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The synthesis of two redox-active Ni(II) complexes containing hard-soft donor sets in tridentate ligands helps examine the ligand properties promoting stabilization of the multiple metal oxidation states within a single complex. Cyclic voltammetric studies of one Ni complex reveals its ability to undergo one-electron oxidation to Ni(III) species. The second complex generates an electron transfer series with four members that are metal centered and have the oxidation states Ni(O-III). Flexible hard-soft ligands responding to stereo-electronic preferences of the metal stabilize the multiple oxidation states of nickel.

Naturalist novels in the 1880s subverted sympathy for the working classes by the narrator's identification in favor of the middle classes. While Emile Zola was considered a portrayer of social injustice, his 1885 book 'Germinal' is critical of the worker hero. The 1880 book 'Die beiden Genossen' by Max Kretzer and the 1886 book 'Demos' by George Gissing also look down upon politically active worker heroes.

Aim: To describe how registered nurse work motivation, attitudes, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control influence intention to promote physical activity in hospitalised adult liver transplant recipients. Design: Descriptive study of clinical registered nurses caring for recipients of liver transplant at a tertiary medical centre. Methods: Intent to Mobilise Liver Transplant Recipient Scale, Work Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Scale, and demographics were used to explore registered nurses' work motivation, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and intention to promote physical activity of hospitalised adult liver transplant recipients during the acute postoperative phase. Data analysis included demographics, comparison between scale items and analysis of factors predicting intent to mobilise. Results: Factors predictive of intention to promote physical activity after liver transplant included appropriate knowledge to mobilise patients (R2 = .40) and identification of physical activity as nursing staff priority (R2 = .15) and responsibility (R2 = .03). Discussion/Implications for Nursing Management: When implementing an early mobilisation protocol after the liver transplant, education on effects of physical activity in the immediate postoperative period are essential to promote implementation in practice. Nursing care environment and leadership must be supportive to ensure mobility is a registered nurse priority and responsibility. Nursing managers can leverage results to implement a mobility protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extent of pollen limitation in natural populations is still problematic for many herbaceous plants. Burd (1994) demonstrated from survey data that pollen limitation was found in 62% of plant species; however, none of the studies in his survey investigated pollen limitation in a large sample of populations from different habitat types. Trillium grandiflorum is a bee-pollinated, herbaceous perennial common in a variety of habitats in southern Ontario. Controlled hand-pollinations demonstrated that the species is self-incompatible. Comparisons of seed set from open and supplemental hand-pollinations in 18 populations from large woodlands, small woodlands and disturbed sites (roadsides and hedgerows) were undertaken to evaluate the intensity of pollen limitation among populations and habitat types. There was significant variation in the intensity of pollen limitation among populations. However, the extent of pollen limitation was not significantly associated with habitat type, presumably because generalist pollinators that visit T. grandiflorum occur in all three habitat types. Evidence was obtained that T. grandiflorum plants occurring at low density were more susceptible to pollen limitation than those occurring at high density.

No abstract available for this article. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]