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Odors are considered as one of the most important environmental problems that may adversely influence the quality of life of people affected by their interaction. Due to the multiple sources of emissions, combined with the abundance of chemical compounds classified odor nuisance, new methods of reducing odor emissions are sought while maintaining environmental neutrality. One potential option is to use biochar, a sustainable, carbonized solid product resulting from the thermochemical treatment of biomass and/or organic waste. Due to its valuable properties (in particular, high specific surface area, and microporous structure), this material can be used for sorption purposes. Although the issue of using biochar to remove odor emissions is relatively new, in recent years new research directions have been undertaken to determine the sorption efficiency of biochar not only as a direct adsorbent but also in alternative applications. Therefore, this paper aimed to review the most important directions of biochar management in the removal of odor-causing compounds and to highlight the current advances undertaken in this direction. It was distinguished that biochar can enhance odor mitigation by being an additive to compost, a biofiltration medium, a direct adsorbent, a soil additive, a substrate for the production of the odor-absorbing product, a dietary supplement, and a biocover. However, further research is needed to strengthen the range of greater use of biochar in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the experiment was to determine the effect of species composition on the rigidity and elasticity of football pitch turf. The research was conducted for three years on micro-plots of 1 m2 at the Toya Golf & Country Club (51°20'E, 17°07'N). The variable was M1-M12 lawn grass mixtures with different species composition. Commercially available M1-M5 mixtures were composed with a predominant share of red fescue varieties (Festuca rubra L). Mixtures M6-M12, consisting of bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) varieties, were purposefully composed in the Department of Meadows and Green Area Creation. Rigidity and elasticity determination was assessing the response of sports turf subjected to deforming forces similar to those present during sports events. The assessment was based on a 5-point scale, with 5 points for the highest value and 1 for the least desirable. The highest average rigidity rating was assigned to bluegrass turf and the lowest to fescue turf. In terms of the grass ability to spring back to the upright position after the pressure was removed, the highest average elasticity ratings were also recorded for bluegrass turf, and the lowest for perennial ryegrass turf. However, a high variability in turf parameters at different times of the year was recorded, depending on the mixtures. The average elasticity of grass species, i.e. their ability to spring back to an upright position after compression was removed, was ranked in the following order: bluegrass turf> fescue turf > perennial ryegrass and bluegrass dominant turf > ryegrass turf. Of all macronutrients, calcium affected leaf rigidity and elasticity in a statistically significant way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]