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Scandium nitride (001) oriented layers have been grown on magnesium oxide (001) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy using a rf-plasma source and a scandium effusion cell. The Sc/N flux ratio is found to be critical in determining the structural, optical, and electronic properties of the grown epitaxial layers. A distinct transition occurs at the point where the Sc/N flux ratio equals 1, which defines the line between N-rich and Sc-rich growth. Under N-rich conditions, the growth is epitaxial, and the surface morphology is characterized by a densely packed array of square-shaped plateaus and four-faced pyramids with the terraces between steps being atomically smooth. The films are stoichiometric and transparent with a direct optical transition at 2.15 eV. Under Sc-rich conditions, the growth is also epitaxial, but the morphology is dominated by spiral growth mounds. The morphology change is consistent with increased surface diffusion due to a Sc-rich surface. Excess Sc leads to understoichiometric layers with N vacancies which act as donors. The increased carrier density results in an optical reflection edge at 1 eV, absorption below the 2.15 eV band gap, and a drop in electrical resistivity. c 2001 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1388161]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Endoscopic management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma has become more popular over the last few decades as there has been an impetus for renal preservation in these patients. While radical nephroureterectomy has been the gold standard in treatment of this disease, ureteroscopic and percutaneous management has become a viable option for select patients. Methods and Materials: The literature on endoscopic management of upper urinary tract tumors was explored. Different management methods are discussed, both from published literature and experience of the authors of this chapter. Results: We review the indications, details of the procedure, and troubleshooting methods in the endoscopic management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Imperative indications as well as controversial indications are discussed. The role and efficacy of adjuvant intrarenal topical agents are examined as well as the protocol for administering these agents. Follow-up protocols are also reviewed. Discussion: In select patients, endoscopic management with ureteroscopy and/or percutaneous resection of upper tract urothelial tumors is appropriate and can preserve renal function while obtaining comparable oncologic control compared with radical surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Minimally invasive therapy for upper tract urothelial cell cancer has assumed an important role in the management of this relatively uncommon genitourinary malignancy. In this review, current standards for patient selection, surgical approach, as well as overall outcomes will be discussed. Moreover, the use of intraluminal agents in upper tract disease is examined along with its efficacy and associated complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The low-energy excitations of iridium(III) complexes, such as fac -Ir(ppy) 3 , are known to have significant metal-to-ligand charge-transfer character. Hence the degree of exact exchange included in the density functional description of the complex is expected to be important. To investigate this we report both ground state and time-dependent density functional calculations with a range of functionals (with different degrees of exact exchange) and examine the changes in the predictions as we vary the degree of exact exchange within a single functional (while holding the rest of the parameterisation fixed). We find that although the optimal degree of exact exchange (∼20%) gives results in good agreement with experiment for fac -Ir(ppy) 3 and the blue emissive fac -Ir(ptz) 3 , other parameterisations lead to predictions that are both qualitatively and quantitatively inconsistent with experiment. Other differences in the functionals lead to much smaller differences in the predicted properties of the complex. Thus the B3LYP and X3LYP functionals provide the best description of experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a reprint of the article "The" triangle of death": medical sustainability in expeditionary sea-based operations," which appeared in the previous issue. Topics discussed include effectiveness of expeditionary amphibious operations, strategies to avoid the triangle of death in the case of irretrievable physical deterioration, and the use of sea-based forces for disaster relief and humanitarian operations.

Purpose: Patients' interfractional anatomic changes can compromise the initial treatment plan quality. To overcome this issue, adaptive radiotherapy (ART) has been introduced. Deformable image registration (DIR) is an important tool for ART and several deformable phantoms have been built to evaluate the algorithms' accuracy. However, there is a lack of deformable phantoms that can also provide dosimetric information to verify the accuracy of the whole ART process. The goal of this work is to design and construct a deformable head and neck (HN) ART quality assurance (QA) phantom with in vivo dosimetry. Methods: An axial slice of a HN patient is taken as a model for the phantom construction. Six anatomic materials are considered, with HU numbers similar to a real patient. A filled balloon inside the phantom tissue is inserted to simulate tumor. Deflation of the balloon simulates tumor shrinkage. Nonradiopaque surface markers, which do not influence DIR algorithms, provide the deformation ground truth. Fixed and movable holders are built in the phantom to hold a diode for dosimetric measurements. Results: The measured deformations at the surface marker positions can be compared with deformations calculated by a DIR algorithm to evaluate its accuracy. In this study, the authors selected a Demons algorithm as a DIR algorithm example for demonstration purposes. The average error magnitude is 2.1 mm. The point dose measurements from the in vivo diode dosimeters show a good agreement with the calculated doses from the treatment planning system with a maximum difference of 3.1% of prescription dose, when the treatment plans are delivered to the phantom with original or deformed geometry. Conclusions: In this study, the authors have presented the functionality of this deformable HN phantom for testing the accuracy of DIR algorithms and verifying the ART dosimetric accuracy. The authors' experiments demonstrate the feasibility of this phantom serving as an end-to-end ART QA phantom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and Objectives: Achieving proper renal access is arguably the most challenging component of percutaneous nephrolithotomy. A core skill required during this procedure is the use of C-arm fluoroscopic imaging and parallax techniques for proper needle insertion into a predetermined calyceal papilla. The trainers available for these skills include virtual reality (VR) simulators and physical models requiring actual fluoroscopy and radiation exposure precautions. In this study we present the successful proof-of-concept of a low-cost physical fluoro-less C-arm trainer (CAT) for training percutaneous renal access. Materials and Methods: The SimPORTAL CAT includes a mini C-arm for simulating fluoroscopic imaging and a silicon flank simulation model for needle insertion. The C-arm has two mounted video cameras and is jointed to tilt and rainbow. The flank model contains an anatomically accurate cast of the upper urinary tract, including the ureter, calyces, and the renal pelvis, with an overlay of ribs to visually and tactically simulate the 10th-12th ribs. The simulated fluoroscopic imaging is viewed on a computer screen allowing for real-time visualization. Preliminary surveys were completed by participants ( n=14) at a training course that took place in Hemel Hampsted to obtain information on the acceptability of version 2.1 of the model. Results: We have successfully created a fluoro-less CAT that achieves the goals of training percutaneous access of the kidney. All participants (100%) considered the concept of avoiding radiation exposure during training as a highly valuable feature. About 92.8% of the enrolled participants considered the CAT of at least equal value to existing VR training models. Conclusions: The fluoroscopy-less CAT is an economically feasible and accurate model for training parallax. It effectively replicates the functions of a C-arm X-ray system for percutaneous access to the kidney without any radiation exposure to the learner. Further studies will examine construct validity for training and assessing percutaneous access skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To review the incidence of UTIs, post-operative fever, and risk factors for post-operative fever in PCNL patients. Materials and methods: Between 2007 and 2009, consecutive PCNL patients were enrolled from 96 centers participating in the PCNL Global Study. Only data from patients with pre-operative urine samples and who received antibiotic prophylaxis were included. Pre-operative bladder urine culture and post-operative fever (>38.5°C) were assessed. Relationship between various patient and operative factors and occurrence of post-operative fever was assessed using logistic regression analyses. Results: Eight hundred and sixty-five (16.2%) patients had a positive urine culture; Escherichia coli was the most common micro-organism found in urine of the 350 patients (6.5%). Of the patients with negative pre-operative urine cultures, 8.8% developed a fever post-PCNL, in contrast to 18.2% of patients with positive urine cultures. Fever developed more often among the patients whose urine cultures consisted of Gram-negative micro-organisms (19.4-23.8%) versus those with Gram-positive micro-organisms (9.7-14.5%). Multivariate analysis indicated that a positive urine culture (odds ratio [OR] = 2.12, CI [1.69-2.65]), staghorn calculus (OR = 1.59, CI [1.28-1.96]), pre-operative nephrostomy (OR = 1.61, CI [1.19-2.17]), lower patient age (OR for each year of 0.99, CI [0.99-1.00]), and diabetes (OR = 1.38, CI [1.05-1.81]) all increased the risk of post-operative fever. Limitations include the use of fever as a predictor of systemic infection. Conclusions: Approximately 10% of PCNL-treated patients developed fever in the post-operative period despite receiving antibiotic prophylaxis. Risk of post-operative fever increased in the presence of a positive urine bacterial culture, diabetes, staghorn calculi, and a pre-operative nephrostomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the treatment of back pain with psychological interventions. It explores the need for health care systems in the U.S. to focus on the psychosocial factors in the etiology and treatment of back pain. The roles of mental health professionals, including social workers, in the treatment are described. Also presented are recommendations related to the diagnosis of back pain.

Antiferromagnets play a key role in modern spintronicdevices owingto their ability to modify the switching behavior of adjacent ferromagnetsvia the exchange bias effect. Consequently, detailed measurementsof the spin structure at antiferromagnetic interfaces and surfacesare highly desirable, not only for advancing technologies but alsofor enabling new insights into the underlying physics. Here usingspin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy at room-temperature,we reveal in three-dimensions an orthogonal spin structure on antiferromagneticcompound nanopyramids. Contrary to expected uniaxial anisotropy basedon bulk properties, the atomic terraces are found to have alternatingin-plane and out-of-plane magnetic anisotropies. The observed layer-wisealternation in anisotropy could have strong influences on future nanoscalespintronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to prospectively compare operative and postoperative characteristics and outcomes in elderly patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) compared with younger patients. Patients and Methods: Prospectively collected data from the Clinical Research Office of the Endourological Society (CROES) Global PCNL Study database were used. Elderly patients were defined as those aged 70 years and above, while younger patients were those between 18 and 70 years of age. Matched and unmatched group comparisons were performed based on imaging modality used for assessing stone-free status. Patient characteristics, operative data, and postoperative outcomes were compared. Results: The median age of the elderly group vs the young group was 74 years (range 70-93 years) vs 49 years. In the unmatched analysis, staghorn stones were seen at higher rates in the elderly group (27.8% vs 21.8%, P=0.014); however, the mean stone size was not significantly different (465.0 vs 422.8, P=0.063). The length of hospitalization was significantly longer in the elderly group compared with the young group in the unmatched analysis (5 days vs 4.1 days, P<0.001). The same difference was not apparent in the matched analysis (5.0 days vs 4.4 days, P=0.288). Overall complication rates were not significantly different in the unmatched analysis. In the matched analysis, however, a statistically significant higher rate of overall complications was seen. Stone-free rates were similar among all groups. Conclusion: PCNL in elderly patients over the age of 70 years produces results comparable to those seen in younger patients. With only a slightly higher-be it statistically significant-complication rate, the stone-free rate in older patients was the same as in the younger group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Deuterated forms of aromatic charge transporting heterocycles 2 and 3 used in organic light-emitting diodes have been produced by hydrothermal reactions, catalyzed by Pt/C or Pd/C. Comprehensive analysis by mass spectroscopy, 1H, 2H and 13C NMR enables determination of the overall quantity of D atoms present, as well as the level of deuteration at each molecular site. The roles of solubility and steric availability in deuteration are discussed in the light of these results. Neutron reflectometry indicates excellent scattering contrast between protonated and deuterated forms of these molecules, with nanoscale thin films showing the same density as in their bulk molecular forms. Although used for morphological studies of thin films typically used in OLEDs, the synthetic and analysis methods described here are generic and suitable for deuteration of other conjugated aromatic heterocycles and other optoelectronic devices. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective. Stimulating the human cortex using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) temporarily reduces clinical and experimental pain; however, it is unclear which cortical targets are the most effective. The motor cortex has been a popular target for managing neuropathic pain, while the prefrontal cortex has been investigated for an array of nociceptive pain conditions. It is unclear whether the motor cortex is the only effective cortical target for managing neuropathic pain, and no published studies to date have investigated the effects of prefrontal stimulation on neuropathic pain. Design. This preliminary pilot trial employed a sham-controlled, within-subject, crossover design to evaluate clinical pain as well as laboratory pain thresholds among four patients with chronic neuropathic pain. Each participant underwent three real and three sham 20-minute sessions of 10 Hz left prefrontal repetitive TMS. Daily pain diaries were collected for 3 weeks before and after each treatment phase along with a battery of self-report pain and mood questionnaires. Results. Time-series analysis at the individual patient level indicated that real TMS was associated with significant improvements in average daily pain in 3 of the 4 participants. These effects were independent of changes in mood in two of the participants. At the group level, a decrease of 19% in daily pain on average, pain at its worst, and pain at its least was observed while controlling for changes in mood, activity level and sleep. The effects of real TMS were significantly greater than sham. Real TMS was associated with increases in thermal and mechanical pain thresholds, whereas sham was not. No statistically significant effects were observed across the questionnaire data. Conclusions. The prefrontal cortex may be an important TMS cortical target for managing certain types of pain, including certain neuropathic pain syndromes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents obituaries for several notable people including mineral collector John H. Marshall Jr., and economic geologist Albert Laws Kidwell.

A personal narrative is presented which explores the author's experience of collecting microminerals in the Creede Mining District in southwestern Colorado.

The article discusses the delivery of medical care to U.S. military personnel involved in expeditionary sea-based operations. The author notes logistical problems of providing seaborne care, and offers relevant historical context concerning World War II, the Korean War, and the Falklands war between Great Britain and Argentina. Recommendations are presented.

Context • Chronic, nonspecific back pain is a ubiquitous problem that has frustrated both physicians and patients. Some have suggested that it is time for a ‘paradigm shift’ in treating it. One of them is John Sarno, MD, of New York University's Rusk Institute of Rehabilitation, who has argued for this in 4 books and several journal publications. We believe that a mind-body approach is more effective and involves much less risk and expense than conventional approaches in appropriately diagnosed cases. Objective • To determine if a mind-body treatment program addressing a presumed psychological etiology of persistent back pain merits further research. Design • Case series outcome study. Setting • Single physician's office in metropolitan Los Angeles. Patients • Fifty-one patients with chronic back pain, diagnosed with tension myositis syndrome, a diagnosis for ‘functional’ back pain and treated in the principal investigator's office in 2002 and 2003. Interventions • A program of office visits, written educational materials, a structured workbook (guided journal), educational audio CDs, and, in some cases, individual psychotherapy. Main Outcome Measures • Pain intensity (visual analog scale scores), quality of life (RAND SF-12), medication usage, and activity level (questionnaires). Follow-up was at least 3 to 12 months after treatment. Results • Mean VAS scores decreased 52% for ‘average’ pain (P<.0001), 35% for ‘worst’ pain (P<.0001), and 65% for ‘least’ pain (P<.0001). SF-12 Physical Health scores rose >9 units (P=.005). Medication usage decreased (P=.0008). Activity levels increased (P=.03). Participants aged >47 years and in pain for >3 years benefited most. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides information concerning the joint medical command in the U.S. In response to the broad set of complex national security challenges of the 21st century, the Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) report of February 2006 has advised that all the organizations, processes, and practices within the Department of Defense should be given a high degree of agility, flexibility, responsiveness, and ultimately effectiveness in supporting the joint war fighter and future national defense goals.

The article focuses on the experiences of the author of searching for minerals in various localities in the United States. He noted how he discovered that the localities with the greatest amount of specimens included areas in New Jersey, Texas, Arkansas and several parts of Colorado. He recalled how he examined and collected minerals such as azurite, barite and quartz from the Sherman Tunnel, which was part of the Leadville, Colorado mining district.

The article discusses medical command and control in sea-based operations. In an attempt to transform itself to meet the demands of the twenty-first century, the Navy is adhering not only increased readiness, but also the capability to deploy naval forces quickly in response to conflicts and crises around the world. Sea-basing is considered as an effective measure in the swift delivery of military aids.

Focuses on the mineral species that can be found at several mining localities in New Hampshire. Quartz at the Laconia area; Helvite at the Iron Mountain mines in Bartlett; Titanite at Red Hill in Moultonboro.

Focuses on the usability of U.S. and British hospital ships. Availability of lifesaving treatment in tank landing ships during World War II; Role of U.S. Navy hospital ships as seaborne ambulances; Medical evacuation system in hospital ships during the Vietnam War; Factors causing the decreasing dependability of hospital ships.

For the past century the autotransformer, or "Korndorfer" starter, has been a standard in the electrical industry. How- ever, for more than the past 30 years the autotransformer starter has been experiencing unexplained "high-voltage stress" failures in typical applications. These failures have been reported on 2400-V starters from South America to 11000-V starters in the North Sea. In most cases, the zero tap or the turns close to the zero tap are involved in the failure. This paper discusses the failure mode and the corrective action that prevents "high-voltage stress" failures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses percutaneous renal surgery. Application of percutaneous renal puncture in decompressing obstructed kidneys; Identification of uncorrected coagulopathy as the only absolute contraindication to percutaneous surgery; Instruments necessary for percutaneous renal access, dilation and placing the nephrostomy tube.

The article underlines the reality that losses to malaria and other preventable diseases among Allied forces operating in the China-Burma-India far exceeded the number of casualties inflicted by enemy action. Today, as the global war on terrorism evolves, a similar failure to appreciate noncombat environmental threats--including mosquitoes and other disease carrying insect vectors--will once again degrade combat effectiveness of deployed forces. The significance of this caveat was amply demonstrated in August 2003, when a U.S. Marine Corps team, while conducting stabilization operations in Liberia, was hit by a surprise disease outbreak when almost 30 percent of the deployed military personnel contracted malaria.

The principle and method of atomic-scale spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy is discussed, and its application to the case of the (0 1 0) surface of η-phase Mn3N2 is presented. For this surface, new proofs of the spin-polarized effect are presented, and it is also shown that the spin-polarized effect can turn on and off with small changes to the tip apex which can occur during scanning; this indicates that the tip magnetic density of states can and does change at certain points during the experiment. It is also shown how to model height profile data using spin-polarized local density of states of the sample. As well, it is shown how to relate the equation for the total spin-polarized height profile to those of the separated magnetic and non-magnetic height profiles. Comparison of the experimental height profiles to the simulated height profiles based on spin-polarized local densities of states calculated from first-principles density functional theory is shown. In particular, a comparison is made between the results of using the atom-superposition method vs. a full Tersoff–Hamman simulation method. For the case of the transition metal nitride system here, it is shown that the latter method is crucial for a full understanding due to the directionality of the atomic orbital lobes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

22 subjects were screened for either mild or moderate depression on the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI) and primary idiopathic fibromyalgia out of a pool of 136. Subjects had one week of washout from medications. Subjects then were treated for 6 weeks with citalopram 20–40 mg. Measures taken at baseline, end of washout week and end of study included: BDI, Visual Analog Scale for pain, McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), Sleep Questionnaire, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), Pressure Threshold Gauge for Tender Points and Activity Diary. No consistent differences on independent variables were seen between subjects who completed the study and those who dropped out or between depressed and non-depressed patients. Regression analyses did not indicate any consistent relationship between subject variables and measures used in the study. Subject change during the 6 week medication trial showed significant improvement on: VAS scores, MPQ, FIQ, sleep, 4 tender points, 2 control points and pooled tender point score. Depressed subjects showed greater improvement than non-depressed. A maximum of 41.9% of the change in pain was attributable to depression leaving over 50% attributable to other factors. The study indicates that citalopram is effective in making changes in the symptoms of fibromyalgia beyond changes seen in mood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on micromineral collecting done by the author. The author dug and collected minerals from the dumps for several years before reading in a journal that Mineral Hill was just across the road. Traces of massive sulfide minerals were found in a white milky quartz, and on the last trip the author found two equant colorless microcrystals in cavities. Neither was calcite, so it was sent to Excalibur Mineral Company for EDS analysis, which showed them to be anglesite. Mineral Hill is composed mainly of quartz monzonite of Devonian age that has been intruded by large irregular bodies of fine aplitic quartz monzonite and by thin dikes of mafic aphanitic rock.

Focuses on various rock shops and mineral collection sites in the U.S. Types of rocks present in the Monte Cristo Rock Shop in Arkansas; Rock specimens displayed at the Agate Shop in Minnesota; Gold production in the Cripple Creek goldmine in Colorado.

Describes geographical and geological distributions of the mineral resources of Iowa. Description of the mineral resources of Allamakee County; Centerville gypsum mine of Appanoose County; Dolomite deposit in Aplington quarry of Butler County.

Presents several United States-based mineralogists' accounts of their travel to Russia as of January 2001. Stanley J. Dyl, director of the A.E. Seaman Mineralogical Museum in Houghton, Michigan; Jeff Scovil, mineral photographer of Phoenix, Arizona; Jeff East, mineral dealer of East Hampton, Connecticut.

Focuses on pegmatites in South Dakota. Large and small pegmatite dikes on faces of presidents on Mount Rushmore; Pegmatites exposed in the southern Black Hills; Location guides to mines in the area provided by the United States Bureau of Mines; Mineral index by counties.

Part II. Relates experiences on mineral procurement by earth scientists, mineral collectors and dealers in Brazil. Includes fraud in aquamarine dealing; Experience of a mineral dealer in buying blue topaz and other minerals in Virgem da Lapa; Acquisition of topaz and rose quartz crystals; Change of watermelon tourmaline price in Santa Rosa mine.

Part I. Presents mineral dealers and collectors' accounts on their acquisition of mineral specimens from Brazil. Includes accounts on the experiences of mineral dealers Jack Lowell and Rock Currier and author John Sinkankas; Opportunities gained and lost; Sources of specimens; Types of minerals collected.

Pelvi‐ureteric junction obstruction (PUJO) is defined as a functionally significant impairment of the flow of urine from the kidney's renal pelvis into the proximal ureter. Symptomatically, the patient may experience flank pain, recurrent infections, stone formation, and impairment of renal function. Although many cases of intrinsic PUJO are diagnosed at birth, a minority of patients may present in adulthood with previously silent disease or develop secondary PUJO to other causes. PUJO is therefore broadly categorised into both primary and secondary PUJO. A wide array of diagnostic scans and tests are available to aid in diagnosing and monitoring patients with PUJO. In patients with compromised renal function or symptomatic PUJO that require intervention, minimally invasive techniques are the 'gold standard' for surgical intervention. This review will detail the endoscopic, laparoscopic, and robotic options available to the urologist practicing in 2021, including the use of autografts and other emerging technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on modern littoral operations and its role in ground-based maneuvers and evacuation of casualties to ships. Rules of logistics in the doctrinal context of Operational Maneuver from the Sea; Influence of air, sea and ground-launched missiles on seaward evacuation and care of combat casualties; Landing craft air cushion vehicle as the linchpin of the United States' surface amphibious assault capability.

This article focuses on the importance of the practice of medicine and surgery in peacetime on the combat preparedness of military medical personnel. The Kuwait contingency prompted the early transfer of significant numbers of military medical personnel to Southwest Asia, as well as massive quantities of medical supplies. More than 33,000 medical personnel were deployed in Operation Desert Shield/Storm, including more than 3,100 physicians in the Gulf theater of operations. Also included were two huge 1,000-bed hospital ships with 12 surgical suites apiece, as well as an extensive tri-service network of land-based deployable medical facilities.

Focuses on the minerals that are from the Boling Salt Dome, Wharton County, Texas. Operations that are the sources of the rocks; Description of the sulfide zone at the salt dome; Minerals and its characteristics discovered in the site.

Discusses the geodes collected from the Mississippian-age dolomites and dolomitic limestones of the Warsaw Formation of Missouri, Iowa and Illinois. Size range of geodes; Predominant mineral in most of geodes; List and description of the minerals found in Warsaw.

Focuses on microminerals in the antimony district of Sevier County in Arkansas. Ankerite; Arsenopyrite; Calcite; Dickite; Pyrite.

Presents the author's observations on purchasing microminerals from Russia and other former Soviet Republics. Names; Colors; Dimensions; Appraisal; Sources.

The article presents the mineral locality index of Louisiana along with several photographs of the local states where minerals are found.

The article offers information about the collections of the microminerals at the Cove Creek, Magnet Cove, Arkansas. It mentions several facts about various areas in Arkansas and several types of basic rocks that supply the minerals of interest in the creek bed including nepheline-syenite pegmatite, wollastonite contactmetamorphic and Kimzey Calcite quarry.

On the basis of histological, cellular kinetic and clinical studies, but most importantly, the psychological considerations, it appears best to initiate and complete the treatment for both true crytorchid and for migratory testes between the 4th and 5th birthdays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]