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In recent years, Large Language Models (LLM) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in the field of natural language processing (NLP). This paper explores the application of LLMs in negotiation transcript analysis by the Vanderbilt AI Negotiation Lab. Starting in September 2022, we applied multiple strategies using LLMs from zero shot learning to fine tuning models to in-context learning). The final strategy we developed is explained, along with how to access and use the model. This study provides a sense of both the opportunities and roadblocks for the implementation of LLMs in real life applications and offers a model for how LLMs can be applied to coding in other fields.

Although the principal physical behaviour of a material is inherently connected to its fundamental crystal structure, the behaviours observed in the real-world are often driven by the microstructure, which for many polycrystalline materials, equates to the size and shape of the constituent crystal grains. Here we highlight a cutting edge synthesis route to the controlled engineering of grain structures in thin films and the simplification of associated 3-dimensional problems to less complex 2D ones. This has been applied to the actinide ceramic, uranium dioxide, to replicate structures typical in nuclear fission fuel pellets, in order to investigate the oxidation and subsequent transformation of cubic UO$_{2}$ to orthorhombic U$_{3}$O$_{8}$. This article shows how this synthesis approach could be utilised to investigate a range of phenomena, affected by grain morphology, and highlights some unusual results in the oxidation behaviour of UO$_{2}$, regarding the phase transition to U$_{3}$O$_{8}$., Comment: 21 pages, 3 figures

For a fermionic quantum field theory in $d=1+1$ dimensions, there is a subtle difference between summing over spin structures and gauging $(-1)^F$. If the gravitational anomaly vanishes mod 16, then both operations are equivalent and yield a bosonic theory. But if the gravitational anomaly only vanishes mod 8, then only gauging $(-1)^F$ is allowed, and the result is a fermionic theory. Our goal is to understand in detail how this happens, despite the fact $(-1)^F$ is defined in terms of shifting the spin structure, which would na\"ively suggest that both operations are equivalent. We do this from three perspectives: an abstract view in terms of anomalies, explicit CFT calculations, and a Symmetry TFT perspective. To conclude, we illustrate our results using the heterotic string and the famous self-triality of 8 Majorana-Weyl fermions., Comment: 44 pages, 9 figures

We study the scattering of fermions off 't Hooft lines in the Standard Model. A long-standing paradox suggests that the outgoing fermions necessarily carry fractional quantum numbers. In a previous paper, we resolved this paradox in the context of a number of toy models where we showed that the outgoing radiation is created by operators that are attached to a co-dimension 1 topological surface. This shifts the quantum numbers of the outgoing states associated to non-anomalous symmetries to be integer valued as required, while the quantum numbers associated to anomalous symmetries are fractional. Here we apply these ideas to the Standard Model., Comment: 42 pages

Dynamic fibrils (DFs) are commonly observed chromospheric features in solar active regions. Recent observations from the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUI) aboard the Solar Orbiter have revealed unambiguous signatures of DFs at the coronal base, in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emission. However, it remains unclear if the DFs detected in the EUV are linked to their chromospheric counterparts. Simultaneous detection of DFs from chromospheric to coronal temperatures could provide important information on their thermal structuring and evolution through the solar atmosphere. In this paper, we address this question by using coordinated EUV observations from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA), Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS), and EUI to establish a one-to-one correspondence between chromospheric and transition region DFs (observed by IRIS) with their coronal counterparts (observed by EUI and AIA). Our analysis confirms a close correspondence between DFs observed at different atmospheric layers, and reveals that DFs can reach temperatures of about 1.5 million Kelvin, typical of the coronal base in active regions. Furthermore, intensity evolution of these DFs, as measured by tracking them over time, reveals a shock-driven scenario in which plasma piles up near the tips of these DFs and, subsequently, these tips appear as bright blobs in coronal images. These findings provide information on the thermal structuring of DFs and their evolution and impact through the solar atmosphere., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A Letters. Animation files are available https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/17-fqQz_P2T18llJ1jB6MJISMRvT5063F?usp=sharing

We reconsider the problem of electrically charged, massless fermions scattering off magnetic monopoles. The interpretation of the outgoing states has long been a puzzle as, in certain circumstances, they necessarily carry fractional quantum numbers. We argue that consistency requires such outgoing particles to be attached to a topological co-dimension 1 surface, which ends on the monopole. This surface cannot participate in a 2-group with the magnetic 1-form symmetry and is often non-invertible. Equivalently, the outgoing radiation lies in a twisted sector and not in the original Fock space. The outgoing radiation therefore not only carries unconventional flavor quantum numbers, but is often trailed by a topological field theory. We exemplify these ideas in the 1+1 dimensional, chiral 3450 model which shares many of the same features. We comment on the effects of gauge field fluctuations on the lowest angular momentum fermion scattering states in the presence of a magnetic monopole. While, to leading order, these zero modes can penetrate into the monopole core, in the full theory some of the zero modes are lifted and develop a small centrifugal barrier. The dynamics of the zero modes is that of a multi-flavor Schwinger model with a space-dependent gauge coupling. Symmetries and anomalies constrain the fate of the pseudo-zero modes., Comment: 60 pages

We classify two-dimensional purely chiral conformal field theories which are defined on two-dimensional surfaces equipped with spin structure and have central charge less than or equal to 16, and discuss their duality webs. This result can be used to confirm that the list of non-supersymmetric ten-dimensional heterotic string theories found in the late 1980s is complete and does not miss any exotic example., Comment: 29+13 pages; v2: published version, with many improvements in presentation thanks to comments by the referees

The solar chromosphere hosts a wide variety of transients, including dynamic fibrils (DFs) that are characterised as elongated, jet-like features seen in active regions, often through H$\alpha$ diagnostics. So far, these features have been difficult to identify in coronal images primarily due to their small size and the lower spatial resolution of the current EUV imagers. Here we present the first unambiguous signatures of DFs in coronal EUV data using high-resolution images from the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUI) on board Solar Orbiter. Using the data acquired with the 174~{\AA} High Resolution Imager (HRI$_{EUV}$) of EUI, we find many bright dot-like features (of size 0.3-0.5 Mm) that move up and down (often repeatedly) in the core of an active region. In a space-time map, these features produce parabolic tracks akin to the chromospheric observations of DFs. Properties such as their speeds (14 km~s$^{-1}$), lifetime (332~s), deceleration (82 m~s$^{-2}$) and lengths (1293~km) are also reminiscent of the chromospheric DFs. The EUI data strongly suggest that these EUV bright dots are basically the hot tips (of the cooler chromospheric DFs) that could not be identified unambiguously before because of a lack of spatial resolution., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A Letters. Event movie can be downloaded from https://drive.google.com/file/d/1o_4jHA5JbyQtrpUBtB3ItE_s3HjF6ncc/view?usp=sharing