek in Eindhoven.

Voor u ligt de rapportage van het woonkostenonderzoek Veldhoven en Waalre. Voor de snelle lezers verwijzen we naar hoofdstuk 5 waarin het onderzoek wordt samengevat en de conclusies en aanbevelingen worden beschreven. Het onderzoek is uitgevoerd in 2012 en geeft inzicht in de kosten die huishoudens in Veldhoven en Waalre maken voor het wonen in brede zin. Het gaat hierbij om het geheel van woongerelateerde kosten van huurders en kopers. Het onderzoek is uitgevoerd in opdracht van woningcorporatie Aert Swaens en liep parallel met een soortgelijk onderzoek in Eindhoven.

Voor u ligt de rapportage van het woonkostenonderzoek Eindhoven. Het onderzoek is uitgevoerd in 2012 en geeft inzicht in de kosten die Eindhovense huishoudens maken voor het wonen in brede zin. Het gaat hierbij om het geheel van woongerelateerde kosten van huurders en kopers. Het onderzoek is uitgevoerd in opdracht van de gezamenlijke woningcorporaties en de gemeente Eindhoven.

In real estate theory ‘place’ and ‘property’ are considered as two sides of a coin. ‘Place’ is seen as an artifact or as land, buildings and other fixed improvements on it. ‘Property’ is seen as the rights and duties of ownership. In this paper ‘place’ is conceived in a broader sense. Place is not merely a set of physical features, but – following Relph and Canter – comprises on the one hand observable activities and functions and on the other hand meanings and symbols as well. Activities refer to the behavior associated with, or intended to be housed in, a specific location. Meanings are related to people’s conceptions and descriptions of these activities in that physical environment. Besides, several scales can be distinguished (e.g. an estate, a neighborhood, etc.). This theoretical paper discusses the dialectical relation between place and property. It is stated that property has influence on, and is influenced by, all three dimensions of place. In order to be able to describe this relation we first will examine the concepts of place and property separately. After this, the relations between property and each of the three dimensions of place will be analyzed. Firstly, we will explore how property is related to the physical features of a given locus. Secondly, we go into the relation between activities and property in places. Finally, we will investigate the most complex dimension: the influence of property on the way users give meaning to their place. The paper ends with a discussion on the dialectical relation between place and property and the consequence for real estate management and development

In most Western countries, real estate markets undergo a shift from a supply orientation into a more demand oriented one. The voice of users/customers becomes increasingly important and suppliers have to adjust their methods of operation accordingly. This is not a straightforward adaptation and suppliers are generally in search of novel means to cope with a new situation, in which users or customers demand more control. Traditionally, research in the field of real estate tends to give somewhat more attention to the mutual relations between suppliers and real estate objects compared to those between users and objects.

A Brownfield is well described in various definitions and its redevelopment is seen as generating numerous benefits for the society. Further on, the existing literature covers a broad range of different aspects of the Brownfield redevelopment thus enhancing its different features. Still at present, there is no overview of the Brownfield features from the perspective of the real estate that focuses on the physical characteristics of the site and the legal-financial characteristics of the property, two fundamental elements of the Brownfield development. This paper contributes to the literature survey that was deployed based on this perspective. Additionally, it focuses on the features relevant to the Brownfield redevelopment that serves as an input for the Fuzzy Delphi technique that derived from the traditional Delphi method and Fuzzy Set Theory. The survey was deployed among experts that were grouped according to specific goals and tasks. This paper aims to find out if the different groups value the relevance of the Brownfield redevelopment features in the same way and what are the relevant features. Fuzzy Delphi technique is considered as an excellent tool to gather and abbreviate information for identifying the key features of the Brownfield redevelopment. Generating the custom data from the experts can directly have operational advantages as well since the available databases are often not sufficient to conduct analysis and derive conclusions on the Brownfield redevelopment.

The unification of the European Union progresses rapidly. Poland joined the European Union May 1, 2004, which meant that Polish inhabitants were free to migrate across Europe. Due to the Dutch and European legislation the Polish people are allowed to stay and work in the Netherlands without needing additional permits. In fact, their legal status equals that of Dutch natives. This situation creates an influx of Polish workers, also called labor immigrants, to the Netherlands.

In toenemende mate nemen woningaanbieders hun toevlucht tot leefstijlonderzoek in hun zoektocht naar een betere afstemming van vraag en aanbod op de woningmarkt. Vaak zijn de verwachtingen hierbij hoog gespannen. Maar zijn leefstijlen wel zo 'n solide basis voor het identificeren van doelgroepen, wensen en voorkeuren in het woondomein? Of is het segmenteren op basis van traditionele demografische en sociaal-economische variabelen net zo goed of zelfs beter te gebruiken om inzicht te krijgen in verschillen?

De ontwikkelingen op de woningmarkt maken een vraaggerichte benadering onvermijdelijk. Bij een vraaggerichte benadering wordt het aanbod beter afgestemd op de ontwikkelingen in de markt en worden de belangen van de klant centraal gesteld zonder die van andere belangenhouders uit het oog te verliezen, ten einde op lange termijn de organisatie renderend te houden. Deze vraaggerichte benadering heeft vorm gekregen in het strategische voorraadbeleid, ook wel strategisch asset management genoemd.

A Brownfield is well described in various definitions and supported the idea to redevelop while indentifying numerous benefits for the society. Further on, the existing literature covers a broad range of different aspects of the Brownfield redevelopment thus elaborating different features. Still at present, there is no overview of the Brownfield features from the perspective of the real estate that focuses on the physical characteristics of the place and legal - financial part of the property, two fundamental elements of the development. At first this paper contributes with the literature survey that was deployed based on this perspective. Additionally, it focuses on the features relevant for the Brownfield redevelopment that served as an input for the Fuzzy Delphi technique that derived from the traditional Delphi method and Fuzzy Set Theory. The survey was deployed among the experts that are grouped by specific goals and tasks. This paper aims to give an answer to the question if the different groups value the relevance of the Brownfield Redevelopment features same or not and what are they? Fuzzy Delphi technique is considered as an excellent tool to gather and abbreviate information for realizing the key features of the Brownfield redevelopment. This technique benefits on the operational dimension as well since accessing the relevant information through the huge database is often not accessible due to the different reasons.

Several important changes have recently influenced urban planning and redevelopment process. At first, the scope and scale of urban redevelopment projects increased. Secondly, a traditional linear planning process from government to the building industries has been replaced by public-private collaborations that changed the characteristics of the developer and governmental agencies; their roles play now the major influence in urban development processes. Therefore, an important cause for stagnation in redevelopment of Brownfield is the lack of consensus amongst key actors due to shared, overlapping concerns or individual conflicting interests. In particular, this research focuses at possible stagnation in relation to: (a) the features of a Brownfield, (b) the preferences of actor’s groups (c) the characteristics in the negotiation process between the two groups of actors. To structure the features a Fuzzy Delphi Method is used. Conjoint analysis provides an insight in the individual preferences of actor groups. The outcomes of the decision-making process are not only depending on an individual choice made, but also including the influence of the choices of an actor’s opponent. Therefore, we focus specifically on biding games (Game Theory) aiming on finding possible strategies in negotiations concerning Brownfield redevelopment. Based upon these findings, interaction between the selected actors will be simulated, calculated and modeled. The final outcomes of the research project will assist decision makers to predict possibility of stagnation and to overcome the challenges of conventional negotiation. The construction of alternative plan proposals within these models is a relative unstructured process. Little work has been done to develop models that systematically relate the characteristics of the Brownfield areas and redevelopment plans to the behavior of actors thereby giving an insight in the most important points of interest and in possible sources of conflicts.

One of the biggest challenges in urban areas is the redevelopment of brownfields. Most of the brownfield sites are currently not fully in use or even totally vacant, derelict or contaminated. They are not available for intended use without a drastic intervention. During the decision making process the developer has to deal with a complex environmental, economic, legal, social, and land use issues. Brownfield problems are not easily to resolve and the Real Estate Features (REFs) of these sites deserve special attention. The focus is on a complex decision making process during brownfield redevelopment as well as the selection of the critical REFs by the developer. Typical real estate development assumes the existence of the institutional factors enabling investment and rewards for undertaking a project and the urban infrastructure, together regarded as REFs. There are more than a thousand factors which should be checked before the land acquisition and more than a hundred risk types involved during the process of development. They are often overlapping in their context and content. This paper introduces a qualitative technique to relate this complexity with the decision of a specific stakeholder. Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is a market oriented technique for upgrading a product value. It is used as stepping point to realize basic requirements of developers and major features of Brownfield Redevelopment (BR) area giving insights about their relationship. Further on, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used as a supplement methodology for indentifying the key features. The findings - data collections, are based on interviews with professionals addressing their decision making process. We strongly support idea that using the mathematical oriented (scientific) tools will bring a step forward traditionally intuitive approach of the real estate business.

Door de verplaatsing van diverse economische activiteiten en het wegtrekken van invloedrijke ondernemingen ten gevolge van de-industrialisatie, zijn verschillende steden genoodzaakt nieuwe bronnen van economische activiteit aan te trekken. Branding van de stad wordt hierbij gezien als een belangrijk en effectief middel om dit te beïnvloeden. Het voorbeeld Eindhoven illustreert duidelijk deze ontwikkeling.

Van oudsher zijn steden de plekken geweest waar creativiteit ontstond. Steden beschikken veelal over de meest gediversifieerde productiemilieus, geven inzicht in de consumentenmarkten en bieden veel gelegenheid tot face-to-face-contacten. Steeds vaker wordt de creatieve industrie gezien als grondstof voor de stedelijke economie en ingezet als strategie voor de 'creative stad'. Veel gemeenten proberen een creatief image 'top down' te benaderen. Van bovenaf wordt geprobeerd een grootstedelijk imago te creeren voor een stad om zo creatieve industrie aan te trekken en te versterken. Maatregelen bij dit beleid zijn van een regisserend en sturend karakter.

Geen samenvatting.

Momenteel is er in Eindhoven sprake van een ingrjlpende transitie, van een 'maakindustrie' naar een 'kennisindustrie', met een toenemend belang van creativiteit en innovatie. De traditionele company-town ontwikkelt zich steeds meer tot één van de belangrijkste groeipolen, tot het centrum van de Nederlandse kenniseconomie. Diverse actuele ontwikkellngen op het gebied van de politiek en de onderliggende infrastructuur versterken en bevestigen deze transformatie. Dit blijkt onder andere uit de Nota Ruimte van VROM (2004), waarin Eindhoven als derde economische kernzone wordt gedefinieerd als 'brainport', naast de 'mainports' Amsterdam (Schiphol) en Rotterdam (haven). Deze transitie heett ingrijpende gevolgen voor het stedelijk leven en het stadsbeeld. De industriele stad van de twintigste eeuw stelde functionele eisen: verlaging van transactiekosten en een verbetering van leefomstandigheden van de werknemers. Brainport zal andere eisen stellen aan de stedelijke omgeving. Deze eisen voltrekken zich op drie terreinen: de productieomgeving, de stedelijke interactie en de stedelijke voorzieningen (Saris, 2005). Hier beperken we ons tot de stedelijke voorzieningen, de woonsituaties. Vraag is of deze voldoende zijn afgestemd op de 'kenniswerkers.'

The deterioration of small-scale shopping centres is an increasing problem in Dutch neighbourhoods. Because of consumers’ increased mobility and the decreased potential amount of spending within the catchments area, these small-scale shopping facilities are hardly exploitable. A clear vision on the future development is currently missing. Existing methods for measuring shopping centre vitality are based on the analysis of site qualities, like accessibility, and of financial-economic aspects like turnover, floor-productivity and costs. These methods focus on the possibility to continue the current retail function. Especially when checking the financial economic aspects, unfortunately most of the small centres would fail the test. Subsequently none of the methods offer a solution for the vacant or deteriorated real estate. Because of the value of the real estate and the function for the neighbourhood, this is a frustrating outcome while it would be too extreme to dismantle each centre that functions badly. In this paper we introduce a methodology by which alternative directions of development can be worked out, by making a site- as well as a situation-analysis. This alternative approach takes the absolute and the relative location into account and gives insight into the potential of the location and the real estate. The outcome is a set of solutions for redevelopment and brings along a whole package of facilities and services, both profit as non-profit, site- or situation oriented. This approach increases the range of solutions and decreases the chances for disinvestments.

Geen samenvatting.

De toenemende zorgvraag is een van de grootste uitdagingen voor het beleid en management omtrent wonen en zorg. Vanaf midden jaren 80 zijn daarbij 'wonen' en 'zorg' steeds meer gescheiden, teneinde de keuzevrijheid van de zorgbehoevende te vergroten. In dat kader zijn diverse woonzorgconcepten ontwikkeld. De laatste vijf jaar lijkt het antwoord op deze uitdaging gevonden in het concept van de zorgvriendelijke wijk: de woonzorgzone.

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Geen samenvatting.

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De toenemende vergrijzing is een van de grootste uitdagingen voor het beleid en management omtrent wonen en zorg. Vanaf midden jaren tachtig zijn daarbij 'wonen' en 'zorg' steeds meer gescheiden, teneinde de keuzevrijheid van de (zorgbehoevende) oudere te vergroten. In dat kader zijn diverse woonzorgconcepten ontwikkeld. De laatste vijf jaar lijkt het antwoord op deze uitdaging gevonden in het concept van de zorgvriendelijke wijk: de woonzorgzone. In deze zones zijn wonen en zorg niet alleen gescheiden, maar wordt tevens gestreefd naar een samenhang met welzijn en dienstverlening, vanuit de gedachte dat wanneer het welzijn van ouderen goed is, de zorgvraag pas later zal ontstaan. Daarom wordt ook wel gesproken over woonservicezone, een term die ook in dit artikel gebezigd zal worden. In de woonservicezone wordt ingespeeld op de vraag van ouderen naar wonen, welzijn en zorg, waardoor deze zo lang mogelijk zelfstandig kunnen blijven wonen, in hun eigen wijk en met het eigen sociale netwerk [Carton & Smeets, 2003]. Het concept lijkt helder, maar de ontwikkeling van woonservicezones gaat in de praktijk gepaard met veel problemen. Vraagsturing blijkt moeilijk en de implementatie van het concept gaat gepaard met veel struikelblokken en hindemissen. In dit artikel wordt ingegaan op de diverse aspecten van het concept en de implementatie ervan. In paragraaf 2 worden de diverse factoren besproken die de behoefte aan zorg, welzijn en dienstverlening beïnvloeden. In paragraaf 3 wordt gekeken naar verschillende concepten van ouderenhuisvesting in het buitenland. Daar is de vergrijzing al verder voortgeschreden en zijn diverse woonzorgconcepten ontwikkeld. Ook het concept van de woonservicezones vindt zijn oorsprong in het buitenland. Paragraaf 4 beschrijft het Nederlandse beleid en de verschillende concepten van ouderenhuisvesting, die in de loop der tijd ontstaan zijn. In paragraaf 5 wordt ingegaan op het concept van de woonservicezone. Het concept wordt nader bezien en er wordt ingegaan op de uitwerking ervan. Tevens wordt een aantal kanttekeningen geplaatst bij de uitwerking ervan. Paragraaf 6 beschrijft de verschillende partijen die een rol (kunnen) spelen bij de realisering van een woonservicezone. In paragraaf 7 wordt ingegaan op de implementatie van het concept en de succes- en faalfactoren daarbij. Tot slot wordt in paragraaf 8 de balans opgemaakt.

Creating customer value is the greatest challenge facing profit and non- profit landlords nowadays. By offering valuable products landlords can distinguish themselves from competitors in the housing market. In marketing literature two meanings exist for the phrase "customer value": value of a customer and value for the customer. As a matter of fact, this distinction refers to the traditional contrast between exchange value and the utility value of housing. One meaning is the value of a customer for the landlord. The customer as tenant is seen as an asset; as a potential source of income representing a certain value. The second meaning is value for the customer, created by the landlord by offering a bundle or package of qualities. Both forms of customer value are connected to each other. This paper deals with creating customer value in the second meaning. One of the ways to create superior value for a tenant is by extending the traditional product 'housing' with additional services. For this reason landlords in the Netherlands are developing all kinds of additional services, such as health care services, comfort services, safety and security services etc. The value adding potential of additional services must however not be overestimated. This article focuses on the possibilities and limitations of additional services to provide additional value to the traditional product of landlords: 'housing' (DOGGE, 2003).

This chapter is devoted to the disciplines within USOBuilt Graduate School as organized in International Research and Design Units, the fora where research and design at a (post)doctorate level is performed and taught. A fixed template was used to self-assess results and perspectives, consisting of mission & research area, coordination, seniors, focus, context (societal needs, partners’ excellences, problem definition, research agenda within the IRU and joint activities with other Units, joint development, and –if feasible- benchmarking and SWOT analysis. It appears that the units (IRU) are developing towards increased integration and focussing, but at varying speeds. Keywords: USO-built; disciplines; sustainable urban

USO-Built is a distributed Graduate Research School under the CLUSTER (www.cluster.org) umbrella with its own aim, high-quality research and educational programs. It focuses on teaching research at the PhD and MPhil-level, concerns the technological domains of science aiming at balanced and implicit sustainability (= integral sustainability perceived as a normal quality of design) for the Built Environment in its fullest sense, indoor and outdoor, and is directly USer-Oriented (USO). The environment is viewed as a technological and designed environment with major influence on quality of life. From the design point of view the space of everyday, the environment of most people’s lives, is the focus of USO-Built. From an organisational point of view the School is a structured network with bottom-up research processes and top-down steering to harmonize cultural and intersectoral diversities. The School has been established in May 2001, and is coordinated by the Technische Universiteit Eindhoven. Although the SWOT analysis shows a promising future, much work is still to be done to obtain a sustainable joint research school.

Society asks from our complex built environments a high level of sustainability. Sustainable development, when viewed from a monodisciplinary standpoint, contains a number of competing claims, especially when applied to needs and capabilities of users or consumers. A Balancing Sustainability (BaSus) model should be developed for built environments to reach implicit sustainability in the future to form the heart of USO-Built.

K. Doevendans, S. Hanrot 2003. Doctorates and the Berlin Declaration. USO-Built Report Series 2:11-17. The Berlin declaration of September 2003 has placed education for a doctorate even more strongly in the Bologna Process. This is also the case in domains, such as architecture, where the different countries of Europe are at variance as to the presence and content of such a degree. The meaning of this development for joint supervision and joint degrees within USO-Built summarizes the content of this chapter.

This International Research and Design Unit (IRU 2, formerly called Users, Managers & Producers) of USO-Built Graduate School concerns the life cycle of built environments: planning & programming, construction, exploitation & use, redevelopment (renovation, refurbishment, re-adaptation) & demounting (including recycling). Here technical and social sciences aim at incorporating functionalities and mechanisms at the meso level of spatiality in a macro level of structure and content; in short: life-time responsive production of products (such as buildings) and services. The expected building life-cycle and life-span, flexible use and industrial productions of buildings and building parts are taken into account. Forward-analysis simulation and evaluation is developed, including user-appreciation in relation to environmental and economical impact, to replace current backward life-cycle analysis. Forward analysis takes place before actual design, as part of the formulation of design requirements. The incorporation of views and results from other climatic regions, especially those with time-tested low-cost construction, results in statistical data useful for innovation. Research methodologies are mainly taken from the social and engineering sciences. Users are distributed among sociological groups that are defined empirically, such as the citizen, the worker, the dweller, and their representatives (policy makers, NGO leaders, etc.). Good, sustainable and profitable built environments are the ultimate goal. Three sub-themes exist in CMP, focussing on (i) User & Producer, (ii) User & Manager, and (iii) User & Redevelopment. CMP has found consensus for its mission, aims and focussing.

The developed practice within USOBuilt Graduate School is compared with the characteristics of research programs, research schools, research networks and PhD or doctorate schools. Problem issues are defined and formulated. How to formulate content and to develop a management concept of a successful school that is attractive for external funding is the aim of this chapter.

Research of built environments is both broad and fragmented, and lacks a common goal. Implicit knowledge is highly developed, leaving explicit knowledge behind. By recognizing the function and need of all research traditions to understand built environments: natural and technical sciences, social sciences and humanities, we could describe this understanding in 4 dimensions: intentional, structural, functional and instrumental. Using this model could strengthen explicit knowledge development.

Health and wellness of users as facilitated by built environments is the field of study of USO-Built’s International Research and Design Unit 3 (IRU 3). Built-in Quality of Life includes comfort technologies, as well as more general health and vitality preserving and stimulating strategies. Technical and natural sciences join forces to design and maintain intelligent built environments that increase vital and productive years in the human life-span. Modelling of health and comfort aspects of built environments is leading towards smart concepts of mixed automated and manual environmental control. Research methodologies are mainly taken from the natural and engineering sciences. Users are viewed as individuals. Ranges in needs, aspirations and capabilities are assessed and taken into account. Effective Universal Design through implemented ambient intelligence is the ultimate goal. Sub themes include: (i) Pro-active engagement to prevent potential personal capacity losses (Safe & Secure), (ii) Enhancement & Optimization of human options leading to increased comfort and productivity (Comfort Technology), and (iii) Compensation & Assistance for declining human capacities in general designs (Needs & Capabilities). BQL has found consensus for its mission, aims and focussing, and performed a preliminary SWOT analysis.