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9. Cosmetic Plumbism

Author

Snodgrass, G. J. A. I., Ziderman, David A., Gulati, V., and Richards, Jean

Published
1973

11. Seventh Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes: Southampton, England, September 15–17, 1971

Author

Knussman, R., Toeller, M., Kopf, A., Tchobroutsky, G., Eschwege, E., Dauchy, F., Korec, R., Koschinsky, Th., Gries, F. A., Herberg, L., Krug, E., Mialhe, P., Marliss, E. B., Kanazawa, Y., Kikuchi, M., Burr, I. M., Stauffacher, W., Renold, A. E., Lambert, A. E., Orci, L., Blondel, B., Rouiller, C., Langslow, D. R., Freeman, B. M., Laube H., Kruger, C., Goberna, R., Fussganger, R., Teller, W., Pfeiffer, E. F., Raptis, S., Legros, F., Conard, V., Metzger, P., Rogister, C., Tinant, A., Lernmark, A., Hellman, B., Sehlin, J., Täljedal, I. -B., Lesobre, B., Hewitt, J., Canivet, J., Levett, R. E., Korp, W., Loubatières, A., Mariani, M. M., Jallet, F., Lundbak, K., Speich, E., Johansen, K., Ørskov, H., Luyckx, A. S., Massi-Benedetti, F., Lefèbvre, P. J., Malaisse, W. J., Brisson, G. R., Marco, J., Diaz-Fierros, M., Baroja, I. M., Villanueva, M. L., Valverde, I., Massara, F., Camanni, F., Molinatti, G. M., McCarroll, A. M., Murphy, R. F., Teale, J. D., Buchanan, K. D., Menzinger, G., Javicoli, M., Fallucca, F., Tamburrano, G., Andreani, D., Michaelis, D., Jutzi, E., Neumann, I., Schulz, B., Hildmann, W., Bibergeil, H., Mincu, I., Campeanu, S., Dumitrescu, C., Mihalache, N., Mincu, T., Parvulescu, M., Georgescu, S., Nuteanu, V., Mogensen, C. E., Hansen, Aa. Prange, Seyer-Hansen, K., Ruth, C. E., Østerby, C. E., Möller, E. B., Bergström, A. L., Wingstrand, H., Persson, S., Morell, B., Froesch, E. R., Mosora, N., Baciu, Tr., Vincze, J., Motocou, M., Simionesco, Ligia, Duma, V., Gligore, V., Muggio, M., Fedele, D., Bagnariol, G., Tiengo, A., Fellin, R., Enzi, G., Rasmussen, S. Munkgaard, Nielsen, Poul Ebbe, Nielsen, S. Levin, Niklas, L., Otto, H., Fuchs, R., Nye, L., Triggs, S., Landon, J., de Mowbray, R., Oelz, O., Oppermann, W., Iwatsuka, H., Ehrenreich, T., Gordon, A., Camerini-Davalos, R. A., Ammon, H. P. T., Steinke, J., Orsetti, A., Bali, J. P., Serre, Mme A., Mirouze, J., Östman, J., Cerasi, E., Efendić, S., Luft, R., Brinck, U., Sabin, J., Sparthe, R., Wübbens, D., Page, M. A., Williamson, D. H., Panten, U., Kriedstein, Ev., Poser, W., Schönborn, J., Hasselblatt, A., Parry, D. G., Taylor, K. W., Polosa, P., Motta, L., Lunetta, M., Pozza, G., Melogli, O., Viberti, G. C., Pappalettera, A. E., Palmieri, G. C., Tognetti, A., Ghidoni, A., Pyörälä, K., Nikkilä, E. A., Lehtovirta, E., Taskinen, M. -R., Pelkonen, R., Siltanen, P., Schröder, K. E., Rothenbuchner, G., Thum, Ch., Fussgänger, R., Sträub, K., Klör, U., Rastogi, G. K., Sinha, M. K., Dash, R. J., Rehfeld, J. F., Stadil, F., Riveline, B., Verry, M., Rosak, C., Bartelt, K. M., Haupt, E., Beyer, J., Schöffling, K., Rosselin, G., Valleron, A. J., Papoz, L., Birk, J., Loos, U., Rudas, B., Wick, G., Samsel, J., Karmann, H., Schatz, H., Rahman, Y. Abdel, Hinz, M., Katsilambros, N., Maier, V., Fehm, H. L., Schenk, K. E., Quabbe, H. J., Klemens, U., Schröder, R., Schennetten, Felix P. N., Schlichtkrull, J., Scandellari, C., Conte, N., Federspil, G., Frezzato, S., Trisotto, A., Scott, R. D. M., Prud'homme, M., Kipnis, D. M., Bricker, N. S., Klahr, S., Skrabalo, Z., Smith, M. J., Hall, M. R. P., Sodovez, J. C., Sodovez-Goffaux, F., Dunbar, J. C., Foà, P. P., Spaethe, R., Meyer, B., Srivastava, M. C., Sönksen, P. H., Tompkins, C. V., Nabarro, J. D. N., Balant, L., Amherdt, M., Cameron, D. P., Steingaszner, O., Kammerer, L., Bretán, M., Sterne, J., Guilcher, S. Le, Rousselet, M., Stimmler, L., Snodgrass, G. J. A. I., Sutherland, Hamish, Tohobroutsky, G., Assan, R., Tompkins, C. V., Track, N. S., Trap-Jensen, J., Turner, M. R., Heard, C. R. C., Reeds, P. J., Munday, K. A., Vague, P., Oliver, C., Jacquet, P., Vague, J., Warnet, J. M., Claude, J. R., Rathery, M., Lozano, I., van Assche, F. A., van't Laar, A., Vigas, M., Haist, R. E., Braun, W., Drucker, W. R., Vitelli, A., Giangrandi, E., Fusco, E., Scaroina, F., Waldhäusl, W. K., Weiss, L., Löffler, G., Schirmann, A., Wieland, O., Westermark, Per, and Woodroffe, F. J.

Published
1972
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20. Expression profiles of astakine-like transcripts in the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris, exposed to fungal spores of Beauveria bassiana.

Author

Shelby, K. S., Perera, O. P., and Snodgrass, G. L.

Subjects
INSECT genetics, GENE expression, CYTOKINES, TARNISHED plant bug, FUNGAL spores, BEAUVERIA bassiana, PROKINETICINS
Abstract

ABSTRACT Astakines are hematopoietic cytokines originally isolated from crustaceans. We identified three astakine-like transcripts in the tarnished plant bug ( Lygus lineolaris), LlAst-1, LlAst-2 and LlAst-3, containing prokineticin domains. Quantitative real-time PCR showed variation in expression patterns of astakines in different tissues and between sexes. Relative expression levels of LlAst-1 were highest in the fat bodies of females, while LlAst-2 expression was highest in the fat bodies of both males and females. LlAst-3 expression was higher in male legs compared with the female legs, but lower in all other tissues. Infection with the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana slightly elevated LlAst-1 expression 48 h after infection in both males and females. In contrast, the expression levels of LlAst-2 and LlAst-3 were not significantly changed in males and females. Compared with 12:00 h, LlAst-1 level was higher in both sexes at 18:00 h and 00:00 h (midnight). By 6:00 h, the LlAst-1 level in females was significantly reduced while that in males remained high. LlAst-2 and -3 had highest relative expression levels in females at midnight but were significantly lower than in males at midnight and in both sexes at 18:00 h and 6:00 h. This is the first report of expression of astakine-like cytokines from insects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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29. The characteristics of medical retraction notices

Author

Snodgrass, G L and Pfeifer, M P

Subjects
Research Article
Abstract

During the past twenty years, more than ninety retraction notices have been published in biomedical journals. These retractions constitute a unique body of literature that biomedical researchers, bibliographers, and librarians must monitor to reduce scientific use of retracted, invalid papers. An analysis of medical retraction notices shows that very few are prominent in style, format, or placement, in spite of authoritative publication standards formulated by the International Council of Medical Journal Editors. Although researchers are ultimately responsible for the validity of the information they cite in their own publications, biomedical librarians are in a unique position to educate their patrons regarding retracted papers.

Published
1992

31. Demographic Parameters of Nezara viridula (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) Reared on Two Diets Developed for Lygus spp..

Author

Portilla, M., Snodgrass, G., Streett, D., and Luttrell, R.

Abstract

Two artificial diets developed for rearing Lygus spp., a fresh yolk chicken egg based-diet (FYD) and a dry yolk chicken egg based-diet (DYD), were evaluated as an alternative food source for rearing the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Survival to adult was 97.3 and 74.67%, respectively, on the fresh and dry yolk diets. Insects fed FYD had 100% survival of nymphs from first through fourth instars. Adult development was significantly shorter on FYD (30.37±SE 0.30 d) as compared with DYD (32.77±SE 0.16 d). Increased male and female longevity, higher fecundity, and larger egg mass sizes were also observed with N. viridula-fed FYD. However, fertility and hatchability was higher on DYD. A complete cohort life table was constructed to describe the development of N. viridula on both diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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36. SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF TARNISHED PLANT BUG AND STINK BUG NYPMPS TO VARIOUS INSECTICIDES.

Author

Allen, K. C., Musser, F. R., Jackson, R. E., and Snodgrass, G. L.

Abstract

Laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the susceptibility of the nymphal stages and adult stage of the tarnished plant bug to a pyrethroid (permethrin), organophosphate (methamidophos), and a neonicotinoid (thiamethoxam) insecticide. The susceptibilities of 5th instar and adult stages of the green, southern green, and redbanded stink bugs were examined using the pyrethroid, bifenthrin, and organophosphate, acephate. Insects were individually placed into glass vials coated with various doses of each insecticide and mortality was recorded after three hours for plant bugs and after 24 hours for stink bugs. Three to four replications of each life stage were assayed with a different cohort of individuals used for each replication. For tarnished plant bugs, estimated LC50's of the 4th and 5th instar nymphs to permethrin and methamidophos were 1.2 to 3.3 times higher than that of adults for the insecticides examined, while the first through third instar nymphs were less than that of adults. There was no real difference in the response of 3rd through 5th instar tarnished plant bug nymphs and adults to thiamethoxam. The LC50's of the 5th instars of the various stink bug species were 1.6 to 10.5 times as high as that of adults depending on stink bug species and insecticide tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010

38. QUANTIFYING TARNISHED PLANT BUG RESISTANCE TO ACEPHATE IN LOUISIANA COTTON.

Author

Copes, J. T., Snodgrass, G. L., Bagwell, R. D., and Sharp, J. W.

Abstract

Acephate is one of the most important control tools of the tarnished plant bug. Tarnished plant bug (TPB), Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), resistance to acephate could potentially affect Louisiana cotton production. This study surveyed acephate susceptibility in Louisiana populations of TPB using laboratory assays and evaluated acephate efficacy in field trials. The insecticide residual on glass (vial tests) bioassays were used to determine acephate LC50's for seven populations during 2008. The LC50's for these collections ranged from 9.54 to 32.36 μg/vial. The resistance ratios (RR) calculated for all populations ranged from 3.1-10.44 and indicated that field control failures with acephate were likely if infestations were high. The field efficacy tests included five treatments (0[control], and acephate at 0.54, 0.82, 1.1, and 1.34 kg AI/ha) that were arranged in a Latin square design and placed in commercial production fields. A positive rate response for acephate was not observed, and at only one site did the highest rate produce > 80% control. Control of TPB was sporadic with acephate and suggests resistance is playing a role in managing this pest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009

39. Vitamin D metabolites in idiopathic infantile hypercalcaemia.

Author

MARTIN, N. D. T., SNODGRASS, G. J. A. I., COHEN, R. D., PORTEOUS, C. E., COLDWELL, R. D., TRAFFORD, D. J. H., MAKIN, H. L. J., Martin, N D, Snodgrass, G J, Trafford, D J, and Makin, H L

Abstract

Metabolites of vitamin D were measured in plasma from 83 patients with idiopathic infantile hypercalcaemia syndrome who were mentally handicapped but had normal calcium values at the time of the study. No significant difference was detected in the mean plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, or 25,26-dihydroxyvitamin D3 between patients and age matched controls. The mean plasma concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 was significantly lower in patients than controls but this may be a secondary phenomenon related to less sunlight exposure. In addition, two hypercalcaemic patients with this syndrome were studied during the first year of life, and were found to have normal concentrations of vitamin D metabolites. These findings do not support a role for abnormal vitamin D metabolism in the pathogenesis of this syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1985
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40. Idiopathic infantile hypercalcaemia--a continuing enigma.

Author

MARTIN, N. D. T., SNODGRASS, G. J. A. I., COHEN, R. D., Martin, N D, and Snodgrass, G J

Abstract

Seventy six children with documented Fanconi-type idiopathic infantile hypercalcaemia were studied and compared with 41 with the Williams-Beuren syndrome. Clinical comparison showed, as expected, very close similarities but also considerable differences, particularly in the severity of feeding problems and the degree of failure to thrive. The estimated incidence of idiopathic infantile hypercalcaemia alone has remained constant for the past 20 years, at approximately 18 cases per year in the United Kingdom (1 per 47 000 total live births). Long term morbidity in these children is mainly due to mental handicap and arteriopathy, but hypertension (29%), kyphoscoliosis (19%), hyperacusis (75%), and obesity (50%) may be added complications. In one child, hypercalcaemia recurred during adolescence but this seems to be excessively rare. More detailed investigation before treatment is required to discover the aetiology of hypercalcaemia in this condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1984
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41. Relation between changes in plasma calcium in first week of life and renal function.

Author

STIMMLER, L., SNODGRASS, G. J. A. I., GUPTA, Y., STOTHERS, J. K., BROWN, D., and Snodgrass, G J

Subjects
KIDNEY physiology, ANIMALS, BREAST milk, CALCIUM, CATTLE, CREATININE, GLOMERULAR filtration rate, NEWBORN infants, MILK, OSMOLAR concentration
Abstract

(1) Of 71 infants fed on reconstituted dried or evaporated cow's milk, 31 showed a fall in plasma calcium between the 1st and 6th days of life, whereas in 35 breast-fed infants this occurred in only 5. (2) Those artificially-fed infants who had shown a rise in plasma calcium over this period had significantly lower plasma creatinine values and significantly higher excretion of creatinine than those infants who showed a fall in calcium levels. (3) Artificially-fed infants who had shown a rise in calcium had significantly lower plasma osmolality and significantly higher osmolar excretion in the urine than those infants who showed a fall in plasma calcium. (4) It is suggested that a delay in the normal increase in glomerular filtration rate during the first week of life in some infants leads to phosphate retention. This, together with a higher dietary intake of phosphate, leads to a decrease of the plasma calcium to hypocalcaemic levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1975

42. A Cultural Method for the Area-Wide Control of Tarnished Plant Bug Lygus lineolaris in Cotton.

Author

Vreysen, M. J. B., Robinson, A. S., Hendrichs, J., Abel, C. A., Snodgrass, G. L., and Gore, J.

Abstract

In the mid-southern region of the USA, a method involving one application to marginal areas near roads, fields, and ditches of an herbicide that selectively kills key spring broadleaf hosts of the tarnished plant bug Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) was developed and implemented in four 23 square kilometre areas. Overall mean numbers of tarnished plant bug adults and nymphs were significantly lower in treated-area cotton. The average reductions in overall mean numbers of plant bugs in the treated areas were 45.5 and 47% for adults and nymphs, respectively, from 1999-2001. Economists at Mississippi State University conducted an analysis of the programme used on over 8400 hectares of cotton in 1999-2001, and demonstrated that the technology produced savings of USD 14.59/ha in insecticide costs (herbicide application included). An environmental impact study conducted by Louisiana State University, detected no to extremely low levels of herbicide residue in run-off water from conducting the programme. Research is currently being conducted to investigate the use of a fungal entomopathogen, sterile males, and parasitoids to augment or replace the use of herbicides. KEYWORDS tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris, cotton, marginal areas, early season wild host plant, area-wide suppression, herbicides [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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44. THE DEVELOPMENT OF TARNISHED PLANT BUG ON VARIOUS CORN TISSUE.

Author

Abel, C. A. and Snodgrass, G. L.

Abstract

Corn may play an important role in the season-long dynamics of tarnished plant bug infesting cotton. During June, VT (tasseling) and R1 (silking) stage field corn may be very attractive to ovipositing tarnished plant bugs. Consultants and researchers have collected nymphs and adult stage tarnished plant bugs from corn; however, it is still unknown if the insect is able to reproduce on the crop. Our objectives for this study were to determine if the pest can develop on corn tissue and to quantify egg production for tarnished plant bug adults reared on the crop. There were no differences in survival rates of tarnished plant bug fed milk-stage kernels collected from the middle and base of the ear when compared to the broccoli control. Plant bugs reared on broccoli and milk-stage kernels took 11.5 d and 11.6 d, respectively, to become adults. Females reared on broccoli produced significantly more eggs than those females reared on milk-stage kernels, but not those reared on corn cob tips which contained blister- and milk-stage kernels. These results indicate that milk-stage corn seed is an excellent food source for developing tarnished plant bug. Because developing corn seed from healthy ears is unavailable to plant bug feeding, ear damage by the corn earworm/bollworm is probably critical for the tarnished plant bug to feed and complete its normal development. Future research will study the life history of tarnished plant bug on corn grown in the field and population densities emerging from silk-feeding resistant and susceptible corn lines will be estimated to determine the relative impact of infestations in mid- to late-season cotton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2003

45. FIELD PLOT STUDIES OF TARNISHED PLANT BUGS ON SELECTED WILD HOST PLANTS WITH AND WITHOUT BURNDOWN HERBICIDE APPLICATION AND REMOTE SENSING FOR HOST DETECTION.

Author

Sudbrink, Jr., D. L., Harris, F. A., English, P. J., Robbins, J. T., and Snodgrass, G. L.

Abstract

Tarnished plant bug (TPB), Lygus lineolaris, feeds and reproduces on a variety of early-season wild host plants before the cotton cropping season begins. These host plants have been the focus of area-wide management programs that use burndown herbicides to reduce the hosts, thus reducing crop infestation by TPB. Populations of TPB can be reduced by as much as five times when compared with untreated areas. Plot experiments were conducted to determine effects of plant species (broadleaf hosts and non-host grasses) and burn-down herbicide applications (treated or untreated) on TPB populations. TPB numbers were significantly greater in broadleaves vs. grasses. Among broadleaf hosts, radish had the highest TPB numbers followed by crimson clover, hairy vetch, and Austrian winter pea. Burn-down herbicide applications to vetch & ryegrass/ vetch treatment plots prevented TPB population increases, while untreated vetch and ryegrass/vetch plots had significant increases of TPB. Untreated vetch and ryegrass/vetch plots had three to ten-fold more TPB than burn-down herbicide treated plots (which is similar to results from area-wide management studies). Remotely sensed imagery of plots revealed NDVI and G-NDVI values of broadleaves that were lower than grasses. Remote sensing may be useful for early-season host detection, but more needs to be known about host phenology, plant stand mixture, and texture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2003

46. EARLY SEASON HERBICIDE TREATMENT OF WILD HOST PLANTS IN MARGINAL AREAS NEAR FIELDS, ROADS, AND DITCHES AND RESULTING NUMBERS OF TARNISHED PLANT BUGS IN TREATED AND UNTREATED AREAS.

Author

Snodgrass, G. L., Scott, W. P., Hardee, D. D., and Robbins, J. T.

Abstract

A single herbicide (Strike 3™) application in early season was made to marginal areas around fields, roads, and ditches in 23 square kilometer (9 square miles) areas of the Mississippi Delta in 1999, 2000, and 2001. The herbicide was used to kill broad leaf weeds in the marginal areas which served as food and reproductive hosts for tarnished plant bugs. The herbicide was effective and caused a significant reduction in wild host densities in the treated areas in all three years. Tarnished plant bug populations in treated areas did not increase significantly in the treated marginal areas during April and May following treatment of the areas in the first two weeks of March in 2000 and 2001. Significant increases in plant bug populations occurred on wild hosts in marginal areas in untreated areas in both years. The herbicide application was made in the first two weeks of April 1999, and in this year plant bug populations increased in marginal areas which were treated. The increase was caused by plant bugs moving to Italian ryegrass which was not affected by the herbicide. Ryegrass is abundant in marginal areas in the delta, and blooms during April. These results showed that the herbicide application was effective in reducing numbers of broad leaf wild hosts and plant bug populations that utilized them. To be most effective, the application should be made in late-February through the first two weeks of March to avoid moving plant bugs onto Italian ryegrass when it is in bloom and can serve as a host. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2003

50. Urinary infection in two selected neonatal populations.

Author

GOWER, P. E., HUSBAND, P., COLEMAN, J. C., SNODGRASS, G. J. A. I., and Snodgrass, G J

Subjects
URINARY tract infection diagnosis, COLLECTION & preservation of biological specimens, ENTEROCOCCUS, ESCHERICHIA coli, NEONATAL diseases, URINARY tract infections, BACTERIURIA, LEUKOCYTE count
Published
1970
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