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17,461 results on '"So Kazama"'

1. A comparative spatial analysis of flood susceptibility mapping using boosting machine learning algorithms in Rathnapura, Sri Lanka

Author: Kumudu Madhawa Kurugama, So Kazama, Yusuke Hiraga, and Chaminda Samarasuriya
Subjects: CatBoost, flood susceptibility, GIS, LightGBM, machine leaning, River protective works. Regulation. Flood control, TC530-537, Disasters and engineering, TA495
Abstract: Abstract Identifying flood‐prone areas is essential for preventing floods, reducing risks, and making informed decisions. A spatial database with 595 flood inventory and 13 flood predictors were used to implement five boosting algorithms: gradient boosting machine (GBM), extreme gradient boosting, categorical boosting, logit boost, and light gradient boosting machine (LGBM) to map flood susceptibility in Rathnapura while evaluating trained model's generalizing ability and assessing the feature importance in flood susceptibility mapping (FSM). The model performance was evaluated using the F1‐score, kappa index, and area under curve (AUC) method. The findings revealed that all the models were effective in identifying the overall flood susceptibility trends while LightGBM model had superior results (F1‐score = 0.907, Kappa value = 0.813 and AUC = 0.970), securing the top scores across all performance metrics compared to the other models (for testing dataset). Based on kappa evaluation, most of the models had finer performance (AUC min = 0.737) while LightGBM had moderate performance for predictions beyond the training region. According to the results, regions with lower altitudes and topographic roughness values, moderate rainfall, and proximity to rivers are more susceptible to flooding. This framework can be adapted for rapid FSM in data‐deficient regions.
Published: 2024
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2. How should river embankments be spatially developed, from the upstream section or the downstream section?

Author: Taisei Koma, Tatsuhito Kono, and So Kazama
Subjects: cost–benefit analysis, flood control planning, kinematic wave method, river embankments, spatial developments, River protective works. Regulation. Flood control, TC530-537, Disasters and engineering, TA495
Abstract: Abstract Using an economic model of how river embankments affect local residents, we explore the efficiency of embankment construction from two viewpoints: (1) which section of a river should be constructed first, the upstream or downstream section, and (2) how tall the embankments should be constructed depending on the section. For this purpose, we first develop a model to determine efficient construction of embankments using a hydraulic model. Then, we perform numerical simulations, which are calibrated with recorded ground data for the Kitakami and Abukuma Rivers. The results reveal that the construction from the upstream section can be efficient if the upstream section has a much larger population than the downstream section. We show that constructing higher embankments in the upstream section generates negative externalities in the downstream section because it increases the possibility of flooding in the downstream section. In addition, when the amount of inflow from tributaries into the downstream section is sufficiently large compared to that into the upstream section, embankments with efficient heights bring about Pareto improvements, giving benefit to residents in the downstream section as well as the upstream section. Moreover, we show that the efficient embankment heights depend on which section the construction starts from.
Published: 2023
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3. Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Sensitivity of the XLZD Rare Event Observatory

Author: XLZD Collaboration, Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Adrover, M., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Akerib, D. S., Musalhi, A. K. Al, Alder, F., Althueser, L., Amaral, D. W. P., Amarasinghe, C. S., Ames, A., Andrieu, B., Angelides, N., Angelino, E., Antunovic, B., Aprile, E., Araújo, H. M., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Babicz, M., Bajpai, D., Baker, A., Balzer, M., Bang, J., Barberio, E., Bargemann, J. W., Barillier, E., Basharina-Freshville, A., Baudis, L., Bauer, D., Bazyk, M., Beattie, K., Beaupere, N., Bell, N. F., Bellagamba, L., Benson, T., Bhatti, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Biondi, R., Biondi, Y., Birch, H. J., Bishop, E., Bismark, A., Boehm, C., Boese, K., Bolotnikov, A., Brás, P., Braun, R., Breskin, A., Brew, C. A. J., Brommer, S., Brown, A., Bruni, G., Budnik, R., Burdin, S., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Carini, G., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carter, M., Chauvin, A., Chawla, A., Chen, H., Cherwinka, J. J., Chin, Y. T., Chott, N. I., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Clark, K., Colijn, A. P., Colling, D. J., Conrad, J., Converse, M. V., Coronel, R., Costanzo, D., Cottle, A., Cox, G., Cuenca-García, J. J., Curran, D., Cussans, D., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Darlington, I., Dave, S., David, A., Davies, G. J., Decowski, M. P., Deisting, A., Delgaudio, J., Dey, S., Di Donato, C., Di Felice, L., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Ding, C., Dobson, J. E. Y., Doerenkamp, M., Drexlin, G., Druszkiewicz, E., Dunbar, C. L., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Engel, R., Eriksen, S. R., Fayer, S., Fearon, N. M., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fieldhouse, N., Fischer, H., Flaecher, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fraser, E. D., Fruth, T. M. A., Fujikawa, K., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Gaitskell, R. J., Gallice, N., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garroum, N., Geffre, A., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Ghosh, S., Giacomobono, R., Gibbons, R., Girard, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Glück, F., Gokhale, S., Grandi, L., Green, J., Grigat, J., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Größle, R., Guan, H., Guida, M., Gyorgy, P., Haiston, J. J., Hall, C. R., Hall, T., Hammann, R., Hannen, V., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Hargittai, N., Hartigan-O'Connor, E., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hernandez, M., Hertel, S. A., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hiraoka, K., Hoetzsch, L., Hoferichter, M., Homenides, G. J., Hood, N. F., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Hughes, S., Hunt, D., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jacquet, E., Jakob, J., James, R. S., Joerg, F., Jones, S., Kaboth, A. C., Kahlert, F., Kamaha, A. C., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Keller, M., Kemp-Russell, P., Khaitan, D., Kharbanda, P., Kilminster, B., Kim, J., Kirk, R., Kleifges, M., Klute, M., Kobayashi, M., Kodroff, D., Koke, D., Kopec, A., Korolkova, E. V., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S., Kreczko, L., von Krosigk, B., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Kuger, F., Kurita, N., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Lawes, C., Lee, J., Lehnert, B., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Levinson, L., Li, A., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Liang, Z., Lin, J., Lin, Y. -T., Lindemann, S., Linden, S., Lindner, M., Lindote, A., Lippincott, W. H., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Lopes, M. I., Lorenzon, W., Loutit, M., Lu, C., Lucchetti, G. M., Luce, T., Luitz, S., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Maier, B., Majewski, P. A., Manalaysay, A., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Mannino, R. L., Marignetti, F., Marley, T., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Maupin, C., McCabe, C., McCarthy, M. E., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J. B., Melchiorre, A., Menéndez, J., Messina, M., Miller, E. H., Milosovic, B., Milutinovic, S., Miuchi, K., Miyata, R., Mizrachi, E., Molinario, A., Monteiro, C. M. B., Monzani, M. E., Morå, K., Moriyama, S., Morrison, E., Morteau, E., Mosbacher, Y., Mount, B. J., Müller, J., Murdy, M., Murphy, A. St. J., Murra, M., Naylor, A., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Newstead, J. L., Nguyen, A., Ni, K., O'Hare, C., Oberlack, U., Obradovic, M., Olcina, I., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Orpwood, J., Ostrowskiy, I., Ouahada, S., Oyulmaz, K., Paetsch, B., Palladino, K. J., Palmer, J., Pan, Y., Pandurovic, M., Pannifer, N. J., Paramesvaran, S., Patton, S. J., Pellegrini, Q., Penning, B., Pereira, G., Peres, R., Perry, E., Pershing, T., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Piepke, A., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qiao, K., Qie, Y., Qin, J., Radeka, S., Radeka, V., Rajado, M., García, D. Ramírez, Ravindran, A., Razeto, A., Reichenbacher, J., Rhyne, C. A., Richards, A., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Riyat, H. S., Rosero, R., Roy, A., Rushton, T., Rynders, D., Saakyan, R., Sanchez, L., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santone, D., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Scaffidi, A., Schnee, R. W., Schreiner, J., Schulte, P., Schulze, H., Eißing, Schumann, M., Schwenck, A., Schwenk, A., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Sharma, S., Shaw, S., Shen, W., Sherman, L., Shi, S., Shi, S. Y., Shimada, T., Shutt, T., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Simgen, H., Sinev, G., Singh, R., Siniscalco, J., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Song, Z., Sorensen, P., Soria, J., Stanley, O., Steidl, M., Stenhouse, T., Stevens, A., Stifter, K., Sumner, T. J., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, W. C., Thers, D., Thümmler, T., Tiedt, D. R., Tönnies, F., Tong, Z., Toschi, F., Tovey, D. R., Tranter, J., Trask, M., Trinchero, G., Tripathi, M., Tronstad, D. R., Trotta, R., Tunnell, C. D., Urquijo, P., Usón, A., Utoyama, M., Vaitkus, A. C., Valentino, O., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Velan, V., Vetter, S., de Viveiros, L., Volta, G., Vorkapic, D., Wang, A., Wang, J. J., Wang, W., Wang, Y., Waters, D., Weerman, K. M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Whitis, T. J., Wild, K., Williams, M., Wilson, M., Wilson, S. T., Wittweg, C., Wolf, J., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodford, S., Woodward, D., Worcester, M., Wright, C. J., Wu, V. H. S., üstling, S. W, Wurm, M., Xia, Q., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, J., Xu, Y., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yeh, M., Yu, B., Zavattini, G., Zha, W., Zhong, M., and Zuber, K.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The XLZD collaboration is developing a two-phase xenon time projection chamber with an active mass of 60 to 80 t capable of probing the remaining WIMP-nucleon interaction parameter space down to the so-called neutrino fog. In this work we show that, based on the performance of currently operating detectors using the same technology and a realistic reduction of radioactivity in detector materials, such an experiment will also be able to competitively search for neutrinoless double beta decay in $^{136}$Xe using a natural-abundance xenon target. XLZD can reach a 3$\sigma$ discovery potential half-life of 5.7$\times$10$^{27}$ yr (and a 90% CL exclusion of 1.3$\times$10$^{28}$ yr) with 10 years of data taking, corresponding to a Majorana mass range of 7.3-31.3 meV (4.8-20.5 meV). XLZD will thus exclude the inverted neutrino mass ordering parameter space and will start to probe the normal ordering region for most of the nuclear matrix elements commonly considered by the community., Comment: 29 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2024

4. The XLZD Design Book: Towards the Next-Generation Liquid Xenon Observatory for Dark Matter and Neutrino Physics

Author: XLZD Collaboration, Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Adrover, M., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Akerib, D. S., Musalhi, A. K. Al, Alder, F., Althueser, L., Amaral, D. W. P., Amarasinghe, C. S., Ames, A., Andrieu, B., Angelides, N., Angelino, E., Antunovic, B., Aprile, E., Araújo, H. M., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Babicz, M., Bajpai, D., Baker, A., Balzer, M., Bang, J., Barberio, E., Bargemann, J. W., Barillier, E., Basharina-Freshville, A., Baudis, L., Bauer, D., Bazyk, M., Beattie, K., Beaupere, N., Bell, N. F., Bellagamba, L., Benson, T., Bhatti, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Biondi, R., Biondi, Y., Birch, H. J., Bishop, E., Bismark, A., Boehm, C., Boese, K., Bolotnikov, A., Brás, P., Braun, R., Breskin, A., Brew, C. A. J., Brommer, S., Brown, A., Bruni, G., Budnik, R., Burdin, S., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Carini, G., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carter, M., Chauvin, A., Chawla, A., Chen, H., Cherwinka, J. J., Chin, Y. T., Chott, N. I., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Clark, K., Colijn, A. P., Colling, D. J., Conrad, J., Converse, M. V., Coronel, R., Costanzo, D., Cottle, A., Cox, G., Cuenca-García, J. J., Curran, D., Cussans, D., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Darlington, I., Dave, S., David, A., Davies, G. J., Decowski, M. P., Deisting, A., Delgaudio, J., Dey, S., Di Donato, C., Di Felice, L., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Ding, C., Dobson, J. E. Y., Doerenkamp, M., Drexlin, G., Druszkiewicz, E., Dunbar, C. L., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Engel, R., Eriksen, S. R., Fayer, S., Fearon, N. M., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fieldhouse, N., Fischer, H., Flaecher, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fraser, E. D., Fruth, T. M. A., Fujikawa, K., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Gaitskell, R. J., Gallice, N., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garroum, N., Geffre, A., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Ghosh, S., Giacomobono, R., Gibbons, R., Girard, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Glück, F., Gokhale, S., Grandi, L., Green, J., Grigat, J., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Größle, R., Guan, H., Guida, M., Gyorgy, P., Haiston, J. J., Hall, C. R., Hall, T., Hammann, R., Hannen, V., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Hargittai, N., Hartigan-O'Connor, E., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hernandez, M., Hertel, S. A., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hiraoka, K., Hoetzsch, L., Hoferichter, M., Homenides, G. J., Hood, N. F., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Hughes, S., Hunt, D., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jacquet, E., Jakob, J., James, R. S., Joerg, F., Jones, S., Kaboth, A. C., Kahlert, F., Kamaha, A. C., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Keller, M., Kemp-Russell, P., Khaitan, D., Kharbanda, P., Kilminster, B., Kim, J., Kirk, R., Kleifges, M., Klute, M., Kobayashi, M., Kodroff, D., Koke, D., Kopec, A., Korolkova, E. V., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S., Kreczko, L., von Krosigk, B., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Kuger, F., Kurita, N., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Lawes, C., Lee, J., Lehnert, B., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Levinson, L., Li, A., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Liang, Z., Lin, J., Lin, Y. -T., Lindemann, S., Linden, S., Lindner, M., Lindote, A., Lippincott, W. H., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Lopes, M. I., Lorenzon, W., Loutit, M., Lu, C., Lucchetti, G. M., Luce, T., Luitz, S., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Maier, B., Majewski, P. A., Manalaysay, A., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Mannino, R. L., Marignetti, F., Marley, T., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Maupin, C., McCabe, C., McCarthy, M. E., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J. B., Melchiorre, A., Menéndez, J., Messina, M., Miller, E. H., Milosovic, B., Milutinovic, S., Miuchi, K., Miyata, R., Mizrachi, E., Molinario, A., Monteiro, C. M. B., Monzani, M. E., Morå, K., Moriyama, S., Morrison, E., Morteau, E., Mosbacher, Y., Mount, B. J., Müller, J., Murdy, M., Murphy, A. St. J., Murra, M., Naylor, A., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Newstead, J. L., Nguyen, A., Ni, K., O'Hare, C., Oberlack, U., Obradovic, M., Olcina, I., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Orpwood, J., Ostrowskiy, I., Ouahada, S., Oyulmaz, K., Paetsch, B., Palladino, K. J., Palmer, J., Pan, Y., Pandurovic, M., Pannifer, N. J., Paramesvaran, S., Patton, S. J., Pellegrini, Q., Penning, B., Pereira, G., Peres, R., Perry, E., Pershing, T., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Piepke, A., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qiao, K., Qie, Y., Qin, J., Radeka, S., Radeka, V., Rajado, M., García, D. Ramírez, Ravindran, A., Razeto, A., Reichenbacher, J., Rhyne, C. A., Richards, A., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Riyat, H. S., Rosero, R., Roy, A., Rushton, T., Rynders, D., Saakyan, R., Sanchez, L., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santone, D., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Scaffidi, A., Schnee, R. W., Schreiner, J., Schulte, P., Schulze, H., Eißing, Schumann, M., Schwenck, A., Schwenk, A., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Sharma, S., Shaw, S., Shen, W., Sherman, L., Shi, S., Shi, S. Y., Shimada, T., Shutt, T., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Simgen, H., Sinev, G., Singh, R., Siniscalco, J., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Song, Z., Sorensen, P., Soria, J., Stanley, O., Steidl, M., Stenhouse, T., Stevens, A., Stifter, K., Sumner, T. J., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, W. C., Thers, D., Thümmler, T., Tiedt, D. R., Tönnies, F., Tong, Z., Toschi, F., Tovey, D. R., Tranter, J., Trask, M., Trinchero, G., Tripathi, M., Tronstad, D. R., Trotta, R., Tunnell, C. D., Urquijo, P., Usón, A., Utoyama, M., Vaitkus, A. C., Valentino, O., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Velan, V., Vetter, S., de Viveiros, L., Volta, G., Vorkapic, D., Wang, A., Wang, J. J., Wang, W., Wang, Y., Waters, D., Weerman, K. M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Whitis, T. J., Wild, K., Williams, M., Wilson, M., Wilson, S. T., Wittweg, C., Wolf, J., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodford, S., Woodward, D., Worcester, M., Wright, C. J., Wu, V. H. S., üstling, S. W, Wurm, M., Xia, Q., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, J., Xu, Y., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yeh, M., Yu, B., Zavattini, G., Zha, W., Zhong, M., and Zuber, K.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: This report describes the experimental strategy and technologies for a next-generation xenon observatory sensitive to dark matter and neutrino physics. The detector will have an active liquid xenon target mass of 60-80 tonnes and is proposed by the XENON-LUX-ZEPLIN-DARWIN (XLZD) collaboration. The design is based on the mature liquid xenon time projection chamber technology of the current-generation experiments, LZ and XENONnT. A baseline design and opportunities for further optimization of the individual detector components are discussed. The experiment envisaged here has the capability to explore parameter space for Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) dark matter down to the neutrino fog, with a 3$\sigma$ evidence potential for the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross sections as low as $3\times10^{-49}\rm cm^2$ (at 40 GeV/c$^2$ WIMP mass). The observatory is also projected to have a 3$\sigma$ observation potential of neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe at a half-life of up to $5.7\times 10^{27}$ years. Additionally, it is sensitive to astrophysical neutrinos from the atmosphere, sun, and galactic supernovae., Comment: 32 pages, 14 figures
Published: 2024

5. Model-independent searches of new physics in DARWIN with a semi-supervised deep learning pipeline

Author: Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Adrover, M., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Amaral, D. W. P., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Martin, D. Antón, Antunovic, B., Aprile, E., Babicz, M., Bajpai, D., Balzer, M., Barberio, E., Baudis, L., Bazyk, M., Bell, N. F., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Biondi, Y., Bismark, A., Boehm, C., Boese, K., Braun, R., Breskin, A., Brommer, S., Brown, A., Bruni, G., Budnik, R., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Chauvin, A., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Decowski, M. P., Deisting, A., Di Donato, C., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Doerenkamp, M., Drexlin, G., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Engel, R., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fujikawa, K., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garroum, N., Giacomobono, R., Girard, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Glück, F., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Größle, R., Guan, H., Guida, M., Gyorgy, P., Hammann, R., Hannen, V., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Hargittai, N., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hiraoka, K., Hoetzsch, L., Hoferichter, M., Hood, N. F., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., James, R. S., Joerg, F., Kahlert, F., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Keller, M., Kharbanda, P., Kilminster, B., Kleifges, M., Klute, M., Kobayashi, M., Koke, D., Kopec, A., von Krosigk, B., Kuger, F., LaCascio, L., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, A., Li, S., Liang, S., Liang, Z., Lin, Y. -T., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Lucchetti, G. M., Luce, T., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Maier, B., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Melchiorre, A., Menéndez, J., Messina, M., Milosovic, B., Milutinovic, S., Miuchi, K., Miyata, R., Molinario, A., Monteiro, C. M. B., Morå, K., Moriyama, S., Morteau, E., Mosbacher, Y., Müller, J., Murra, M., Newstead, J. L., Ni, K., O'Hare, C., Oberlack, U., Obradovic, M., Ostrowskiy, I., Ouahada, S., Paetsch, B., Pan, Y., Pandurovic, M., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qiao, K., Qin, J., Rajado, M., García, D. Ramírez, Ravindran, A., Razeto, A., Sanchez, L., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Sartorelli, G., Scaffidi, A., Schreiner, J., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Schwenck, A., Schwenk, A., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Sharma, S., Shen, W., Shi, S. Y., Shimada, T., Simgen, H., Singh, R., Solmaz, M., Stanley, O., Steidl, M., Stevens, A., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Thers, D., Thümmler, T., Tönnies, F., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Trotta, R., Tunnell, C. D., Urquijo, P., Utoyama, M., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Vetter, S., Volta, G., Vorkapic, D., Wang, W., Weerman, K. M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wilson, M., Wittweg, C., Wolf, J., Wu, V. H. S., Wüstling, S., Wurm, M., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhong, M., and Zuber, K.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We present a novel deep learning pipeline to perform a model-independent, likelihood-free search for anomalous (i.e., non-background) events in the proposed next generation multi-ton scale liquid Xenon-based direct detection experiment, DARWIN. We train an anomaly detector comprising a variational autoencoder and a classifier on extensive, high-dimensional simulated detector response data and construct a one-dimensional anomaly score optimised to reject the background only hypothesis in the presence of an excess of non-background-like events. We benchmark the procedure with a sensitivity study that determines its power to reject the background-only hypothesis in the presence of an injected WIMP dark matter signal, outperforming the classical, likelihood-based background rejection test. We show that our neural networks learn relevant energy features of the events from low-level, high-dimensional detector outputs, without the need to compress this data into lower-dimensional observables, thus reducing computational effort and information loss. For the future, our approach lays the foundation for an efficient end-to-end pipeline that eliminates the need for many of the corrections and cuts that are traditionally part of the analysis chain, with the potential of achieving higher accuracy and significant reduction of analysis time., Comment: 10 Figures, 3 Tables, 23 Pages (incl. references)
Published: 2024

6. First Search for Light Dark Matter in the Neutrino Fog with XENONnT

Author: Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Boese, K., Brown, A., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chávez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Decowski, M. P., Deisting, A., Di Donato, C., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Morabit, S. el, Elykov, A., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Ghosh, S., Giacomobono, R., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Gyorgy, P., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koke, D., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lin, Y. -T., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Liu, M., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Luce, T., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Melchiorre, A., Merz, J., Messina, M., Michael, A., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Pan, Y., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Rajado, M., Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shi, J., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Szyszka, C., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C. D., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Vetter, S., Solar, F. I. Villazon, Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., and Zhong, M.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We search for dark matter (DM) with a mass [3,12] $\mathrm{GeV} / c^2$ using an exposure of 3.51 $\mathrm{t} \times \mathrm{y}$ with the XENONnT experiment. We consider spin-independent, spin-dependent, momentum-dependent, mirror DM, and self-interacting DM with a light mediator coupling to Standard Model particles. Using a lowered energy threshold compared to the previous WIMP search, a blind analysis of [0.5, 5.0] $\mathrm{keV}$ nuclear recoil events reveals no significant signal excess over the background. XENONnT excludes spin-independent DM-nucleon cross sections $>2.5 \times 10^{-45} \mathrm{~cm}^2$ at $90 \%$ confidence level for 6 $\mathrm{GeV} / c^2$ DM. The solar ${ }^8 \mathrm{B}$ neutrino coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering background accounts for approximately half of the background in the signal region. In the considered mass range, the DM sensitivity approaches the 'neutrino fog', the limitation where neutrinos produce a signal that is indistinguishable from that of light DM-xenon nucleus scattering.
Published: 2024

7. XENONnT Analysis: Signal Reconstruction, Calibration and Event Selection

Author: XENON Collaboration, Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Boese, K., Brown, A., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chávez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Decowski, M. P., Deisting, A., Di Donato, C., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Ghosh, S., Giacomobono, R., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Gyoergy, P., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koke, D., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lin, Y. -T., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Luce, T., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Melchiorre, A., Merz, J., Messina, M., Michael, A., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Pan, Y., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Rajado, M., Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shi, J., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C. D., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Vetter, S., Solar, F. I. Villazon, Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., and Zhong, M.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability
Abstract: The XENONnT experiment, located at the INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy, features a 5.9 tonne liquid xenon time projection chamber surrounded by an instrumented neutron veto, all of which is housed within a muon veto water tank. Due to extensive shielding and advanced purification to mitigate natural radioactivity, an exceptionally low background level of (15.8 $\pm$ 1.3) events/(tonne$\cdot$year$\cdot$keV) in the (1, 30) keV region is reached in the inner part of the TPC. XENONnT is thus sensitive to a wide range of rare phenomena related to Dark Matter and Neutrino interactions, both within and beyond the Standard Model of particle physics, with a focus on the direct detection of Dark Matter in the form of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). From May 2021 to December 2021, XENONnT accumulated data in rare-event search mode with a total exposure of one tonne $\cdot$ year. This paper provides a detailed description of the signal reconstruction methods, event selection procedure, and detector response calibration, as well as an overview of the detector performance in this time frame. This work establishes the foundational framework for the `blind analysis' methodology we are using when reporting XENONnT physics results., Comment: 27 pages, 23 figures
Published: 2024

8. Spatial frequency analysis of annual extreme daily precipitation across Japan

Author: Hajime Yanagisawa, So Kazama, and Yoshiya Touge
Subjects: D4PDF, Return period, Return area, Median, Global warming, Physical geography, GB3-5030, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract: Study region: Japan. Study focus: In this study, we analyzed the spatial frequency of annual extreme daily precipitation (AEDP) across Japan once every 100 years. A large ensemble analysis was conducted using the database for policy decision making for future climate changes (d4PDF) for precipitation data. A non-parametric method was used to calculate the AEDP amounts for each 20-km cell across Japan. New hydrological insights for the region: The results indicated that AEDP of RP100-year occurs once approximately every 1.18 years in the historical simulation across Japan. Furthermore, according to the Representative Concentration Pathway delivering 8.5 W/m2 globally (RCP 8.5), the frequency of AEDP of RP100-year increases once every 1.00 years in the +4-K future simulation. The mean of AEDP of RP100-year occurrence area with a return period of 100 years is ~10.38 cells (~4150 km2), with a median of six cells (~2400 km2). With future changes in the mean area of AEDP occurrence with a return period of 100 years predicted in RCP 8.5, there could be a massive increase in the area over which AEDP occurs (by ~2.1 times when mean values are used and with a median predicted increase of ~5.0 times the area). Additionally, we examined extreme precipitation values for various return periods using d4PDF data to consider the relationship between the scale of extreme precipitation and its probability.
Published: 2022
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9. First Measurement of Solar $^8$B Neutrinos via Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering with XENONnT

Author: Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Boese, K., Brown, A., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chávez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Decowski, M. P., Deisting, A., Di Donato, C., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Ghosh, S., Giacomobono, R., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Gyorgy, P., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koke, D., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lin, Y. -T., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Liu, M., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Luce, T., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Melchiorre, A., Merz, J., Messina, M., Michael, A., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Pan, Y., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Rajado, M., Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shi, J., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C. D., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Vetter, S., Solar, F. I. Villazon, Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., and Zhong, M.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We present the first measurement of nuclear recoils from solar $^8$B neutrinos via coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering with the XENONnT dark matter experiment. The central detector of XENONnT is a low-background, two-phase time projection chamber with a 5.9\,t sensitive liquid xenon target. A blind analysis with an exposure of 3.51\,t$\times$y resulted in 37 observed events above 0.5\,keV, with ($26.4^{+1.4}_{-1.3}$) events expected from backgrounds. The background-only hypothesis is rejected with a statistical significance of 2.73\,$\sigma$. The measured $^8$B solar neutrino flux of $(4.7_{-2.3}^{+3.6})\times 10^6\,\mathrm{cm}^{-2}\mathrm{s}^{-1}$ is consistent with results from dedicated solar neutrino experiments. The measured neutrino flux-weighted CE$\nu$NS cross-section on Xe of $(1.1^{+0.8}_{-0.5})\times10^{-39}\,\mathrm{cm}^2$ is consistent with the Standard Model prediction. This is the first direct measurement of nuclear recoils from solar neutrinos with a dark matter detector.
Published: 2024

10. A Variational Characterization of $H$-Mutual Information and its Application to Computing $H$-Capacity

Author: Kamatsuka, Akira, Kazama, Koki, and Yoshida, Takahiro
Subjects: Computer Science - Information Theory
Abstract: $H$-mutual information ($H$-MI) is a wide class of information leakage measures, where $H=(\eta, F)$ is a pair of monotonically increasing function $\eta$ and a concave function $F$, which is a generalization of Shannon entropy. $H$-MI is defined as the difference between the generalized entropy $H$ and its conditional version, including Shannon mutual information (MI), Arimoto MI of order $\alpha$, $g$-leakage, and expected value of sample information. This study presents a variational characterization of $H$-MI via statistical decision theory. Based on the characterization, we propose an alternating optimization algorithm for computing $H$-capacity.
Published: 2024

11. XENONnT WIMP Search: Signal & Background Modeling and Statistical Inference

Author: XENON Collaboration, Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Boese, K., Brown, A., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chávez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Decowski, M. P., Di Donato, C., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Ghosh, S., Giacomobono, R., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Gyoergy, P., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lin, Y. -T., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Luce, T., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Melchiorre, A., Messina, M., Michael, A., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Pan, Y., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Rajado, M., Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shi, J., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C. D., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Vetter, S., Solar, F. I. Villazon, Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., and Zhong, M.
Subjects: Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The XENONnT experiment searches for weakly-interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter scattering off a xenon nucleus. In particular, XENONnT uses a dual-phase time projection chamber with a 5.9-tonne liquid xenon target, detecting both scintillation and ionization signals to reconstruct the energy, position, and type of recoil. A blind search for nuclear recoil WIMPs with an exposure of 1.1 tonne-years yielded no signal excess over background expectations, from which competitive exclusion limits were derived on WIMP-nucleon elastic scatter cross sections, for WIMP masses ranging from 6 GeV/$c^2$ up to the TeV/$c^2$ scale. This work details the modeling and statistical methods employed in this search. By means of calibration data, we model the detector response, which is then used to derive background and signal models. The construction and validation of these models is discussed, alongside additional purely data-driven backgrounds. We also describe the statistical inference framework, including the definition of the likelihood function and the construction of confidence intervals., Comment: 20 pages, 10 figures
Published: 2024

12. Topographical Characteristics of Frequent Urban Pluvial Flooding Areas in Osaka and Nagoya Cities, Japan

Author: Daisuke Komori, Kota Nakaguchi, Ryosuke Inomata, Yuika Oyatsu, Ryohei Tachikawa, and So Kazama
Subjects: frequent urban pluvial flooding, topographical characteristics, anthropogenic characteristics, urbanisation, GIS, principal component analysis, Hydraulic engineering, TC1-978, Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes, TD201-500
Abstract: Flooding area records have been available since 1993 in Japan; however, there have been no studies that have utilised these records to elucidate urban pluvial flooding formation mechanisms. Therefore, frequent urban pluvial flooding areas using 20 years of urban pluvial flooding area records during 1993–2012 were identified and analysed using the principal component analysis of their topographical characteristics in Osaka and Nagoya Cities, Japan. The results showed that the topographical characteristics of the frequent urban pluvial flooding areas in both cities were different, with particularly conflicting trends in principal component 1. Furthermore, the urban pluvial flooding in Osaka City could not be described solely by topographical characteristics, and the influence of anthropogenic factors such as dominant structures that may influence inundated water flows in and around frequent urban pluvial flooding areas and stormwater drainage improvements on the occurrence of urban pluvial flooding were shown to be influential. In addition, most of the frequent urban pluvial flooding areas in Nagoya City were located on almost no gradient with a slope of less than 1 degree, and thus, the mere presence of dominant structures around it would dam up the inundated water and cause urban pluvial flooding. The results of this study quantitatively showed the paradigm shift of urban pluvial flooding factors from topographical characteristics to anthropogenic characteristics by the statistical analysis of newly defined urban pluvial flooding frequency areas.
Published: 2022
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13. Topographical Characteristics of Frequent Inland Water Flooding Areas in Tangerang City, Indonesia

Author: Eilif Kurnia Deda Djamres, Daisuke Komori, and So Kazama
Subjects: statistical analysis, GIS computation, frequent inland water flooding, principal component analysis, topographical analysis, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066
Abstract: The methodology examined for this study was based on statistical analyses and GIS computations of frequent inland water flooding areas in Tangerang city, Indonesia during 2008–2015. Primary data used for this study were inland water flooding records from Tangerang city government and an approximately 90 m Merit DEM. We extracted the topographical characteristics of frequent inland water flooding areas and used principal component analysis to find its main characteristics. Results show that frequent inland water flooding areas in Tangerang emerged because of a slope in the upstream condition, the correlation between concave and flow length conditions, correlation of the slope condition and distance to a river, and relations among flow length in upstream characteristics and distance to a pond. Furthermore, a principal component score of frequent inland water flooding areas and other areas in the city was compared with measure similarity. This method correctly identified 71% of frequent inland water flooding areas. Also, 74% of one-time inland water flooding areas were classified as locations with high topographical similarity. Furthermore, field surveys indicated that the remaining 29% of frequent inland water flooding areas had low topographical similarity because of anthropogenic factors.
Published: 2021
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14. A New Algorithm for Computing $\alpha$-Capacity

Author: Kamatsuka, Akira, Kazama, Koki, and Yoshida, Takahiro
Subjects: Computer Science - Information Theory
Abstract: The problem of computing $\alpha$-capacity for $\alpha>1$ is equivalent to that of computing the correct decoding exponent. Various algorithms for computing them have been proposed, such as Arimoto and Jitsumatsu--Oohama algorithm. In this study, we propose a novel alternating optimization algorithm for computing the $\alpha$-capacity for $\alpha>1$ based on a variational characterization of the Augustin--Csisz{\'a}r mutual information. A comparison of the convergence performance of these algorithms is demonstrated through numerical examples.
Published: 2024

15. Algorithms for Computing the Augustin--Csisz\'ar Mutual Information and Lapidoth--Pfister Mutual Information

Author: Kamatsuka, Akira, Kazama, Koki, and Yoshida, Takahiro
Subjects: Computer Science - Information Theory
Abstract: The Augustin--Csisz{\' a}r mutual information (MI) and Lapidoth--Pfister MI are well-known generalizations of the Shannon MI, but do not have known closed-form expressions, so they need to be calculated by solving optimization problems. In this study, we propose alternating optimization algorithms for computing these types of MI and present proofs of their global convergence properties. We also provide a novel variational characterization of the Augustin--Csisz{\' a}r MI that is similar to that of the Sibson MI.
Published: 2024

16. Offline tagging of radon-induced backgrounds in XENON1T and applicability to other liquid xenon detectors

Author: Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brookes, E. J., Brown, A., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Decowski, M. P., Di Donato, C., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Ghosh, S., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lin, Y. T., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Luce, T., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Melchiorre, A., Messina, M., Michael, A., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Pan, Y., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Rajado, M., Shi, J., Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Vetter, S., Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: This paper details the first application of a software tagging algorithm to reduce radon-induced backgrounds in liquid noble element time projection chambers, such as XENON1T and XENONnT. The convection velocity field in XENON1T was mapped out using $^{222}\text{Rn}$ and $^{218}\text{Po}$ events, and the root-mean-square convection speed was measured to be $0.30 \pm 0.01$ cm/s. Given this velocity field, $^{214}\text{Pb}$ background events can be tagged when they are followed by $^{214}\text{Bi}$ and $^{214}\text{Po}$ decays, or preceded by $^{218}\text{Po}$ decays. This was achieved by evolving a point cloud in the direction of a measured convection velocity field, and searching for $^{214}\text{Bi}$ and $^{214}\text{Po}$ decays or $^{218}\text{Po}$ decays within a volume defined by the point cloud. In XENON1T, this tagging system achieved a $^{214}\text{Pb}$ background reduction of $6.2^{+0.4}_{-0.9}\%$ with an exposure loss of $1.8\pm 0.2 \%$, despite the timescales of convection being smaller than the relevant decay times. We show that the performance can be improved in XENONnT, and that the performance of such a software-tagging approach can be expected to be further improved in a diffusion-limited scenario. Finally, a similar method might be useful to tag the cosmogenic $^{137}\text{Xe}$ background, which is relevant to the search for neutrinoless double-beta decay., Comment: 17 pages, 19 figures
Published: 2024

17. The improvement of a refractory enterocutaneous fistula with colchicine in a patient with Crohn’s disease who had an MEFV gene mutation

Author: Yokoyama, Yoshihiro, Akita, Kotaro, Hayashi, Yuki, Kazama, Tomoe, Kurumi, Hiroki, Matusoka, Katsuyoshi, and Nakase, Hiroshi
Published: 2024
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18. Predictive values of four nutritional indices for adverse outcomes in patients with hypertension

Author: Ejiri, Hiroki, Tanaka, Kenichi, Kimura, Hiroshi, Saito, Hirotaka, Shimabukuro, Michio, Asahi, Koichi, Watanabe, Tsuyoshi, and Kazama, Junichiro James
Published: 2024
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19. Machine learning-based reproducible prediction of type 2 diabetes subtypes

Author: Tanabe, Hayato, Sato, Masahiro, Miyake, Akimitsu, Shimajiri, Yoshinori, Ojima, Takafumi, Narita, Akira, Saito, Haruka, Tanaka, Kenichi, Masuzaki, Hiroaki, Kazama, Junichiro J., Katagiri, Hideki, Tamiya, Gen, Kawakami, Eiryo, and Shimabukuro, Michio
Published: 2024
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20. Prospective observational study comparing the perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic colectomy with or without epidural anesthesia: the Kanagawa Yokohama Colorectal Cancer Study Group (KYCC) 1806

Author: Kato, Aya, Numata, Masakatsu, Izukawa, Shota, Ohgimi, Takashi, Okamoto, Hironao, Atsumi, Yosuke, Kazama, Keisuke, Asari, Masahiro, Numata, Koji, Sawazaki, Sho, Watanabe, Takuo, Mikayama, Yo, Godai, Teni, Higuchi, Akio, Saeki, Hiroyuki, Hatori, Shinsuke, Mushiake, Hiroyuki, Matsumoto, Satomi, Rino, Yasushi, Saito, Aya, and Shiozawa, Manabu
Published: 2024
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21. Astroblastoma with MN1::BEND2 in an elderly patient: A case report and review of the literature

Author: Tsukamoto, Hirotaka, Saito, Ryu, Shirakura, Takahiro, Nakashima, Takuma, Yamamoto, Ryo, Kazama, Hirofumi, Hanihara, Mitsuto, Suzuki, Hiromichi, Nobusawa, Sumihito, and Kinouchi, Hiroyuki
Published: 2024
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22. Adult-onset severe paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria after COVID-19 successfully treated with sutimlimab

Author: Sato, Keijiro, Nakamura, Yusuke, Hara, Ryosuke, Kayama, Ryuhei, Sunohara, Shunya, Okajima, Sayaka, Kazama, Shintaro, Komaba, Wataru, Ishikawa, Ryuto, Sumi, Masahiko, and Kobayashi, Hikaru
Published: 2024
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23. Aquatic insect community structure revealed by eDNA metabarcoding derives indices for environmental assessment

Author: Noriko Uchida, Kengo Kubota, Shunsuke Aita, and So Kazama
Subjects: eDNA, EPT index, Diptera index, Aquatic insect, Medicine, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis provides an efficient and objective approach for monitoring and assessing ecological status; however, studies on the eDNA of aquatic insects, such as Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT), are limited despite its potential as a useful indicator of river health. Here, we investigated the community structures of aquatic insects using eDNA and evaluated the applicability of eDNA data for calculating assessment indices. Field surveys were conducted to sample river water for eDNA at six locations from upstream to downstream of two rivers in Japan in July and November 2016. Simultaneously, aquatic insects were collected using the traditional Surber net survey method. The communities of aquatic insects were revealed using eDNA by targeting the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene in mitochondrial DNA via metabarcoding analyses. As a result, the eDNA revealed 63 families and 75 genera of aquatic insects, which was double than that detected by the Surber net survey (especially for families in Diptera and Hemiptera). The seasonal differences of communities were distinguished by both the eDNA and Surber net survey data. Furthermore, the total nitrogen concentration, a surrogate of organic pollution, showed positive correlations with biotic environmental assessment indices (i.e., EPT index and Chironomidae index) calculated using eDNA at the genus-level resolution but the indices calculated using the Surber net survey data. Our results demonstrated that eDNA analysis with higher taxonomic resolution can provide as a more sensitive environmental assessment index than the traditional method that requires biotic samples.
Published: 2020
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24. Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index is associated with adverse outcomes in patients with hypertension: the Fukushima Cohort study

Author: Tanaka, Kenichi, Kimura, Hiroshi, Ejiri, Hiroki, Saito, Hirotaka, Watanabe, Kimio, Kazama, Sakumi, Shimabukuro, Michio, Asahi, Koichi, Watanabe, Tsuyoshi, and Kazama, Junichiro James
Published: 2024
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25. Impact of reclamation on the environment of the lower mekong river basin

Author: Yusuke Hiraga, So Kazama, Chaiwat Ekkawatpanit, and Yoshiya Touge
Subjects: Physical geography, GB3-5030, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract: Study Region: In the lower Mekong River Basin, the watershed development, such as reclamation, has been rapidly erence water index (NDWI) were defined as going on.The reclamation is expected to cause many problems on this important watershed environment. Study Focus: The objective of this research is to quantitatively clarify the impact of reclamation on the watershed environment of the lower Mekong River Basin. New hydrological insights: The locations of reclamation areas were extracted using MNDWI, NDVI and NDSI derived by Landsat data. As a result, the 49 reclamation areas covering approximately 95% of all 52 reclamation areas determined by visual extraction, were extracted.Then, the multiple logistic regression model was constructed to find the tendency of the occurrence of reclamation and reproduce the occurrence of reclamation.The test of goodness of fit, such as Hosmer-Lemeshow test and Nagelkerke coefficient, shows high adaptability (R2 = 0.89) of the probability model.The probability of occurrence of reclamation could be explained by the distance from the Phnom Penh city and the distance from the river channels.Moreover, the existence of reclamation areas was incorporated into the flood-inundation model and total phosphorus transportation model changing the value of the elevation and the phosphorus loading respectively.Consequently, the inundation water level increases about 3.8 m and total phosphorus concentration increases about 0.71 mg/L around Phnom Penh in case of the reclamation of 10% of all inundation areas of Phnom Penh and Kandal province. Keywords: Watershed development, Cambodia, Remote sensing, NDWI, Multiple logistic regression, Flood inundation model
Published: 2018
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26. Distributed probability of slope failure in Thailand under climate change

Author: Daisuke Komori, Prem Rangsiwanichpong, Naotatsu Inoue, Keisuke Ono, Satoshi Watanabe, and So Kazama
Subjects: Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999
Abstract: Landslides are more widespread compared to any other geological hazards in Thailand. The steep slope and high elevation areas have more potential for landslide hazards. However, weather extremes, particularly extreme rainfall, play a major role in the occurrence of landslides in Thailand. The objective of the present study is to analyze the changes in the probability of landslide occurrences in Thailand due to climate change. For this purpose, probabilistic landslide hazard maps for extreme rainfall values for 5-, 10-, 50-, and 100-year return periods are developed for historical and future climatic conditions, derived from 10 global climate models (GCMs) under two representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios, namely, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. The results reveal that the 5-year return period extreme rainfall amount will reach 200 mm/month in the eastern and southern provinces for RCP 4.5 and the northwestern, eastern, and southern provinces for RCP 8.5. The increase in extreme rainfall will cause a sharp increase in the landslide probability in Thailand, except in low altitude regions. The probability of 100-year return period landslide will increase by 90% in 40% and 80% of the areas in Thailand under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, respectively. It is expected that the landslide hazard maps developed in this study will help policy makers take necessary measures to mitigate increasing landslide events due to climate change. Keywords: Climate scenarios, Extreme rainfall, Global circulation models, Landslide, Thailand
Published: 2018
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27. The XENONnT Dark Matter Experiment

Author: XENON Collaboration, Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Balata, M., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brookes, E. J., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cai, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cassese, F., Chiarini, A., Cichon, D., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Corrieri, R., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., Dadoun, O., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., De Fazio, B., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Disdier, J. M., Douillet, D., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flierman, M., Form, S., Front, D., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Gardner, R., Garroum, N., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guerzoni, M., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Howlett, J., Huhmann, C., Iacovacci, M., Iaquaniello, G., Iven, L., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martella, P., Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Mele, E., Messina, M., Michinelli, R., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Nisi, S., Oberlack, U., Orlandi, D., Othegraven, R., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Parlati, S., Paschos, P., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Rynge, M., Shi, J., Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Stephen, J., Stern, M., Stillwell, B. K., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Tatananni, D., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Westermann, J., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The multi-staged XENON program at INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso aims to detect dark matter with two-phase liquid xenon time projection chambers of increasing size and sensitivity. The XENONnT experiment is the latest detector in the program, planned to be an upgrade of its predecessor XENON1T. It features an active target of 5.9 tonnes of cryogenic liquid xenon (8.5 tonnes total mass in cryostat). The experiment is expected to extend the sensitivity to WIMP dark matter by more than an order of magnitude compared to XENON1T, thanks to the larger active mass and the significantly reduced background, improved by novel systems such as a radon removal plant and a neutron veto. This article describes the XENONnT experiment and its sub-systems in detail and reports on the detector performance during the first science run., Comment: 32 pages, 19 figures
Published: 2024

28. New Algorithms for Computing Sibson Capacity and Arimoto Capacity

Author: Kamatsuka, Akira, Ishikawa, Yuki, Kazama, Koki, and Yoshida, Takahiro
Subjects: Computer Science - Information Theory
Abstract: The Sibson and Arimoto capacity, which are based on the Sibson and Arimoto mutual information (MI) of order {\alpha}, respectively, are well-known generalizations of the channel capacity C. In this study, we derive novel alternating optimization algorithms for computing these capacities by providing new variational characterizations of the Sibson and Arimoto MI. Moreover, we prove that all iterative algorithms for computing these capacities are equivalent under appropriate conditions imposed on their initial distributions.
Published: 2024

29. C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio as a risk factor for anastomotic leakage after anterior resection for rectal cancer with intraoperative use of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging

Author: Harada, Tatsunosuke, Numata, Masakatsu, Izukawa, Shota, Atsumi, Yosuke, Kazama, Keisuke, Sawazaki, Sho, Godai, Teni, Mushiake, Hiroyuki, Sugano, Nobuhiro, Uchiyama, Mamoru, Higuchi, Akio, Tamagawa, Hiroshi, Suwa, Yusuke, Watanabe, Jun, Sato, Tsutomu, Kunisaki, Chikara, and Saito, Aya
Published: 2024
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30. Microclimate and the thermal comfort during the implementation of silvopastoral systems: the windbreak countereffect

Author: Machado, Thiago Mombach Pinheiro, Schmitt-Filho, Abdon L., Daros, Ruan, Farley, Joshua, Sinisgalli, Paulo A., and Silva-Kazama, Daniele C.
Published: 2024
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31. Long-term outcomes of below-the-knee bypass surgery using heparin-bonded expanded polytetrafluoroethylene grafts

Author: Yamamoto, Yohei, Uchiyama, Hidetoshi, Oonuki, Masahiro, Tsukuda, Kazuki, Kazama, Ai, Wada, Yoshiki, Uchiyama, Hiroki, Kikuchi, Toru, Nishizawa, Masato, and Kudo, Toshifumi
Published: 2024
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32. Usefulness of bicarbonate-based Impella purge solution in a patient with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: the first case report of long-term management in Japan

Author: Nagai, Shin, Hiraiwa, Hiroaki, Ito, Ryota, Koyama, Yuichiro, Kondo, Kiyota, Kazama, Shingo, Kondo, Toru, Morimoto, Ryota, Okumura, Takahiro, Ito, Hideki, Yoshizumi, Tomo, Mutsuga, Masato, and Murohara, Toyoaki
Published: 2024
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33. Design and performance of the field cage for the XENONnT experiment

Author: Aprile, E., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brookes, E. J., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cai, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Chávez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., DÁndrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Šarčević, N., Shi, J., Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The precision in reconstructing events detected in a dual-phase time projection chamber depends on an homogeneous and well understood electric field within the liquid target. In the XENONnT TPC the field homogeneity is achieved through a double-array field cage, consisting of two nested arrays of field shaping rings connected by an easily accessible resistor chain. Rather than being connected to the gate electrode, the topmost field shaping ring is independently biased, adding a degree of freedom to tune the electric field during operation. Two-dimensional finite element simulations were used to optimize the field cage, as well as its operation. Simulation results were compared to ${}^{83m}\mathrm{Kr}$ calibration data. This comparison indicates an accumulation of charge on the panels of the TPC which is constant over time, as no evolution of the reconstructed position distribution of events is observed. The simulated electric field was then used to correct the charge signal for the field dependence of the charge yield. This correction resolves the inconsistent measurement of the drift electron lifetime when using different calibrations sources and different field cage tuning voltages.
Published: 2023
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34. A review of climate-change impact and adaptation studies for the water sector in Thailand

Author: Masashi Kiguchi, Kumiko Takata, Naota Hanasaki, Boonlert Archevarahuprok, Adisorn Champathong, Eiji Ikoma, Chaiporn Jaikaeo, Sudsaisin Kaewrueng, Shinjiro Kanae, So Kazama, Koichiro Kuraji, Kyoko Matsumoto, Shinichiro Nakamura, Dzung Nguyen-Le, Keigo Noda, Napaporn Piamsa-Nga, Mongkol Raksapatcharawong, Prem Rangsiwanichpong, Sompratana Ritphring, Hiroaki Shirakawa, Chatuphorn Somphong, Mallika Srisutham, Desell Suanburi, Weerakaset Suanpaga, Taichi Tebakari, Yongyut Trisurat, Keiko Udo, Sanit Wongsa, Tomohito Yamada, Koshi Yoshida, Thanya Kiatiwat, and Taikan Oki
Subjects: flood, drought, sediment erosion, coastal erosion, forest hydrology, rice crop yield, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Science, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Thailand plays a central economic and policy-making role in Southeast Asia. Although climate change adaptation is being mainstreamed in Thailand, a well-organized overview of the impacts of climate change and potential adaptation measures has been unavailable to date. Here we present a comprehensive review of climate-change impact studies that focused on the Thai water sector, based on a literature review of six sub-sectors: riverine hydrology, sediment erosion, coastal erosion, forest hydrology, agricultural hydrology, and urban hydrology. Our review examined the long-term availability of observational data, historical changes, projected changes in key variables, and the availability of economic assessments and their implications for adaptation actions. Although some basic hydrometeorological variables have been well monitored, specific historical changes due to climate change have seldom been detected. Furthermore, although numerous future projections have been proposed, the likely changes due to climate change remain unclear due to a general lack of systematic multi-model and multi-scenario assessments and limited spatiotemporal coverage of the study area. Several gaps in the research were identified, and ten research recommendations are presented. While the information contained herein contributes to state-of-the-art knowledge on the impact of climate change on the water sector in Thailand, it will also benefit other countries on the Indochina Peninsula with a similar climate.
Published: 2021
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35. Predicting CKD progression using time-series clustering and light gradient boosting machines

Author: Saito, Hirotaka, Yoshimura, Hiroki, Tanaka, Kenichi, Kimura, Hiroshi, Watanabe, Kimio, Tsubokura, Masaharu, Ejiri, Hiroki, Zhao, Tianchen, Ozaki, Akihiko, Kazama, Sakumi, Shimabukuro, Michio, Asahi, Koichi, Watanabe, Tsuyoshi, and Kazama, Junichiro J.
Published: 2024
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36. The XENONnT dark matter experiment.

Author: Aprile, E, Aalbers, J, Abe, K, Ahmed Maouloud, S, Althueser, L, Andrieu, B, Angelino, E, Angevaare, J, Antochi, V, Antón Martin, D, Arneodo, F, Balata, M, Baudis, L, Baxter, A, Bazyk, M, Bellagamba, L, Biondi, R, Bismark, A, Brookes, E, Brown, A, Bruenner, S, Bruno, G, Budnik, R, Bui, T, Cai, C, Cardoso, J, Cassese, F, Chiarini, A, Cichon, D, Cimental Chavez, A, Colijn, A, Conrad, J, Corrieri, R, Cuenca-García, J, Cussonneau, J, Dadoun, O, DAndrea, V, Decowski, M, De Fazio, B, Gangi, P, Diglio, S, Disdier, J, Douillet, D, Eitel, K, Elykov, A, Farrell, S, Ferella, A, Ferrari, C, Fischer, H, Flierman, M, Form, S, Front, D, Fulgione, W, Fuselli, C, Gaemers, P, Gaior, R, Rosso, A, Galloway, M, Gao, F, Gardner, R, Garroum, N, Glade-Beucke, R, Grandi, L, Grigat, J, Guan, H, Guerzoni, M, Guida, M, Hammann, R, Higuera, A, Hils, C, Hoetzsch, L, Hood, N, Howlett, J, Huhmann, C, Iacovacci, M, Iaquaniello, G, Iven, L, Itow, Y, Jakob, J, Joerg, F, Joy, A, Kara, M, Kavrigin, P, Kazama, S, Kobayashi, M, Koltman, G, Kopec, A, Kuger, F, Landsman, H, Lang, R, Levinson, L, Li, I, Li, S, Liang, S, Lindemann, S, Lindner, M, Liu, K, Loizeau, J, Lombardi, F, and Long, J
Abstract: The multi-staged XENON program at INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso aims to detect dark matter with two-phase liquid xenon time projection chambers of increasing size and sensitivity. The XENONnT experiment is the latest detector in the program, planned to be an upgrade of its predecessor XENON1T. It features an active target of 5.9 tonnes of cryogenic liquid xenon (8.5 tonnes total mass in cryostat). The experiment is expected to extend the sensitivity to WIMP dark matter by more than an order of magnitude compared to XENON1T, thanks to the larger active mass and the significantly reduced background, improved by novel systems such as a radon removal plant and a neutron veto. This article describes the XENONnT experiment and its sub-systems in detail and reports on the detector performance during the first science run.
Published: 2024

37. Exploring spatial and seasonal water quality variations in Kelani River, Sri Lanka: a latent variable approach

Author: Wijayaweera, Nalintha, Gunawardhana, Luminda Niroshana, Kazama, So, Rajapakse, Lalith, Patabendige, Chaminda Samarasuriya, and Karunaweera, Himali
Published: 2024
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38. Cosmogenic background simulations for the DARWIN observatory at different underground locations

Author: Adrover, M., Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antunovic, B., Aprile, E., Babicz, M., Bajpai, D., Barberio, E., Baudis, L., Bazyk, M., Bell, N., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Biondi, Y., Bismark, A., Boehm, C., Breskin, A., Brookes, E. J., Brown, A., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chauvin, A., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Deisting, A., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Doerenkamp, M., Drexlin, G., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Engel, R., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Garroum, N., Ghosh, S., Girard, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Glück, F., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Größle, R., Guan, H., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Hannen, V., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Hargittai, N., Hasegawa, T., Hils, C., Higuera, A., Hiraoka, K., Hoetzsch, L., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Jörg, F., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Keller, M., Kilminster, B., Kleifges, M., Kobayashi, M., Kopec, A., von Krosigk, B., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Loizeau, J., Luce, T., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Lopes, J. A. M., Marignetti, F., Martens, K., Masbou, J., Mastroianni, S., Milutinovic, S., Miuchi, K., Miyata, R., Molinario, A., Monteiro, C. M. B., Morå, K., Morteau, E., Mosbacher, Y., Müller, J., Murra, M., Newstead, J. L., Ni, K., Oberlack, U. G., Ostrovskiy, I., Paetsch, B., Pandurovic, M., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Piotter, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qin, J., Silva, M. Rajado, García, D. Ramírez, Razeto, A., Sakamoto, S., Sanchez, L., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Scaffidi, A., Schulte, P., Schultz-Coulon, H. -C., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Sharma, S., Shen, W., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Singh, R., Solmaz, M., Stanley, O., Steidl, M., Tan, P. L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Thümmler, T., Tönnies, F., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Trotta, R., Tunnell, C., Urquijo, P., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Vetter, S., Volta, G., Vorkapic, D., Wang, W., Weerman, K. M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, J., Wolf, T., Wu, V. H. S., Wurm, M., Xing, Y., Yamashita, M., Ye, J., Zavattini, G., and Zuber, K.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Xenon dual-phase time projections chambers (TPCs) have proven to be a successful technology in studying physical phenomena that require low-background conditions. With 40t of liquid xenon (LXe) in the TPC baseline design, DARWIN will have a high sensitivity for the detection of particle dark matter, neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$), and axion-like particles (ALPs). Although cosmic muons are a source of background that cannot be entirely eliminated, they may be greatly diminished by placing the detector deep underground. In this study, we used Monte Carlo simulations to model the cosmogenic background expected for the DARWIN observatory at four underground laboratories: Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF), Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (LSM) and SNOLAB. We determine the production rates of unstable xenon isotopes and tritium due to muon-included neutron fluxes and muon-induced spallation. These are expected to represent the dominant contributions to cosmogenic backgrounds and thus the most relevant for site selection.
Published: 2023
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39. Search for events in XENON1T associated with Gravitational Waves

Author: XENON Collaboration, Aprile, E., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antoń, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brookes, E. J., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cai, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Carlos, D. G. Layos, Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M, Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C, Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Shi, J., Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We perform a blind search for particle signals in the XENON1T dark matter detector that occur close in time to gravitational wave signals in the LIGO and Virgo observatories. No particle signal is observed in the nuclear recoil, electronic recoil, CE$\nu$NS, and S2-only channels within $\pm$ 500 seconds of observations of the gravitational wave signals GW170104, GW170729, GW170817, GW170818, and GW170823. We use this null result to constrain mono-energetic neutrinos and Beyond Standard Model particles emitted in the closest coalescence GW170817, a binary neutron star merger. We set new upper limits on the fluence (time-integrated flux) of coincident neutrinos down to 17 keV at 90% confidence level. Furthermore, we constrain the product of coincident fluence and cross section of Beyond Standard Model particles to be less than $10^{-29}$ cm$^2$/cm$^2$ in the [5.5-210] keV energy range at 90% confidence level.
Published: 2023

40. Prediction Algorithms Achieving Bayesian Decision Theoretical Optimality Based on Decision Trees as Data Observation Processes

Author: Nakahara, Yuta, Saito, Shota, Ichijo, Naoki, Kazama, Koki, and Matsushima, Toshiyasu
Subjects: Computer Science - Machine Learning, Statistics - Machine Learning
Abstract: In the field of decision trees, most previous studies have difficulty ensuring the statistical optimality of a prediction of new data and suffer from overfitting because trees are usually used only to represent prediction functions to be constructed from given data. In contrast, some studies, including this paper, used the trees to represent stochastic data observation processes behind given data. Moreover, they derived the statistically optimal prediction, which is robust against overfitting, based on the Bayesian decision theory by assuming a prior distribution for the trees. However, these studies still have a problem in computing this Bayes optimal prediction because it involves an infeasible summation for all division patterns of a feature space, which is represented by the trees and some parameters. In particular, an open problem is a summation with respect to combinations of division axes, i.e., the assignment of features to inner nodes of the tree. We solve this by a Markov chain Monte Carlo method, whose step size is adaptively tuned according to a posterior distribution for the trees.
Published: 2023

41. Muscle regeneration therapy using dedifferentiated fat cell (DFAT) for anal sphincter dysfunction

Author: Kamidaki, Yusuke, Hosokawa, Takashi, Abe, Naoko, Fujita, Eri, Yamaoka, Bin, Ono, Kako, Goto, Shumpei, Kazama, Tomohiko, Matsumoto, Taro, and Uehara, Shuichiro
Published: 2024
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42. Usefulness of central venous catheter replacement with a guidewire in patients with intestinal failure: a single-center study

Author: Sakurai, Tsuyoshi, Hashimoto, Masatoshi, Kudo, Hironori, Okubo, Ryuji, Kazama, Takuro, Fukuzawa, Taichi, Ando, Ryo, Yuki, Endo, Tada, Keisuke, and Wada, Motoshi
Published: 2024
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43. Elevated resting heart rate is associated with mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease

Author: Saito, Hirotaka, Tanaka, Kenichi, Ejiri, Hiroki, Kimura, Hiroshi, Shimabukuro, Michio, Asahi, Koichi, Watanabe, Tsuyoshi, and Kazama, Junichiro James
Published: 2024
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44. Utility of the web excision with pre-membranous incision for congenital intestinal atresia-type I and stenosis

Author: Kudo, Hironori, Kazama, Takuro, Fukuzawa, Taichi, Ando, Ryo, Okubo, Ryuji, Sakurai, Tsuyoshi, Hashimoto, Masatoshi, Endo, Yuki, Nio, Masaki, and Wada, Motoshi
Published: 2024
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45. Usefulness of the one-step technique in functional end-to-end anastomosis for colonic surgery: results of a prospective multicentre cohort study from the Japanese KYCC group

Author: Iguchi, K., Sato, S., Shiozawa, M., Mushiake, H., Uchiyama, M., Numata, K., Nukada, S., Kohmura, T., Miakayama, Y., Ono, Y., Kazama, K., Katayama, Y., Numata, M., Higuchi, A., Godai, T., Sugano, N., Rino, Y., and Saito, A.
Published: 2024
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46. Influence of proficiency in conventional laparoscopic surgery in colorectal cancer on the introduction of robotic surgery

Author: Iguchi, Kenta, Numata, Masakatsu, Sugiyama, Atsuhiko, Saito, Kentaro, Atsumi, Yosuke, Kazama, Keisuke, Sugano, Nobuhiro, Sato, Tsutomu, Rino, Yasushi, and Saito, Aya
Published: 2024
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47. Hydrophobic solution functions as a multifaceted mosquito repellent by enhancing chemical transfer, altering object tracking, and forming aversive memory

Author: Wiedemann, Bianca M., Takeuchi, Kohei, Ohta, Kazumi, Kato-Namba, Aya, Yabuki, Masayuki, Kazama, Hokto, and Nakagawa, Takao
Published: 2024
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48. Non-invasive intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasm forming a protruding lesion toward the duodenum from the accessory papilla: a case report

Author: Kawahara, Shinnosuke, Yamamoto, Naoto, Washimi, Kota, Kanemoto, Rei, Takahashi, Daishi, Kamioka, Yuto, Hashimoto, Itaru, Kamiya, Mariko, Kato, Aya, Maezawa, Yukio, Kazama, Keisuke, Murakawa, Masaaki, Sawazaki, Sho, Aoyama, Toru, Tamagawa, Hiroshi, Oshima, Takashi, Yukawa, Norio, Rino, Yasushi, Yokose, Tomoyuki, Saito, Aya, and Morinaga, Soichiro
Published: 2024
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49. Translational enhancement of target endogenous mRNA in mammalian cells using programmable RNA-binding pentatricopeptide repeat proteins

Author: Ping, Ning, Hara-Kuge, Sayuri, Yagi, Yusuke, Kazama, Tomohiko, and Nakamura, Takahiro
Published: 2024
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50. Effectiveness of calcimimetics on fractures in dialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism: meta-analysis of randomized trials

Author: Wakamatsu, Takuya, Yamamoto, Suguru, Matsuo, Koji, Taniguchi, Masatomo, Hamano, Takayuki, Fukagawa, Masafumi, and Kazama, Junichiro James
Published: 2024
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