Search

The section discusses various reports published within the issue, including one on developments in weaving machinery and another on the productivity and production costs of weaving and knitting.

A subject index for the March 1972 issue, "The Production of Woven Fabrics," is presented.

References for the March 1972 issue, "The Production of Woven Fabrics," are presented.

The section of "The Production of Woven Fabrics" focuses on research papers related to weaving problems and fabric defects. Some of the problems associated with weaving are warp-thread breakage, weft-thread breakage, weft skew and weft snarls. Warp-thread breakage is related to warp tension and warp control. A relationship has been found between the static and dynamic forces in warp threads during weaving. It has been stated that 30% of the total number of weft breakages are caused by faulty weft changes.

The section of "The Production of Woven Fabrics" focuses on the production management of woven fabrics in the textile industry discussed in various papers published in the previous sections. The systems for collection and processing of data is stated to have become increasingly refined with the development of computer technology. In their papers, researchers Z. Heczko and A. Ackermann have described the applications for monitoring production in a weaving department. In their papers, researchers Z. Heczko and A. Ackermann have described the applications for monitoring production in a weaving department. In his research paper, H.A. Cann discusses a number of monitoring systems that utilizes small computers.

The section of "The Production of Woven Fabrics" focuses on various reports related to loom developments. An overview of developments in looms were presented in an exhibition of the International Textile Manufacturers Federation held in 1971. Before this exhibition, a paper was presented that gave general features of various shuttleless looms and compared their production rates and costs. According to a report, any development in weaving machinery should reduce conversion cost, improve cloth quality and image of the weaving industry. Many reports praise Sulzer weaving machines, which are considered as top class weaving machine by cloth manufacturers in respect of performance linked with versatility.

The article presents the Textile Institute's textile research on the use of cathode ray oscillographs in loom study and on individual warp-thread tension variations during weaving. An electron beam is generated from a heated cathode and focused by electrostatic fields. Direct or alternating electric currents are applied to two sets of deflecting plates in order to deflect the electron beam from its position of rest. The tension in a selected warp thread and the angular displacement of the loom mainshaft from an arbitrarily chosen zero point are two variables which must be converted into voltages.

The article analyzes an experiment that determines the large contributors to pile waste in spool-Axminster carpet production. Researches have indicated how experiments can be carried out to provide reliable information on waste in spool-Axminster weaving. It has been shown in the graphs the brake-setting required to maintain a constant draw-off tension serve as a guide as to how pneumatic or other forms of brake-setting control should operate during weaving. The results would obviously have to be verified for the weaving of a full chain of spools.

The article presents a discussion on the efficient mixing of irregular weft yarns on two types of looms including looms which have multiple boxes at one side only, and looms with multiple boxes at both sides and picking-at-will. It also investigates the aspect of the series of weft mixing and the methods used. It also demonstrates that replenishment of weft is more likely to give pirn change bars or a difference in patterning at weft change than replenishing one shuttle at a time. The variation in yarn thickness, imperfect distribution of colors in fibers, and unlevel dyeing are factors to consider in cloth manufacturing.

The article reports on several aspects concerning the application of tension to warp threads during weaving. The reasons for the application of tension to warp threads are to obtain a clear shed for the passage of the shuttle and to resist the action of the reed as it moves to beat up the weft. The warp is tensioned more than is necessary frequently and is delivered from a beam. In addition, the pull on the warp at beat-up get over the frictional resistance and rotates the beam slightly. A summary of the effect or lack effect of warp tension on several properties of woven fabrics is presented.

The article discusses the factors which affect the number of warp breakages in woollen and worsted weaving. It has been that the tension on any thread which breaks is greater as compared with the strength of the thread at the point of breakage and therefore the warp threads which break as they pass from the warp beam into the fabric during weaving are insufficiently strong at their weakest points. It should be considered that the excessive tension causing breakage may be created by low extensibility of yarns. The number of warp thread breakages in weaving depends upon the strength and extensibility of the warp yarn especially at the weak points and points of low extensibility and the gain or loss in strength and extensibility of the yarn as it is prepared on the warp beam.

The geometry of the 2/2 twill is studied by reference to (a) an idealized cloth made of flexible and frictionless threads, and (b) a simpler model derived from this. The existence of interactions tending to disturb the model from a square configuration is shown and their magnitudes are related to the basic parameters. In the idealized cloth, these interactions produce an equilibrium configuration which is not square. The degree of skewness is related to the diameter and crimp of the threads and the influence of yarn stiffness and friction on the skewness in practical cloths is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method of measuring the force required to remove tufts from carpet structures is described. It uses the Instron strength tester and fits a specially designed sample holder as the lower or pulling clamp of the instrument. After discussing the results of tests made on spool Axminster, gripper Axminster and Wilton carpets (which were made primarily to assess the method of test) the factors affecting tuft bind in Wilton carpets are discussed in considerable detail. The discussion is based on the weaving and testing of a very large number of carpet samples and refers to : (1) the effects of differences in the structure and quality (rows per inch; depth of pile; tightness of base structure; type of weft; weave; and varying amounts of "dead" pile); (2) the effects of modifications in weaving technique (tension on chain, stuffer and pile warps; wet or sized compared with dry weft; braking the chain jumbold during the beat-up; varying the level of feeding the warps to the loom; and timing the changes of the sheds); and (3) the effects of finishing treatments with particular reference to back-sizing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The section of "The Production of Woven Fabrics" focuses on papers dealing with technicalities related to textile weaving. A research paper from Russia presents details of a device for measuring fell displacement during weaving. Another paper discusses influence of factors like the number and positions of the heald shafts, the type of weave, coefficient of friction between warp, fabric and the diameter of the winding on the warp beam. The excess tension theory has been formulated by a researcher suggests that the beat-up force is equal to the difference between the warp tension and the fabric tension.

The article features the weaving machine called the "Shirley" loom of the Textile Institute. The loom is an example of the results made possible by the combination of ideas put forward by a Research Association and the practical aspects of machine making. The staff of the British Cotton Industry Research Association had worked out in detail what they thought to be desirable features in a loom, particularly in a loom for the weaving of continuous filament yarns and came out with the machine. The result was then demonstrated to the Press representatives.

A name index for the March 1972 issue, "The Production of Woven Fabrics," is presented.

Publishers, loom manufacturers and the people that the author would like to thank for their assistance in the creation of his report are mentioned.