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311 results on '"Smith, R.F."'

5. Frontiers in attributing climate extremes and associated impacts

Author

Perkins-Kirkpatrick, S.E., Alexander, L.V., King, A.D., Kew, S.F., Philip, S.Y., Barnes, C., Maraun, D., Stuart-Smith, R.F., Jézéquel, A., Bevacqua, Emanuele, Burgess, S., Fischer, E., Hegerl, G.C., Kimutai, J., Koren, G., Lawal, K.A., Min, S.-K., New, M., Odoulami, R.C., Patricola, C.M., Pinto, I., Ribes, A., Shaw, T.A., Thiery, W., Trewin, B., Vautard, R., Wehner, M., Zscheischler, Jakob, Perkins-Kirkpatrick, S.E., Alexander, L.V., King, A.D., Kew, S.F., Philip, S.Y., Barnes, C., Maraun, D., Stuart-Smith, R.F., Jézéquel, A., Bevacqua, Emanuele, Burgess, S., Fischer, E., Hegerl, G.C., Kimutai, J., Koren, G., Lawal, K.A., Min, S.-K., New, M., Odoulami, R.C., Patricola, C.M., Pinto, I., Ribes, A., Shaw, T.A., Thiery, W., Trewin, B., Vautard, R., Wehner, M., and Zscheischler, Jakob

Abstract

The field of extreme event attribution (EEA) has rapidly developed over the last two decades. Various methods have been developed and implemented, physical modelling capabilities have generally improved, the field of impact attribution has emerged, and assessments serve as a popular communication tool for conveying how climate change is influencing weather and climate events in the lived experience. However, a number of non-trivial challenges still remain that must be addressed by the community to secure further advancement of the field whilst ensuring scientific rigour and the appropriate use of attribution findings by stakeholders and associated applications. As part of a concept series commissioned by the World Climate Research Programme, this article discusses contemporary developments and challenges over six key domains relevant to EEA, and provides recommendations of where focus in the EEA field should be concentrated over the coming decade. These six domains are: (1) observations in the context of EEA; (2) extreme event definitions; (3) statistical methods; (4) physical modelling methods; (5) impact attribution; and (6) communication. Broadly, recommendations call for increased EEA assessments and capacity building, particularly for more vulnerable regions; contemporary guidelines for assessing the suitability of physical climate models; establishing best-practice methodologies for EEA on compound and record-shattering extremes; co-ordinated interdisciplinary engagement to develop scaffolding for impact attribution assessments and their suitability for use in broader applications; and increased and ongoing investment in EEA communication. To address these recommendations requires significant developments in multiple fields that either underpin (e.g., observations and monitoring; climate modelling) or are closely related to (e.g., compound and record-shattering events; climate impacts) EEA, as well as working consistently with experts outside of attribution an

Published
2024

10. Legal limits to the use of CO 2 removal

Author

Stuart-Smith, R.F., Rajamani, L., Rogelj, J., Wetzer, T., Stuart-Smith, R.F., Rajamani, L., Rogelj, J., and Wetzer, T.

Abstract

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has indicated that to hold global warming to 1.5°C, consistent with the goals of the 2015 Paris Agreement, global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions need to be reduced to net zero by around mid-century (1). This global goal can be achieved by following various technologically feasible emissions pathways (1), but the range of possible strategies create legal and policy uncertainty regarding the emissions reductions required by states. Pathways differ in their rates of gross and net CO2 emission reductions, their corresponding dependence on CO2 removal (CDR) to stay within the cumulative emissions limit imposed by the global temperature goal (2), and the type of CDR they intend to deploy. In the lead up to this year’s United Nations (UN) Climate Conference (COP28) in Dubai, we present scientific and legal bases for our argument that emission-reduction pathways that depend heavily on CDR may contravene norms and principles of international law.

Published
2023
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19. Ramp compression of diamond to five terapascals

Author

Smith, R.F., Eggert, J.H., Jeanloz, R., Duffy, T.S., Braun, D.G., Patterson, J.R., Rudd, R.E., Biener, J., Lazicki, A.E., Hamza, A.V., Wang, J., Braun, T., Benedict, L.X., Celliers, P.M., and Collins, G.W.

Subjects
Mechanical properties, Methods, Diamonds -- Properties -- Mechanical properties, Pressure measurement -- Methods, Diamond crystals -- Properties -- Mechanical properties, Pressure -- Measurement
Abstract

Mass-radius data for extrasolar planets combined with equation-of-state (EOS) models for constituent materials reveal that matter at pressures of several terapascals is quite common throughout the Universe (1,2,13). At several [...], The recent discovery of more than a thousand planets outside our Solar System (1,2), together with the significant push to achieve inertially confined fusion in the laboratory (3), has prompted a renewed interest in how dense matter behaves at millions to billions of atmospheres of pressure. The theoretical description of such electron-degenerate matter has matured since the early quantum statistical model of Thomas and Fermi (4-10), and now suggests that new complexities can emerge at pressures where core electrons (not only valence electrons) influence the structure and bonding of matter (11). Recent developments in shock-free dynamic (ramp) compression now allow laboratory access to this dense matter regime. Here we describe ramp-compression measurements for diamond, achieving 3.7-fold compression at a peak pressure of 5 terapascals (equivalent to 50 million atmospheres). These equation-of-state data can now be compared to first-principles density functional calculations (12) and theories long used to describe matter present in the interiors of giant planets, in stars, and in inertial-confinement fusion experiments. Our data also provide new constraints on mass-radius relationships for carbon-rich planets.

Published
2014

33. Recent developments in X-UV optics and X-UV diagnostics

Author

Zeitoun, Ph., Balcou, Ph., Bucourt, S., Delmotte, F., Dovillaire, G., Douillet, D., Dunn, J., Faivre, G., Fajardo, M., Goldberg, K.A., Hubert, S., Hunter, J.R., Idir, M., Jacquemot, S., Kazamias, S., le Pape, S., Levecq, X., Lewis, C.L.S., Marmoret, R., Mercère, P., Morlens, A.S., Naulleau, P.P., Ravet, M.F., Rémond, C., Rocca, J.J., Smith, R.F., Troussel, P., Valentin, C., and Vanbostal, L.

Published
2004
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37. Cuticular Proteins

Author

Willis, J.H., primary, Iconomidou, V.A., additional, Smith, R.F., additional, and Hamodrakas, S.J., additional

Published
2005
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39. Shock timing on the National Ignition Facility: First experiments

Author

Celliers P.M., Robey H.F., Boehly T.R., Alger E., Azevedo S., Berzins L.V., Bhandarkar S.D., Bowers M.W., Brereton S.J., Callahan D., Castro C., Chandrasekaran H., Choate C., Clark D.S., Coffee K.R., Datte P.S., Dewald E.L., DiNicola P., Dixit S., Döppner T., Dzenitis E., Edwards M.J., Eggert J.H., Fair J., Farley D.R., Frieders G., Gibson C.R., Giraldez E., Haan S., Haid B., Hamza A.V., Haynam C., Hicks D.G., Holunga D.M., Horner J.B., Jancaitis K., Jones O.S., Kalantar D., Kline J.L., Krauter K.G., Kroll J.J., LaFortune K.N., Pape S. Le, Malsbury T., Mapoles E.R., Meezan N.B., Milovich J.L., Moody J.D., Moreno K., Munro D.H., Nikroo A., Olson R.E., Parham T., Pollaine S., Radousky H.B., Ross G.F., Sater J., Schneider M.B., Shaw M., Smith R.F., Sterne P.A., Thomas C.A., Throop A., Town R.P.J., Trummer D., Wonterghem B.M. Van, Walters C.F., Widmann K., Widmayer C., Young B.K., Atherton L.J., Collins G.W., Landen O.L., Lindl J.D., MacGowan B.J., Meyerhofer D.D., and Moses E.I.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

An experimental campaign to tune the initial shock compression sequence of capsule implosions on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) was initiated in late 2010. The experiments use a NIF ignition-scale hohlraum and capsule that employs a re-entrant cone to provide optical access to the shocks as they propagate in the liquid deuterium-filled capsule interior. The strength and timing of the shock sequence is diagnosed with velocity interferometry that provides target performance data used to set the pulse shape for ignition capsule implosions that follow. From the start, these measurements yielded significant new information on target performance, leading to improvements in the target design. We describe the results and interpretation of the initial tuning experiments.

Published
2013
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42. An Overview of Recent Scientific Progress in the Catalysis and Sorption Project

Author

Newsam, J.M., primary, Deem, M.W., additional, Freeman, C.M., additional, Gorman, A., additional, Ho, A., additional, Kölmel, C.M., additional, Levine, S.M., additional, Li, Y.S., additional, Lindsay, R.J., additional, Ng, J., additional, Roberts, K.M., additional, Smith, R.F., additional, Sorensen, R., additional, Stockdale, L.L., additional, Thomas, R., additional, van Daelen, M.A., additional, Vessal, B., additional, Sauer, J., additional, Schröder, K-P., additional, and Bell, R.G., additional

Published
1993
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49. Large elastic wave amplitude and attenuation in shocked pure aluminum

Author

Gupta, Y.M., Winey, J.M., Trivedi, P.B., Lalone, B.M., Smith, R.F., Eggert, J.H., and Collins, G.W.

Subjects
Aluminum -- Electric properties, Aluminum -- Mechanical properties, Deformations (Mechanics) -- Analysis, Elasticity -- Evaluation, Shock waves -- Analysis, Physics
Abstract

Shock-induced elastic-plastic deformation in pure aluminum is examined at 4 GPa peak stress by measuring wave profiles in thin samples under plate impact loading. The combination of large elastic wave attenuation in thin samples and differences in sample thicknesses has shown a consistent picture of shock propagation in pure aluminum where time-dependent elastic-plastic response is confined to material very near the impact surface.

Published
2009

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