Search

We demonstrate uncertainty quantification for deep neural network predictions of transition metal X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectra. Our results not only provide accurate spectral predictions, but reliably assess when the model fails.

Vitamin D is an immunomodulatory hormone with an established role in calcium and phosphate metabolism and skeletal mineralization. Evidence showing its immunological benefits by regulating essential components of the innate and adaptive immune system is prevalent. Vitamin D deficiency is reported worldwide and is thereby found to be associated with various immune-related diseases. Rheumatoid Arthritis and COVID-19 are two such diseases, sharing a similar hyperinflammatory response. Various studies have found an association of lower Vitamin D levels to be associated with both these diseases. However, contrasting data is also reported. We review here the available scientific data on risk factor association and supplementation benefits of Vitamin D in Rheumatoid Arthritis and COVID-19, intending to critically evaluate the literature.

In today's IT-regulated era, data is nothing less than money. It is rightly said that a person who has data can become a millionaire. That is the power of data. For business organisations, information and business-related data is like blood. If there is any shortage or leakage, it could risk the life of the business. The business information has become a part of the valuable assets of the company. Thus, information security should be given high importance in the corporate governance system of the company. For this purpose, the role of the management of the company comes into focus. The management and the board of directors work towards the success of their company; thus, it is their sole responsibility to protect the valuable assets including the confidential business information. The board needs to make decisions regarding corporate governance by keeping the information security in consideration. Thus, information security governance is the need of the hour. The present chapter focuses on the importance of the information security governance in today's information-driven world.

2-Halogenatedphenyl benzoxazole-5-carboxylic acids with mono-halogen (chloro, bromo and fluoro) substituted at ortho-, meta- and para-positions on the phenyl ring were designed and synthesized based on significance of presence of halogen in increasing number of marketed halogenated drugs and importance of benzoxazoles. These 2-alogenatedphenylbenzoxazole-5-carboxylic acids and their methyl esters were screened for anti-inflammatory activity, and cytotoxicity. 2-(3-Chlorophenyl)benzoxaole-5-carboxylic acid (6b) exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity with IC

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disease, primarily affects synovial joints but has systemic manifestations upon progression. Considering limited specific diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, identifying the disease early and monitoring its progression is important. Previous reports have shown that Huntingtin Interacting Protein 1 (HIP1) is over-expressed in rat synoviocytes, and its autoantibodies in sera of some cancers has diagnostic relevance. Here, we explored HIP1 and its autoantibody levels along with Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines in sera of RA patients for their potential as surrogate markers. Relative level of autoantibodies to HIP1 was detected using an in-house developed ELISA. HIP1 expression was found comparable in RA patients and controls. HIP1 autoantibodies were found significantly raised in RA patients (p=0.002) and were higher in patients with active disease, thereby correlating with disease progression (p=0.042). Elevated Th1 and IL-6 cytokines (p=0.024) were found in a subset of patients with active disease, coinciding with their pro-inflammatory profile. This is the first report demonstrating a humoral immune response against HIP1 in RA patients, correlating with an active disease status. Further studies in a larger cohort are required to validate this as a surrogate marker.Key Points⍰HIP1 autoantibodies are significantly increased in sera of RA patients.⍰HIP1 autoantibodies correlate with active disease in RA patients.

The increasing use of nanomaterials and scalable, high-yield nanofabrication process are revolutionizing the development of novel biosensors. Over the past decades, researches on nanotechnology-mediated biosensing have been on the forefront due to their potential application in healthcare, pharmaceutical, cell diagnosis, drug delivery, and water and air quality monitoring. The advancement of nanoscale science relies on a better understanding of theory, manufacturing and fabrication practices, and the application specific methods. The topology and tunable properties of nanoparticles, a part of nanoscale science, can be changed by different manufacturing processes, which separate them from their bulk counterparts. In the recent past, different nanostructures, such as nanosphere, nanorods, nanofiber, core–shell nanoparticles, nanotubes, and thin films, have been exploited to enhance the detectability of labelled or label-free biological molecules with a high accuracy. Furthermore, these engineered-materials-associated transducing devices, e.g., optical waveguides and metasurface-based scattering media, widened the horizon of biosensors over a broad wavelength range from deep-ultraviolet to far-infrared. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the major scientific achievements in nano-biosensors based on optical fiber, nanomaterials and terahertz-domain metasurface-based refractometric, labelled and label-free nano-biosensors.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterised by severe joint and bone damage due to heightened autoimmune response at the articular sites. Worldwide annual incidence and prevalence rate of RA is 3 cases per 10,000 population and 1%, respectively. Several genetic and environmental (microbiota, smoking, infectious agents) factors contribute to its pathogenesis. Although convention treatment strategies, predominantly Disease Modifying Anti Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) and Glucocorticoids (GC), are unchanged as the primary line of treatment; novel strategies consisting of biological DMARDs, are being developed and explored. Personalized approaches using biologicals targetspecific pathways associated with disease progression. However, considering the economic burden and side-effects associated with these, there is an unmet need on strategies for early stratification of the inadequate responders with cDMARDs. As RA is a complex disease with a variable remission rate, it is important not only to evaluate the current status of drugs in clinical practice but also those with the potential of personalised therapeutics. Here, we provide comprehensive data on the treatment strategies in RA, including studies exploring various combination strategies in clinical trials. Our systematic analysis of current literature found that conventional DMARDs along with glucocorticoid may be best suited for early RA cases and a combination of conventional and targeted DMARDs could be effective for treating seronegative patients with moderate to high RA activity. Clinical trials with insufficient responders to Methotrexate suggest that adding biologicals may help in such cases. However, certain adverse events associated with the current therapy advocate exploring novel therapeutic approaches such as gene therapy, mesenchymal stem cell therapy in future.

Photonic researchers have increasingly exploiting nanotechnology. Due to the advent of numerous prevalent nanosized manufacturing methods that enable adequate shaped nanostructures to be manufactured and investigated as a method of exploiting nano-structured. Owing of the variety of optical modes, hybrid nanostructures that integrate dielectric resonators with plasmonic nanostructures also offer enormous potentials. In this work, we have explored a hybrid coupled nano-structured antenna with stacked lithium tantalate (LiTaO3)/Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) multilayer operating at infrared ranging from 400 nm-2000 nm. Here, the sensitivity response has been explored of the hybrid nano-structured array made up of the gold metal elliptical disk placed on the top of a quartz substrate and excite the different modes in both materials. It shows large electromagnetic confinement at the separation distance (d) of the dimers due to strong surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The influence of the structural dimensions is investigated to optimise the sensitivity of stacked elliptical dimers. The designed hybrid coupled nano-structure with the combination of gold (Au) and Lithium tantalate (LiTaO3) /Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) with h 1 = h 2 = 10 nm each 10 layer exhibits bulk sensitivity (S), which is the spectrum shift unit per refractive index (RI) change in the surrounding medium was calculated to be 730 and 660 nm/RIU with major axis, (a) = 100 nm, minor axis, (b) = 10 nm, separation distance (d) = 10 nm, height, (h) = 100 nm (with or without stacked). The outcomes from the proposed hybrid nanostructure have been compared with a single metallic (only gold) elliptical paired nano-structure to show a significant improvement in the sensitivity using hybrid nano-structure. Depending on these findings, we demonstrated a roughly two-fold increase in sensitivity (S) by utilising a hybrid nano linked nano-structure with respect to identical nano structure, which competes with traditional sensors with the same height, (h) based on localised surface plasmon resonances. Our innovative plasmonic hybrid nanostructures provide a framework for developing plasmonic nanostructures for use in various sensing applications.

The Sixth Sense ‘An Extrasensory Perception’ has turned into the new called ‘The Sixth Sense Technology’ which has emerged in few years. Sixth Sense Technology is a mini-projector coupled with a camera and a cell phone—which acts as the computer and connected to the Cloud, all the information stored on the web. In this time we have seen lots of technology devices which are mind blowing inventions for human’s .As a latest technology called six sense technologies. Six sense technology is a kind of device which does not need to carry any heavy technology device such as camera, watch & computers etc. Here if we have to take picture of any beautiful things or any things then we do not need a camera.

Gold nanoantennas have been used in a variety of biomedical applications due to their attractive electronic and optical properties, which are shape- and size-dependent. Here, a periodic paired gold nanostructure exploiting surface plasmon resonance is proposed, which shows promising results for Refractive Index (RI) detection due to its high electric field confinement and diffraction limit. Here, single and paired gold nanostructured sensors were designed for real-time RI detection. The Full-Width at Half-Maximum (FWHM) and Figure-Of-Merit (FOM) were also calculated, which relate the sensitivity to the sharpness of the peak. The effect of different possible structural shapes and dimensions were studied to optimise the sensitivity response of nanosensing structures and identify an optimised elliptical nanoantenna with the major axis a, minor axis b, gap between the pair g, and heights h being 100 nm, 10 nm, 10 nm, and 40 nm, respectively.&nbsp, In this work, we investigated the bulk sensitivity, which is the spectral shift per refractive index unit due to the change in the surrounding material, and this value was calculated as 526–530 nm/RIU, while the FWHM was calculated around 110 nm with a FOM of 8.1. On the other hand, the surface sensing was related to the spectral shift due to the refractive index variation of the surface layer near the paired nanoantenna surface, and this value for the same antenna pair was calculated as 250 nm/RIU for a surface layer thickness of 4.5 nm.

Designing of strain monitoring system is a vibrant topic for the researchers. Strain monitoring systems are required in various fields such as mechanics, aeronautics, metallurgy and health monitoring of complex structures etc. Researchers designed different strain monitoring systems based on requirements. In this paper, we have reported a comparative study of Optical Fiber Sagnac Interferometer (OFSI) based strain sensors using three different types of fiber, i.e Polarization Maintaining Fiber (PMF), Standard Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) and High Birefringence Photonic Crystal Fiber (Hi-Bi PCF). The transmission spectrums of the sensors were recorded using Optical Spectrum Analyzer (OSA). We have experimentally analyzed the response and sensitivity of the sensors at different applied strains. The experimental results show that the optical interferometric strain sensor using PMF is having highest sensitivity in comparison to other sensors.

Background: Skin biopsy is a common procedure in Dermatology practice. The usual intent of skin biopsy is to further characterize the nature of a skin growth or eruption and assist in diagnosis by allowing histopathological evaluation of a tissue sample. Although histopathology remains the gold standard for most dermatologic diagnoses, it must be recognized that not all lesions are amenable to definitive specific histological diagnosis1. Material & Methods: The present study is undertaken in the department of Pathology, Index Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Indore (M.P). This was a cross sectional observational study which included skin biopsy specimen from 122 cases reported for histopathological evaluation attending Skin & VD OPD of the institute from June 2018 to Feb 2020. On the basis of histopathological features these skin disorders were classified in different groups as per Lever’s classification2. Results: out of 116 cases included in the study, maximum cases belonged to group III (n=43) followed by group V (n=38), group IV (n=11), group I (n=7), group II (n=7), group VI (n=7) and group VII (n=3). Overall most common disease observed was Psoriasis followed by Leprosy. Highest number of cases were found in age group 41-50 years (n=25) and clinicopathological correlation was seen in 79.09% cases. Conclusion: The skin biopsy and subsequent histopathological examination has been proved as gold standard for identifying a specific dermatoses and appropriate management, being most cost effective tool. Keywords: Skin, Histopathology, Psoriasis, Leprosy

The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. It is associated with infrequent epidemic derive by SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) which started in Dec 2019 from Wuhan city, China and escalated throughout the world. The transmission of this SARS-CoV-2 has been reported as a third most pathogenic coronavirus for the human community after SARS-CoV (Severe Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus) and MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus) in 21st century. The aim of this chapter includes portraying the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) technology as a tool to analyse, evaluate, prevent and fight against the COVID-19. Additionally, there is an effort to summarize the molecular biology of this deadly virus, molecular immune pathogenesis, ongoing detection and therapeutic strategies of COVID-19 based on the present understanding of infection mechanism of MERS and SARS coronaviruses. On a broader aspect, this chapter also reports developments in vaccines and therapeutics to cure COVID-19 infection.

The referenced paper [Appl. Opt.58, 3767 (2019)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.58.003767] has been retracted.

The study was performed as per the following objectives to assess the nutritional awareness related to dietary practices, to develop a film strip for nutrition education of selected tribal adolescent girls and to determine the gain in nutritional knowledge of selected adolescent girls through the developed film strip. For the present study adolescent girls of (13-16 years) were selected and divided into two groups, group A consisting of (13-14 years) age and group B consisting (15-16 years) age from 'Doman Dih' village of 'Rahe' block, 'Ranchi' district, state Jharkhand (N=60). The film strip entitled "LADKIYON MAIN POSHAN" was developed for providing the nutritional information and knowledge to the adolescent girls regarding the importance of iron, vitamin A, iodine and their role in our body. In the present study, the nutritional status of adolescent girls and the impact of communication methods on their knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) were studied as pre-exposure data and post-exposure data. There was the positive impact of the film strip shown, as all the results showed significant p < 0.5 which means the nutrition education imparted was fruitfully conducted and knowledge was gained in a better way. About 21.7 per cent of the respondents knew about balanced diet and after imparting nutrition education it raised to 66.7 per cent, 58.3 per cent of the respondents knew about the sources of calcium and after the film strip which was shown, it rose to 86.6 per cent, 66.7 per cent of the respondents knew about the deficiency of anaemia and after providing nutrition education, it rose to 78.3 per cent. 38.3 of the respondents knew about vitamin A but after providing nutrition education, it rose to 56.7 per cent. Knowledge level scores of the respondents was also increased after providing nutrition education, 3.3 per cent of the respondents scored very good and after providing nutrition education, it raised to 51.7 per cent. About 11.7 per cent of the respondents scored good and after providing nutrition education, it rose to 26.6 per cent which showed a positive impact of the adolescent girls towards knowledge.

The crude extracts of two cyanobacterial strains, isolated from water bodies of Shekhawati region of India, and identified as Anabaena doliolum and Nostoc spongiaeforme, in ‐ vivo mouse bioassay model. A dose of 100μg of total protein/kg of body weight showed restlessness, spasmodic leaping, slow movement and loss of co ‐ ordination within 6hours of intraperitonial (i.p) administration in Swiss albino mice. Further purification of crude extracts with the help of thin layer chromatography using silica gel GF 60 plates, showed four spots for each of these strains. The chronic toxicity studies with sub lethal dose of spot ‐ 3 from A. doliolum have shown to cause colon tumors, whereas sub lethal dose of spot ‐ 3 from N. spongiaeforme induced the intestinal tumors. An increase in oxidative stress (MDA level), serum ALT, ALP, AST and LDH level was also found in both the cases. These spots were further analysis with HPLC and MALDI TOFF Ms and were identified as Dihydro Microcystin –LR and [D ‐ Asp3] Microcystin ‐ WR in case of Ad spot ‐ 3 and Microcystin ‐ LR and [D ‐ Asp3] microcystin ‐ HtyR in case of Ns spot ‐ 3. showed high level of hepatotoxicity and tumor promoting activity in