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3. Challenges associated with follow-up care after implementation of an HPV screen-and-treat program with ablative therapy for cervical cancer prevention

Author

Morse, Rachel M., Brown, Joanna, Ríos López, E. Jennifer, Prieto, Bryn A., Kohler-Smith, Anna, Gonzales Díaz, Karina, Figueredo Escudero, Magaly, Lenin del Cuadro, Daniel, Vásquez del Aguila, Giannina, Daza Grandez, Henrry, Meza‑Sánchez, Graciela, Tracy, J. Kathleen, Gravitt, Patti E., and Paz‑Soldan, Valerie A.

Published
2024
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8. Neurofilament light chain concentration mediates the association between regional medial temporal lobe structure and memory in adults with Down syndrome.

Author

DiProspero, Natalie, Nguyen, Dana, Andrews, Howard, Krinsky-McHale, Sharon, Brickman, Adam, Rosas, H, Lai, Florence, Head, Elizabeth, Janecek, John, Smith, Anna, Petersen, Melissa, Tustison, Nicholas, Silverman, Wayne, Lott, Ira, OBryant, Sid, Yassa, Michael, Doran, Eric, Keator, David, Hom, Christy, Mcmillan, Liv, Mapstone, Mark, and Sathishkumar, Mithra

Subjects
Alzheimers disease, Down syndrome, anterolateral entorhinal cortex, cognitive decline, dementia, episodic memory, hippocampus, medial temporal lobe, mild cognitive impairment
Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Virtually all people with Down syndrome (DS) develop neuropathology associated with Alzheimers disease (AD). Atrophy of the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex (EC), as well as elevated plasma concentrations of neurofilament light chain (NfL) protein, are markers of neurodegeneration associated with late-onset AD. We hypothesized that hippocampus and EC gray matter loss and increased plasma NfL concentrations are associated with memory in adults with DS. METHODS: T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were collected from 101 participants with DS. Hippocampus and EC volume, as well as EC subregional cortical thickness, were derived. In a subset of participants, plasma NfL concentrations and modified Cued Recall Test scores were obtained. Partial correlation and mediation were used to test relationships between medial temporal lobe (MTL) atrophy, plasma NfL, and episodic memory. RESULTS: Hippocampus volume, left anterolateral EC (alEC) thickness, and plasma NfL were correlated with each other and were associated with memory. Plasma NfL mediated the relationship between left alEC thickness and memory as well as hippocampus volume and memory. DISCUSSION: The relationship between MTL gray matter and memory is mediated by plasma NfL levels, suggesting a link between neurodegenerative processes underlying axonal injury and frank gray matter loss in key structures supporting episodic memory in people with DS.

Published
2024

14. Up Front: American Theaters Reflect on the Events of September 11

Author

Grinwis, Emmy, Hanlon, John J, Moore, Alice Rebecca, Romanska, Magda, Soloski, Alexis, Eustis, Oskar, Huggans, Amy, Findlay, Jim, Findlay, Iver, Smith, Anna Deavere, Foreman, Richard, Zizka, Blanka, Zizka, Jiri, Herskovits, David, Benson, Martin, Orchard, Rob, Nicola, Jim, McCauley, Robbie, Perloff, Carey, Malina, Judith, Reznikov, Hanon, Goralnick, Jerry, Monaghan, Megan, Field, Crystal, Lavey, Martha, Breuer, Lee, Collins, John, Smith, Molly, Paterson, Doug, Uno, Roberta, Martenson, Karen, O'Neal, John, Joseph, Melanie, Cocke, Dudley, and Talen, Bill

Published
2002

18. Prediction scoring of data-driven discoveries for reproducible research

Author

Smith, Anna L., Zheng, Tian, and Gelman, Andrew

Subjects
Statistics - Methodology
Abstract

Predictive modeling uncovers knowledge and insights regarding a hypothesized data generating mechanism (DGM). Results from different studies on a complex DGM, derived from different data sets, and using complicated models and algorithms, are hard to quantitatively compare due to random noise and statistical uncertainty in model results. This has been one of the main contributors to the replication crisis in the behavioral sciences. The contribution of this paper is to apply prediction scoring to the problem of comparing two studies, such as can arise when evaluating replications or competing evidence. We examine the role of predictive models in quantitatively assessing agreement between two datasets that are assumed to come from two distinct DGMs. We formalize a distance between the DGMs that is estimated using cross validation. We argue that the resulting prediction scores depend on the predictive models created by cross validation. In this sense, the prediction scores measure the distance between DGMs, along the dimension of the particular predictive model. Using human behavior data from experimental economics, we demonstrate that prediction scores can be used to evaluate preregistered hypotheses and provide insights comparing data from different populations and settings. We examine the asymptotic behavior of the prediction scores using simulated experimental data and demonstrate that leveraging competing predictive models can reveal important differences between underlying DGMs. Our proposed cross-validated prediction scores are capable of quantifying differences between unobserved data generating mechanisms and allow for the validation and assessment of results from complex models.

Published
2022

22. Reviews

Author

Smith, Anna, Duncan, Grant, and Cooper, Garrick

Published
2016

26. Associations of Prenatal First Trimester Essential and Nonessential Metal Mixtures with Body Size and Adiposity in Childhood.

Author

Smith, Anna, Lin, Pi-I, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl, Wright, Robert, Coull, Brent, Hivert, Marie-France, Hubbard, Alan, Oken, Emily, and Cardenas, Andres

Subjects
Child, Preschool, Adolescent, Female, Pregnancy, Humans, Child, Adiposity, Pregnancy Trimester, First, Cadmium, Body Size, Metals, Pediatric Obesity
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Prenatal nonessential metals may contribute to postnatal adiposity, whereas essential metals may have metabolic benefits. We evaluated joint and individual associations between prenatal metals and childhood adiposity. METHODS: We measured concentrations of six nonessential (arsenic, barium, cadmium, cesium, lead, and mercury) and four essential (magnesium, manganese, selenium, and zinc) metals in first trimester maternal blood from a prebirth cohort. We collected anthropometric measures in early childhood, mid-childhood, and early adolescence including subscapular+tricep skinfold thickness (mm) (N = 715-859), waist circumference (cm) (N = 717-882), and body mass index (BMI) (z-score) (N = 716-875). We measured adiposity in mid-childhood and early adolescence using bone densitometry total- and trunk- fat mass index (kg/m 2 ) (N = 511-599). We estimated associations using adjusted quantile g-computation and linear regression. RESULTS: The nonessential metal mixture was associated with higher total (β = 0.07, 95% CI = 0.01, 0.12) and trunk fat mass index (β = 0.12, CI = 0.02, 0.22), waist circumference (β = 0.01, CI = 0.00, 0.01), and BMI (β = 0.24, CI = 0.07, 0.41) in mid-childhood, and total fat mass index (β = 0.07, CI = 0.01, 0.14), and BMI (β = 0.19, CI = 0.02, 0.37) in early adolescence. The essential metal mixture was associated with lower early adolescence total-(β = -0.11, CI = -0.17, -0.04) and trunk- fat mass index (β = -0.13, CI = -0.21, -0.05), subscapular+tricep skinfold thickness (β = -0.02, CI = -0.03, -0.00), waist circumference (β = -0.003, CI = -0.01, -0.00), and BMI (β = -0.16, CI = -0.28, -0.04). Cadmium and cesium were individually associated with childhood adiposity at different timepoints. CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal first-trimester essential metals were associated with lower childhood adiposity, whereas nonessential metals were associated with higher adiposity into adolescence.

Published
2023

27. Reduced structural connectivity of the medial temporal lobe including the perforant path is associated with aging and verbal memory impairment

Author

Granger, Steven J, Colon-Perez, Luis, Larson, Myra Saraí, Bennett, Ilana J, Phelan, Michael, Keator, David B, Janecek, John T, Sathishkumar, Mithra T, Smith, Anna P, McMillan, Liv, Greenia, Dana, Corrada, Maria M, Kawas, Claudia H, and Yassa, Michael A

Subjects
Behavioral and Social Science, Biomedical Imaging, Brain Disorders, Aging, Neurosciences, Acquired Cognitive Impairment, Underpinning research, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Mental health, Neurological, Humans, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Perforant Pathway, Temporal Lobe, Memory, Memory Disorders, Hippocampus, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Perforant path, Diffusion weighted MRI, High resolution, Clinical Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery
Abstract

The perforant path, the white matter bundle connecting the entorhinal cortex (ERC) with the hippocampal formation deteriorates with age-related cognitive decline. Previous investigations using diffusion-weighted MRI to quantify perforant path integrity in-vivo have been limited due to image resolution or have quantified the perforant path using methods susceptible to partial volume effects such as the tensor model and without consideration of its 3-dimensional morphology. In this investigation, we use quantitative-anisotropy informed tractography derived from ultra-high resolution diffusion imaging (ZOOMit) to investigate structural connectivity of the perforant path and other medial temporal lobe (MTL) pathways in older adults (63 to 98 years old, n = 51). We show that graph density within the MTL declines with age and is associated with lower delayed recall performance. We also show that older age and poorer delayed recall are associated with reduced streamlines connecting the ERC and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (the putative perforant path). This work suggest that intra-MTL connectivity may new candidate biomarkers for age-related cognitive decline.

Published
2023

28. Comparison of DNA methylation measurements from EPIC BeadChip and SeqCap targeted bisulphite sequencing in PON1 and nine additional candidate genes

Author

Khodasevich, Dennis, Smith, Anna R, Huen, Karen, Eskenazi, Brenda, Cardenas, Andres, and Holland, Nina

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genetics, Human Genome, Biotechnology, Generic health relevance, Humans, Aryldialkylphosphatase, Cohort Studies, CpG Islands, DNA Methylation, Sequence Analysis, DNA, DNA methylation, SeqCap, NGS-based sequencing, EPIC microarray, PON1, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Developmental Biology, Biochemistry and cell biology
Abstract

Epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) are widely implemented in epidemiology, and the Illumina HumanMethylationEPIC BeadChip (EPIC) DNA microarray is the most-used technology. Recently, next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based methods, which assess DNA methylation at single-base resolution, have become more affordable and technically feasible. While the content of microarray technology is fixed, NGS-based approaches, such as the Roche Nimblegen, SeqCap Epi Enrichment System (SeqCap), offer the flexibility of targeting most CpGs in a gene. With the current usage of microarrays and emerging NGS-based technologies, it is important to establish whether data generated from the two platforms are comparable. We harnessed 112 samples from the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) birth cohort study and compared DNA methylation between the EPIC microarray and SeqCap for PON1 and nine additional candidate genes, by evaluating epigenomic coverage and correlations. We conducted multivariable linear regression and principal component analyses to assess the ability of the EPIC array and SeqCap to detect biological differences in gene methylation by the PON1-108 single nucleotide polymorphism. We found an overall high concordance (r = 0.84) between SeqCap and EPIC DNA methylation, among highly methylated and minimally methylated regions. However, substantial disagreement was present between the two methods in moderately methylated regions, with SeqCap measurements exhibiting greater within-site variation. Additionally, SeqCap did not capture PON1 SNP associated differences in DNA methylation that were evident with the EPIC array. Our findings indicate that microarrays perform well for analysing DNA methylation in large cohort studies but with limited coverage.

Published
2022

29. Optimal timing of anticoagulation after acute ischaemic stroke with atrial fibrillation (OPTIMAS): a multicentre, blinded-endpoint, phase 4, randomised controlled trial

Author

Jelley, Benjamin, Hughes, Tom, Evans, Mim, Esteban, Diego Garcia, Knibbs, Lucy, Broad, Lauren, Price, Rebecca, Griebel, Liz Hamer, Hewson, Sian, Thavanesan, Kamy, Mallon, Louise, Smith, Anna, White, Miranda, Zhang, Liqun, Clarke, Brian, Abousleiman, Youssif, Binnie, Lauren, Sim, Cai Hua, Castanheira, Margarida, Humphries, Fiona, Obarey, Sabaa, Feerick, Shez, Lee, Yee Chin, Lewis, Alex, Muhammad, Riham, Francia, Nina, Atang, Ndifreke, Banaras, Azra, Marinescu, Marilena, Ferdinand, Philip, Varquez, Resti, Ponce, Ida, Saxena, Surabhi, O'Brien, Eoin, Reyes, Juliana Delos, Mitchell-Douglas, Jennifer, Francis, Jobbin, Banerjee, Soma, Dave, Vaishali, Mashate, Sheila, Patel, Tulsi, Sekaran, Lakshmanan, Murad, Wahid, Asaipillai, Asokanathan, Sakthivel, Sethuraman, Tate, Margaret, Angus, Jane, Reid, Lisa, Fornolles, Caroline, Sundayi, Saul, Poolon, Lincy, Justin, Francis, Hunte, Sophy, Bhandari, Mohit, Kho, Jules, Cvoro, Vera, Parakramawansha, Ruwan, Couser, Mandy, Hughes, Hannah, Naqvi, Aaizza, Harkness, Kirsty, Richards, Emma, Howe, Jo, Kamara, Chris, Gardner, Jon, Bains, Harjit, Teal, Rachel, Joseph, Jeethu, Benjamin, Jithen, Al-Hussayni, Samer, Thomas, George, Robinson, Faye, Dixon, Lynn, Krishnan, Manju, Slade, Peter, Anjum, Tal, Storton, Sharon, Adie, Katja, Northcott, Keren, Morgan, Katie, Williams, Emilie, Chanashekar, Harinath, Maguire, Holly, Gabriel, Claire, Maren, Deborah, David, Hannah, Clarke, Sheron, Nagaratnam, Kiruba, Nelatur, Varun, Mannava, Neelima, Blasco, Lara, Devine, Joseph, Bathula, Rajaram, Gopi, Parvathy, Mehta, Niharika, Sreedevi Raj, Sreena, Teo, James, Sztriha, Laszio, Mah, Yee, Ankolekar, Sandeep, Sari, Beatrix, Tibajai, Maria, Morgan, Alicia, Recaman, Maria, Bayhonan, Samantha, Belo, Caroline, Finch, Sharon, Keenan, Samantha, Bowring, Angie, Shetty, Ashit, Chan, Siang, Gray, Lucy, Harrison, Thomas, Spooner, Oliver, Kinsella-Perks, Edward, Erumere, Esther, Sanders, Brittany, Sims, Don, Willmot, Mark, Littleton, Edward, Spruce, Elaine, Moody, Lisa, Sheriden, Christopher, Luxmore-Brown, Scott, Neal, Aoife, Beddows, Sophie, Tuna, Maria Assuncao, Misra, Amulya, Penn, Ruth, Mariampillai, Sonia, Anwar, Ijaz, Annamalai, Arunkumar, Whitehouse, Sarah, Shepherd, Lorna, Siddle, Elaine, Chatterjee, Kausik, Leason, Sandra, Davies, Angela, Marigold, Richard James, Frank, Sarah, Baird, Alix, Hannam-Penfold, Tomas, Inacio, Liliana, Smith, Simon, Eveson, David, Musarrat, Kashif, Khan, Shagufta, Harris, Tracy, Chowdhury, Muhibbur, Alam, Sajid, Jamieson, Elena, Anyankpele, Ebitare, Al Shalchi, Farah, Rivers, Vanessa, Bell, Stephanie, Francis, Rebecca, Beeby, Deborah, Finch, Jenny, Macleod, Mary Joan, Guzman-Gutierrez, German, Carter, Karla, Irvine, Janice, Gbadamoshi, Lukuman, Costa, Telma, Heirons, Sarah, Stoney, Hayley, Shaw, Louise, Choulerton, James, Catibog, Darwin, Sattar, Naweed, Myint, Min, Smith, Andy, Serac, Kwin, Emsley, Hedley, Sultan, Sulaiman, Gregary, Bindu, Brown, Allan, Mahmood, Afzal, Chattha, Navraj, Old, William, Pegg, Claire, Davey, Miriam, Page, Michelle, Sandhu, Banher, Phiri, Emily, Rashed, Khalid, Wilson, Elisabeth, Hindley, Esther, Board, Sarah, Antony, Sherly, Tanate, Alfonso, Davis, Michelle, Holland, Beth, Slater, Victoria, Fawcett, Michelle, England, Tim, Scott, James, Beavan, Jessica, Hedstrom, Amanda, Karunatilake, Dumin, Gillmain, Kimberley, Singh, Nishy, Hallows, Tracy, Barber, Mark, Yates, Luke, Micallef, Clayton, Esson, Derek, Meng Yu, Wai, Ming New, Benjamin Jaa, Matos, Alexandre, Burt, Clare, Cabrelli, Louise, Wilkie, Gillian, Meegada, Madana, Kirthivasan, Ramanathan, Fox, Caroline, Mead, Victoria, Lyle, Amanda, Saksena, Rajesh, Bakshi, Aashima, O'Kelly, Alison, Rehan, Jahanzeb, Ebueka, Osaretin, Cooper, Martin, Wynter, Inez, Smith, Susan, Kumar, Senthil, O'Brien, Linda, Parker, Cerrys, Parker, Emma, Khan, Numan, Patterson, Christopher, Maguire, Stuart, Quinn, Outi, Bellfield, Ruth, Behnam, Yousif, Costa, Janet, Padilla-Harris, Cheryl, Moram, Louise, Raza, Syed Abid, Tench, Helen, Sims, Tanya, McGuinness, Heather, Loosley, Ronda, Wolf-Roberts, Rebecca, Buddha, Sandeep, Salt, Irmak, Lewis, Kerry, Mavinamne, Sunanda, Ditchfield, Coleen, Dealing, Sharon, Shah, Alexander, Crossingham, Ginette, Mwadeyi, Memory, Kenton, Anthony, Omoregie, Faith, Abubakar, Saidu, Warwick, Allison, Hector, Gemma, Hassan, Ahamad, Veraque, Emelda, Farman, Michelle, Makawa, Linetty, Byrne, Anthony, Kirkham, Jackie, Blayney, Gareth, Selwyn, Jey, Kakar, Puneet, Al Khaddour, Mohammed, Dhami, Reena, Baker, Emelda, Esisi, Bernard, Clarkson, Emma, Fellowes, Dominic, Kresmir, Jergovic, Guyler, Paul, Ngo, David, Wijenayake, Indunil, Tysoe, Sharon, Galliford, Joanne, Harman, Paula, Garside, Mark, Badanahatti, Madhava, Riddell, Victoria, Gramizadeh, Gita, Dutta, Dipankar, Bajoriene, Milda, Erdogan, Hulya, Ward, Deborah, Doubal, Fergus, Samarasekera, Neshika, Risbridger, Sarah, MacRaild, Allan, Azim, Abul, Wood, Lisa, Tampset, Ruth, Shekhar, Raj, Rai, Umesh, Fuller, Tracy, Joshy, Aricsa, Nadar, Evelyn, Kini, Manohar, Ahmad, Syed, Robinson, Matthew, King, Lucia, Srinivasan, Venkatesan, Karwacka-Cichomska, Magdalena, Moore, Vicki, Smith, Kate, Kariyadil, Bincy, Kong, Kelvin, Hubbard, Kelly, Arif, Sarwat, Hasan, Muhammad, Temple, Natalie, Arcoria, Daniele, Horne, Zoey, Soe, Thandar, Wyllie, Hilary, Hacon, Christian, Sutherland, Helen, Menezes, Brian, Johnson, Venetia, Smyth, Nigel, Mehdi, Zehra, Tone, Ela, Bradley, Arian, Levell, Emma, Ekkert, Aleksandra, Mazzucco, Sara, McCafferty, Laura, Vonoven, Linda, Dewan, Suprita, Sridhar, Pagadala, Thomas, Jayne, Coetzee, Samantha, Icke, Becky, Williams, Jill, Saravanan, Narayanamoorthi, Bradley, Pamela, Gibson, Rebecca Marie, Antony, Jijimol, Ashraf, Imran, Mabuti, Jose, Kamundi, Charlotte, Patiola, Prasanna, Oakley, Naomi, Proeschel, Harold, Kelly, Debs, Longley, Wendy, Cave, Ashleigh, Ambrico, Carla, Black, Toby, Porretta, Elisa, Anthony, Alpha, Ragab, Suzanne, Dube, Judith, Kausar, Shahid, Gujjar, Abdullah, Abdullah, Mohammad, Kaur, Daljit, Gadapa, Naveen, Choudhary, Sumita, Nisar, Nabeela, Fawehinmi, Grace, Dunne, Karen, King, Sam, Kishore, Amit, Lee, Stephanie, Marsden, Tracy, Slaughter, Melanie, Cawley, Kathryn, Perez, Jane, Anderton, Peter, Soussi, Salem, Walstow, Deborah, Pugh, Rebecca, Manoj, Aravind, Fletcher, Glynn, Lopez, Paula, McCormick, Michael, Magee, Michael, Tallon, Grainne, McFarland, Denise, Cosgrove, Denise, Shinh, Naval, Metcalf, Kneale, Kostyuk, Alina, McDonald, Susan, Sayers, Sophie, Sayed, Walee, Abraham, Sam, Szabo, Gemma, Crosbie, Gareth, McIlmoyle, Jim, Fearon, Patricia, Courtney, Kerry, Tauro, Suzanne, Singh, Arun, Nair, Anand, Duberley, Stephen, Philip, Sheeba, Curley, Cath, Goddard, Wendy, Bridge, Luke, Willcoxson, Paul, Wanklyn, Peter, Owen, Jennifer, France, John, Reed, Bryony, Foulds, Angie, Richard, Bella, Parfitt, Louise, Affley, Brendan, Russo, Cristina, Dsouza, Margaret, Cruddas, Elizabeth, Hargroves, David, Rand, James, Shekar, Som, Bhat, Yaqoob, Marshall, Gail, Nash, Maxine, Ahmad, Nasar, Okoko, Blessing Oduh, Evans, Rachel, Taylor, Tegan, Dawson, Jesse, Colquhoun, Elizabeth, James, Christopher, Aguirre, Carlos, MacPhee, Catherine, Phipps, Janet, Ispoglou, Sissi, Hayes, Anne, Werring, David J, Dehbi, Hakim-Moulay, Ahmed, Norin, Arram, Liz, Best, Jonathan G, Balogun, Maryam, Bennett, Kate, Bordea, Ekaterina, Caverly, Emilia, Chau, Marisa, Cohen, Hannah, Cullen, Mairead, Doré, Caroline J, Engelter, Stefan T, Fenner, Robert, Ford, Gary A, Gill, Aneet, Hunter, Rachael, James, Martin, Jayanthi, Archana, Lip, Gregory Y H, Massingham, Sue, Murray, Macey L, Mazurczak, Iwona, Nash, Philip S, Ndoutoumou, Amalia, Norrving, Bo, Sims, Hannah, Sprigg, Nikola, Vanniyasingam, Tishok, and Freemantle, Nick

Published
2024
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32. Health Effects of Pesticide Exposure in Latin American and the Caribbean Populations: A Scoping Review.

Author

Zúñiga-Venegas, Liliana, Hyland, Carly, Muñoz-Quezada, María, Quirós-Alcalá, Lesliam, Butinof, Mariana, Buralli, Rafael, Cardenas, Andres, Fernandez, Ricardo, Foerster, Claudia, Gouveia, Nelson, Gutiérrez Jara, Juan, Lucero, Boris, Muñoz, María, Ramírez-Santana, Muriel, Smith, Anna, Tirado, Noemi, van Wendel de Joode, Berna, Calaf, Gloria, Handal, Alexis, Soares da Silva, Agnes, Cortés, Sandra, and Mora, Ana

Subjects
Agriculture, Carbamates, Caribbean Region, Child, Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Latin America, Occupational Exposure, Organophosphates, Pesticides, Placenta, Pregnancy
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Multiple epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to pesticides is associated with adverse health outcomes. However, the literature on pesticide-related health effects in the Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) region, an area of intensive agricultural and residential pesticide use, is sparse. We conducted a scoping review to describe the current state of research on the health effects of pesticide exposure in LAC populations with the goal of identifying knowledge gaps and research capacity building needs. METHODS: We searched PubMed and SciELO for epidemiological studies on pesticide exposure and human health in LAC populations published between January 2007 and December 2021. We identified 233 publications from 16 countries that met our inclusion criteria and grouped them by health outcome (genotoxicity, neurobehavioral outcomes, placental outcomes and teratogenicity, cancer, thyroid function, reproductive outcomes, birth outcomes and child growth, and others). RESULTS: Most published studies were conducted in Brazil (37%, n=88) and Mexico (20%, n=46), were cross-sectional in design (72%, n=167), and focused on farmworkers (45%, n=105) or children (21%, n=48). The most frequently studied health effects included genotoxicity (24%, n=62) and neurobehavioral outcomes (21%, n=54), and organophosphate (OP) pesticides were the most frequently examined (26%, n=81). Forty-seven percent (n=112) of the studies relied only on indirect pesticide exposure assessment methods. Exposure to OP pesticides, carbamates, or to multiple pesticide classes was consistently associated with markers of genotoxicity and adverse neurobehavioral outcomes, particularly among children and farmworkers. DISCUSSION: Our scoping review provides some evidence that exposure to pesticides may adversely impact the health of LAC populations, but methodological limitations and inconsistencies undermine the strength of the conclusions. It is critical to increase capacity building, integrate research initiatives, and conduct more rigorous epidemiological studies in the region to address these limitations, better inform public health surveillance systems, and maximize the impact of research on public policies. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9934.

Published
2022

33. Hippocampal dentate gyrus integrity revealed with ultrahigh resolution diffusion imaging predicts memory performance in older adults.

Author

Granger, Steven J, Colon-Perez, Luis, Larson, Myra Saraí, Phelan, Michael, Keator, David B, Janecek, John T, Sathishkumar, Mithra T, Smith, Anna P, McMillan, Liv, Greenia, Dana, Corrada, Maria M, Kawas, Claudia H, and Yassa, Michael A

Subjects
Hippocampus, Dentate Gyrus, Temporal Lobe, Humans, Atrophy, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Middle Aged, aging, dentate gyrus, hippocampus, magnetic resonance imaging, memory, Neurodegenerative, Neurosciences, Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD), Acquired Cognitive Impairment, Aging, Alzheimer's Disease, Brain Disorders, Clinical Research, Dementia, Behavioral and Social Science, Biomedical Imaging, Neurological, Cognitive Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery
Abstract

Medial temporal lobe (MTL) atrophy is a core feature of age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD). While regional volumes and thickness are often used as a proxy for neurodegeneration, they lack the sensitivity to serve as an accurate diagnostic test and indicate advanced neurodegeneration. Here, we used a submillimeter resolution diffusion weighted MRI sequence (ZOOMit) to quantify microstructural properties of hippocampal subfields in older adults (63-98 years old) using tensor derived measures: fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD). We demonstrate that the high-resolution sequence, and not a standard resolution sequence, identifies dissociable profiles for CA1, dentate gyrus (DG), and the collateral sulcus. Using ZOOMit, we show that advanced age is associated with increased MD of the CA1 and DG as well as decreased FA of the DG. Increased MD of the DG, reflecting decreased cellular density, mediated the relationship between age and word list recall. Further, increased MD in the DG, but not DG volume, was linked to worse spatial pattern separation. Our results demonstrate that ultrahigh-resolution diffusion imaging enables the detection of microstructural differences in hippocampal subfield integrity and will lead to novel insights into the mechanisms of age-related memory loss.

Published
2022

35. Toward a Taxonomy of Trust for Probabilistic Machine Learning

Author

Broderick, Tamara, Gelman, Andrew, Meager, Rachael, Smith, Anna L., and Zheng, Tian

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Statistics - Methodology
Abstract

Probabilistic machine learning increasingly informs critical decisions in medicine, economics, politics, and beyond. We need evidence to support that the resulting decisions are well-founded. To aid development of trust in these decisions, we develop a taxonomy delineating where trust in an analysis can break down: (1) in the translation of real-world goals to goals on a particular set of available training data, (2) in the translation of abstract goals on the training data to a concrete mathematical problem, (3) in the use of an algorithm to solve the stated mathematical problem, and (4) in the use of a particular code implementation of the chosen algorithm. We detail how trust can fail at each step and illustrate our taxonomy with two case studies: an analysis of the efficacy of microcredit and The Economist's predictions of the 2020 US presidential election. Finally, we describe a wide variety of methods that can be used to increase trust at each step of our taxonomy. The use of our taxonomy highlights steps where existing research work on trust tends to concentrate and also steps where establishing trust is particularly challenging., Comment: 18 pages, 2 figures

Published
2021

38. Netherlands

Author

Hania, P. Ralph, primary, Kloosterman, Jan L., additional, Lathouwers, Danny, additional, Perkó, Zoltán, additional, Roelofs, Ferry, additional, Rohde, Martin, additional, Sietsma, Jilt, additional, and Smith, Anna, additional

Published
2024
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39. List of contributors

Author

Allibert, Michel, primary, Bakai, A.S., additional, Bochvar, A.A., additional, Bourg, Stéphane, additional, Boyes, Wayne, additional, Cammi, Antonio, additional, Delpech, Sylvie, additional, Disen, Elling, additional, Edmondson, Michael, additional, Erbay, L. Berrin, additional, Gavillet, Didier, additional, Giot, Lydie, additional, Greaves, Eduardo D., additional, Hania, P. Ralph, additional, Heuer, Daniel, additional, Jam Pedersen, Thomas, additional, Jeong, Yongjin, additional, Kinoshita, Motoyasu, additional, Kloosterman, Jan L., additional, Křepel, Jiří, additional, Lackowski, Vincent R., additional, Lathouwers, Danny, additional, Laureau, Axel, additional, Lauritzen, Bent, additional, Lee, Deokjung, additional, Lee, Youngjoon, additional, Luzzi, Lelio, additional, Martinez-Guridi, Gerardo, additional, Merle, Elsa, additional, Monti, Stefano, additional, Nichenko, Sergii, additional, Pautz, Andreas, additional, Pázsit, Imre, additional, Perkó, Zoltán, additional, Ponomarev, Leonid I., additional, Rineiski, Andrei, additional, Rodenburg, Cyril, additional, Roelofs, Ferry, additional, Rohde, Martin, additional, Sajo-Bohus, Laszlo, additional, Schönfeldt, Troels, additional, Scott, Ian, additional, Sietsma, Jilt, additional, Smith, Anna, additional, Uhlíř, Jan, additional, Waris, Abdul, additional, and Yoshioka, Ritsuo, additional

Published
2024
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40. Estimation of Ebola's spillover infection exposure in Sierra Leone based on sociodemographic and economic factors

Author

Mursel, Sena, Alter, Nathaniel, Slavit, Lindsay, Smith, Anna, Bocchini, Paolo, and Buceta, Javier

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution
Abstract

Zoonotic diseases spread through pathogens-infected animal carriers. In the case of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD), evidence supports that the main carriers are fruit bats and non-human primates. Further, EVD spread is a multi-factorial problem that depends on sociodemographic and economic (SDE) factors. Here we inquire into this phenomenon and aim at determining, quantitatively, the Ebola spillover infection exposure map and try to link it to SDE factors. To that end, we designed and conducted a survey in Sierra Leone and implement a pipeline to analyze data using regression and machine learning techniques. Our methodology is able (1) to identify the features that are best predictors of an individual's tendency to partake in behaviors that can expose them to Ebola infection, (2) to develop a predictive model about the spillover risk statistics that can be calibrated for different regions and future times, and (3) to compute a spillover exposure map for Sierra Leone. Our results and conclusions are relevant to identify the regions in Sierra Leone at risk of EVD spillover and, consequently, to design and implement policies for an effective deployment of resources (e.g., drug supplies) and other preventative measures (e.g., educational campaigns).

Published
2021
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42. Tinkering toward Teacher Learning: A Case for Critical Playful Literacies in Teacher Education

Author

McBride, Cherise, Smith, Anna, and Kalir, Jeremiah Holden

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to re-center playfulness as a humanizing approach in teacher education. As teachers navigate the current moment of heightened control, surveillance, and systemic inequity, these proposed moves in teacher education can be transgressive. Rather than play as relegated to childhood or infancy, what does it look like to continue to be "playful" in teaching and teacher education? Design/methodology/approach: To examine how teacher educators may design for teachers' critical playful literacies, the authors offer three "worked examples" (Gee, 2009) of preservice teachers' playful practices in an English literacies teacher education course. Findings: The authors highlight instructional design elements pertinent to co-designing for teachers' play and playful literacies in teacher education: generative constraints to practice everyday ingenuity, figuring it out to foster teacher agency and debriefs to interrupt the teaching's perpetual performance. Originality/value: The term "playful," as a descriptor of practice and qualifier of activity appears frequently in educational literature across domains. The relationship of play to critical literacies--and, more specifically, educators' literacies and learning--is less frequently explored.

Published
2023
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43. Digital Platforms and the ELA Classroom: A Policy Research Brief

Author

National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE), James R. Squire Office of Policy Research, LeBlanc, Robert Jean, Aguilera, Earl, Burriss, Sarah, de Roock, Roberto, Fassbender, Will, Monea, Bethany, Nichols, T. Philip, Pandya, Jessica Zacher, Robinson, Brad, Smith, Anna, and Stornaiuolo, Amy

Abstract

A digital platform is a networked infrastructure that allows people to engage in various kinds of interactions: social, economic, political, educational. Digital platforms can play a fundamental part of today's English language arts (ELA) classroom. Students read, write, view, connect, and interact with, on, and through a kaleidoscope of digital platforms. Google Docs, Turnitin, and Flip, among many others, have become part of the very infrastructure of classroom life (Garcia & Nichols, 2021). These same platforms are further used by educators, administrators, and third-party companies to instruct, assess, track, communicate with, respond to, and discipline students. This policy brief examines how digital platforms have been used in ELA Education and concludes with recommendations for teachers, administrators, and policymakers who implement digital platforms in the ELA classroom.

Published
2023

44. Bad blood

Author

Smith, Anna

Published
2012

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