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Real-world multi-objective optimization problems encounter different types of uncertainty that may affect the quality of solutions. One common type is the stochastic noise that contaminates the objective functions. Another type of uncertainty is the different forms of dynamism including changes in the objective functions. Although related work in the literature targets only a single type, in this paper, we study Dynamic Multi-objective Optimization problems (DMOPs) contaminated with stochastic noises by dealing with the two types of uncertainty simultaneously. In such problems, handling uncertainty becomes a critical issue since the evolutionary process should be able to distinguish between changes that come from noise and real environmental changes that resulted from different forms of dynamism. To study both noisy and dynamic environments, we propose a flexible mechanism to incorporate noise into the DMOPs. Two novel techniques called Multi-Sensor Detection Mechanism (MSD) and Welford-Based Detection Mechanism (WBD) are proposed to differentiate between real change points and noise points. The proposed techniques are incorporated into a set of Dynamic Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithms (DMOEAs) to analyze their impact. Our empirical study reveals the effectiveness of the proposed techniques for isolating noise from real dynamic changes and diminishing the noise effect on performance.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, sporcuların antrenman ya da müsabaka sonrasındaki psikolojik toparlanma durumlarının belirlenmesi için Sporda Psikolojik Toparlanma Ölçeği’nin (SPTÖ) geliştirilmesidir. Ölçeğin katılımcı grubunu yaşları 16-48 (Xyaş=19,41; ±4,35) aralığında olan 177’si kadın, 331’i erkek toplam 508 sporcu oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin yapı geçerliklerini test etmek için AFA ve DFA; yakınsak ve ıraksak geçerliklerini test etmek için ise CR, AVE, MSV ve ASV değerleri ile Pearson Korelasyon analiz değerleri kullanılmıştır. Güvenirliklerini test etmek için ise Cronbach Alfa ve CR değerleri incelenmiştir. AFA sonuçlarında açıklanan varyans oranı %69,88 şeklindedir. DFA sonuçları incelendiğinde ise elde edilen uyum indekslerinin iyi uyum gösterdiği; güvenirlik değerlerine bakıldığında ise alt boyutların iç tutarlık katsayılarının Zihinsel toparlanma için 0,81; Canlılık ve enerji için 0,94; Psikolojik kopma için 0,83 ve İyiye dönüş için ise 0,93 olduğu görülmüştür. Ölçeğin ve tüm alt boyutlarının yakınsak ve ıraksak geçerlik değerlerini desteklediği belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak 20 madde ve Zihinsel toparlanma, Canlılık ve enerji, Psikolojik kopma, İyiye dönüş şeklinde dört alt boyuttan oluşan Sporda Psikolojik Toparlanma Ölçeği geliştirilmiştir. The aim of this study was to develop a scale to determine the psychological recovery level of athletes after a training session or a competition. Participants were comprised of 508 athletes (177 women and 331 men), aged between 16-48 (Xage=19.41; ±4.35). EFA and CFA analyses were examined to test scale construct validity CR, AVE, MSV and ASV values and Pearson Correlation analyses were used to test convergent and divergent validity. To test the reliability of the scale, Cronbach’s Alpha and CR values were examined. The explained variance of the EFA result was 69.88%. CFA results which determine the reliability revealed that the obtained fit indices were found in an acceptable range. The internal consistency coefficients were 0.81 for Mental Recovery; 0.94 for Vigor and Energy; 0.83 for Mental Detachment and 0.93 for Flourishing subscales. It was determined that the convergent and divergent validity scores of the scale and all its subscales were found as acceptable. Consequently, statistical parameters of the Psychological Recovery Scale in Sports give a proper result, and the scale consists of 20 items and four subscales which are Mental Recovery, Vigor and Energy, Mental Detachment and Flourishing.

This study examines the role of financial factors contributing to firms’ resilience during the Russia-Ukraine war. Event study results show a significant adverse reaction, which started before the official war announcement and grew over time. Further, cross-sectional analyses uncover that the negative effect is mitigated for larger and more profitable firms but amplified for high market-cap firms with high cash and debt-holding; both effects are more pronounced for non-financial companies. This study contributes by exploring Turkey as a unique emerging market setting due to its significant geopolitical position, strategic trade, and business partnership with the European Union and Russia.

Objective: This study examined the relationship between sensory processing (SP) differences and behavioral problems in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We also investigated whether audiological test results could objectively detect auditory processing differences. Method: Forty-six children with ASD, ages 3–9 years, were enrolled in the study. Problematic behaviors and sensory processing of children were assessed using scales. The otolaryngologist performed a detailed head and neck examination and a formal audiological examination was performed by an audiologist. Results: Stereotypy, hyperactivity, and irritability were related to sensation seeking. Stereotypy was also associated with visual processing. Touch processing differences was related to irritability and inappropriate speech. Lethargy was associated with auditory processing. There were no differences in SP and behavior problems in the children whose audiological profiles could be measured between those who passed or failed the test. Conclusion: There was an association between SP differences and behavioral problems in children with ASD, supporting previous studies. Audiological test results did not reveal the SP differences documented in the parent forms.

Owing to their robust structure, induction motors are preferred to be used under difficult working conditions. Therefore, various faults may occur in the motor due to unexpected forces during the operations. Obtaining the data through experimental methods by physically creating faults in the induction motors, and analyzing their behavior is not efficient in terms of cost and time for educational purposes. Considering the above negative situation, in this paper, mathematical models have been developed in the dq0 stationary reference frame expressing three-phase stator windings short-circuit fault and broken rotor bar fault in induction motors. The proposed models are faster as compared to the other analytical models in terms of computation due to the rotor position independence of the inductance matrix. The faulty induction motor mathematical models have been implemented in the MATLAB/SIMULINK software environment with detailed explanations of each faulty model’s subsystem. As a visual laboratory that can be used as an educational tool for the analysis of a three-phase faulty induction motor, a graphical user interface application has been developed in MATLAB/GUIDE, which allows users to simulate models from a single interface. As a case study, the behaviors of faulty induction motors in transient and steady states have been simulated in different severity scenarios of the faults. The park vector method has been used as a fault diagnosis approach to investigate fault types and the fault severity effects on the park vector pattern in each fault scenario. In addition, to observe the success of the developed Simulink toolboxes, they were used at Marmara University through courses in electrical machinery and evaluated by the graduated students at the end of the semester.

İşletme faaliyetlerini incelemek ve geliştirmek suretiyle kuruma katma değer sağlamaya odaklanan iç denetimin birincil hedefi işletme amaçlarına ulaşılmasına yardımcı olmaktır. İşletme performansı ise genel olarak amaçlara ulaşmada gösterilen başarı düzeyi olarak ifade edilmektedir. Bu doğrultuda, çalışmanın temel amacı sanayi işletmelerinde iç denetim ile işletme performansı arasındaki ilişkiyi tespit etmektir. Bu çerçevede; üst yönetim desteğinin, iç denetimin bağımsızlığının, iç denetçilerin mesleki yeterliliklerinin ve iç kontrol sisteminin finansal performans (aktif karlılığı, öz kaynak karlılığı ve net kar marjı) üzerinde bir etkisinin olup olmadığı incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, Borsa İstanbul’da yer alan imalat sanayi işletmelerine bir anket uygulanarak elde edilen veriler SPSS (Versiyon 26) aracılığı ile parametrik olmayan yöntemlerden Kruskal-Wallis H Testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda, aktif karlılığı ile üst yönetim desteği, mesleki yeterlilik ve iç kontrol sistemi arasında anlamlı; iç denetimin bağımsızlığı ile anlamlı olmayan bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Öz kaynak karlılığı ile üst yönetim desteği, mesleki yeterlilik ve iç kontrol sistemi arasında anlamlı; iç denetimin bağımsızlığı ile anlamlı olmayan bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Net kar marjı oranı ile üst yönetim desteği, mesleki yeterlilik, iç kontrol sistemi ve iç denetimin bağımsızlığı arasında anlamlı olmayan bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Focusing on providing added value to the organization by examining and improving business operations, the primary goal of internal audit is to help achieve business objectives. Business performance is generally expressed as the level of success shown in reaching the goals. . In this direction, the main purpose of the study is to determine the relationship between internal audit and business performance in industrial enterprises. In this context, it was examined whether the senior management’s support, the internal audit’s independence, the internal auditors’ professional competencies and the internal control system have an effect on the financial performance (return on assets, return on equity and net profit margin). In the study, the data obtained through applicaiton of a questionnaire on the manufacturing industrial enterprises in Borsa Istanbul were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis H Test, a non-parametric method via SPSS (Version 26). As a result of the analysis; it has been determined that the return of asssets had a significant relationship with senior management support, professional competence and internal control system; and a non-significant relationship with the independence of internal audit. It has also been determined that the return on equity had a significant relationship with senior management support, professional competence and internal control system; and a non- significant relationship with the independence of internal audit. Also, a non-significant relationship was detected between net profit margin and senior management support, professional competence, internal control system and the independence of internal audit.

This paper investigates the impact of regional factors on Islamic and conventional stock returns in the member countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) from April 2011 to April 2021. This paper employs the quantile regression method to determine the effect of regional factors on GCC markets during different market states, enabling a more detailed investigation of the structure and degree of dependence. Regional stock market returns and regional political risk are used to study the effect of regional factors. The findings of this study reveal that the reaction of market returns to regional factors is heterogeneous across the conditional distribution of the GCC\"s stock returns. More specifically, the results demonstrate that changes in regional factors, with respect to Islamic and conventional markets, have asymmetric effects on stock returns in the majority of the GCC markets. Except in Qatar, the regional geopolitical risk negatively affects the GCC\"s Islamic stock returns during bearish markets. Results for conventional stock returns have the same negative effect, yet only in extreme market states. As for the impact of the regional stock market, we find that the regional Islamic index has a positive impact across almost all quantiles with a stronger effect during bullish markets, except in Bahrain and Oman. As for conventional markets, we observe the same impact throughout the GCC except for in Saudi Arabia. Islamic and conventional markets\" responses to changes in regional factors have similar behavior. Therefore, we conclude that, despite fundamental differences, Islamic and conventional stock markets in the GCC perform comparably, implying that a potential portfolio diversification benefit is not achieved except in limited cases.

In the stress-strength reliability literature, although identical components assumption may not be realistic due to the structure of a system, independent and identically distributed components have been commonly used. In this study, we aim to contribute to the literature by studying of non-identical distributed components in a consecutive (Formula presented.) -out of- (Formula presented.) system when both stress and strength components follow the proportional hazard rate models. Estimation methods for the stress-strength reliability of this system are investigated from frequentist and Bayesian perspectives. Maximum likelihood and uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimations are obtained in the frequentist approach. Based on the suitability of the structure, approximate Bayes estimates methods: Lindley’s approximation, Markov Chain Monte Carlo through Metropolis-Hastings or Gibbs sampling algorithms and exact Bayes estimates are derived. Asymptotic confidence and highest posterior density credible intervals are also constructed for all cases. We provide comprehensive simulation experiments for investigating the performances of the considered estimates. Wind speed data from NASA’s satellite data source project are used in the application of the considered model and methods. We present the comparison of wind energy potentials of two districts on the Aegean coast of Turkey using our model structure after determining their wind speed distributions.

This study aims to examine pre-service science teachers\" (PSTs\") model-based (MB) content knowledge (CK) and knowledge of students\" understanding (KSU) of chemical bonds. The participants of the study consist of 229 senior pre service science teachers. The study is a case study from qualitative research designs. The data of the study were collected by using the \"Chemical Bonds Model Knowledge Test (CBMKT)\". The obtained data were analyzed using the \"Model BasedContent Knowledge Rubric (MB-CK Rubric)\" and \"Model Based-Knowledge of Students\" Understanding Rubric (MB-KSU Rubric)\". The findings showed that PSTs mostly have an understanding of wrong modeling and not being able to make any modeling in terms of MB-CK on chemical bonds. In addition, it has been determined that the majority of pre-service teachers have an invalid and weak level in terms of MB-KSU. These findings indicate that PSTs\" professional knowledge of chemical bonds in their undergraduate education should be supported by modelbased teaching.

Purpose: To examine the possible role of impramine and agmatine through a mTOR signal pathway on rat ovary after maternal separation stress-induced depression. Methods: Sprague Dawley neonatal female rats were divided into control, maternal separation (MS), MS+imipramine, and MS+agmatine groups. Rats were subjected to MS for 4 hours daily from postnatal day (PND) 2 to PND 21 and pups were exposed to social isolation (SI) on PND23 for 37 days for model establishment treated with imipramine (30 mg/kg; ip) or agmatine (40 mg/kg; ip) for 15 days. In order to examine behavioral changes rats were all subjected to locomotor activity and forced swimming tests (FST). Ovaries were isolated for morphological evaluation, follicle counting and mTOR signal pathway protein expression levels were detected. Results: Increased number of primordial follicles and diminished ovarian reserve in the MS groups were detected. Imipramine treatment caused diminished ovarian reserve and atretic follicle; however, agmatine treatment provided the maintenance of ovarian follicular reserve after MS. mTOR signal pathway may have an important role during rat ovarian follicular development in model of MS. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that agmatine may help to protect ovarian reserve during follicular development by controlling cell growth.

While speaking anxiety is one of the most problematic aspects observed in English as a foreign language (EFL) context, a limited number of studies focused on the impact of collaborative learning on speaking anxiety in different learning environments. This study investigates the effects of collaborative tasks on foreign language learners' speaking anxiety in face-to-face and online learning contexts. In this experimental study, the data were collected from 34 foreign language students with a questionnaire consisting of a background part and a scale for measuring speaking anxiety. Even though the results revealed changes in speaking anxiety levels after the collaborative instruction in the face-to-face environments, no differences were found between face-to-face and online environments in terms of the impact of collaborative instruction on learners' speaking anxiety.

This article explores the narratives shaping the official discourse on COVID-19 in five countries governed by populists in different world regions. It is based on the assumption that a crisis like the pandemic constitutes a perfect occasion for populist mobilization, allowing populist leaders to construct reality in their favour by deliberately promoting own narratives about the pandemic, its origin and management. Analyzing 357 original-language speeches and statements by representatives of the populist governments of Brazil, Israel, India, Mexico and Turkey, the article shows that populists in power use crises to mobilize support in very different ways. Surprisingly, most populist governments neither resorted to anti-scientific claims or conspiratorial discourses attributing the crisis to obscure elites, nor blamed minorities not belonging to the ‘true people’. By contrast, except for Bolsonaro in Brazil, all other populist governments tried to mobilize support by emphasizing the strength of the ‘people’ or even by promoting an inclusive discourse of national unity, leaving aside the more divisive elements of their general populist discourse. Based on the cases analysed, the article concludes by developing hypotheses on the possible drivers of such variations in patterns of populist mobilization.

Psychological factors and adverse childhood events at an early age have been poorly investigated in relation to risky eating behavior and obesity. The importance of this relationship grows as these behaviors are becoming public health problems. The main objective of the present study was to examine the effects of interrelated psychological factors such as childhood negative life events, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and impulsivity on eating behaviors in a university student sample in Turkey. A total of 414 undergraduate students (60.4% women) in Turkey, completed the Turkish versions of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) to assess emotional eating and external eating and the CDC-Kaiser Permanent Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Barratt Impulsivity Scale-11 (BSI-11). Structural equation models (SEM) were used to evaluate whether depressive/anxiety symptoms could be a mediator between impulsivity and emotional eating/external eating. Childhood adverse events were both weakly correlated with eating behavior and impulsivity measures (r = .18,r = .275, p

1960’lı yıllardan itibaren Avrupa’ya iş gücü ihtiyacı nedeniyle göçen Türk vatandaşları, artık dördüncü nesille bu topraklarda varlığını sürdürmekte ve Türk nüfusu Avrupa’da büyümeye devam etmektedir. İki dil ve kültür içinde yetişen bu nesiller, eğitim hayatlarına Avrupa ülkelerinde devam etmekte, bu ülkelerde çalışmakta ve buralarda yuvalarını kurmaktadırlar. Bu bağlamda dilsel ve kültürel çeşitlilik nedeniyle uyum, kimlik olgusu, ikidillilik gibi kavramlar ile karşılaşılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Fransa’da doğup büyüyen ve yaşları 16- 35 arasında değişen üçüncü nesilden 19 gencin Fransız toplumuna uyumu, kimlik algıları ve dil tercihleri ele alınmaktadır. Bu kapsamda araştırma, nitel bir çalışma olup araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Görüşmeler neticesinde üçüncü nesil gençler, Fransa’da doğdukları, eğitim aldıkları ve çalıştıkları için uyum sorunu yaşamamaktadırlar. Kendini çift kültüre ait hissedenler ile sadece Türk kültürüne bağlı olduğunu söyleyenler eşit orandadır. Kendilerini genellikle etnik kimliklerine göre tanımlayan gençler dışında, hem etnik kimliğe hem de ulusal kimliğe vurgu yapanların sayısı da oldukça fazladır. Dil kullanımı boyutunda ise eğitim ve sosyal çevreleri nedeniyle gençler Fransızcayı daha çok kullanmakta; aile içinde ise her iki dil de ağırlıklı olarak iletişim dili olarak tercih edilmektedir. Gençler tarafından Türkçenin ve Türk kültürünün gelecek nesillere aktarılabileceği; bunun için özellikle aile eğitiminin ve çevre etkisinin, kültür, örf ve adetlerin öğretilmesinin önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir.

© 2022, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.Diversity of editorial boards of academic journals has recently become one of the most frequently discussed topics in scientific communication. Diversity of editorial board is considered to be an important element affecting the journal, the field and the region in terms of the number and diversity of publications. In parallel with this increasing awareness in the academic circles, many studies on diversity in the literature at both the field and journal levels have been carried out. In this study, the editorial boards of academic journals in the field of Library and Information Sciences were analyzed in terms of accommodating geographical representation, and the effect of such diversity, if any, on the number of publications was investigated. The data set consisted of the journals in the mentioned field in the SCImago web page Journal Rankings. The analyzes were carried out based on 6126 persons registered to 212 journals, including chief editors. The findings of the study showed that 75.11% of all members of editorial boards were from North American and European countries. While Asian countries (Central and South Asia, and East and Southeast Asia) were represented by 13.16% in journals in the field of Library and Information Sciences. A linear correlation was found between the regions where the chief editors of the journals were registered and the assignments of the editorial boards. Moreover, a linear correlation was found between the editors of journals (chief editors and other editors assigned to boards) and the scientific outputs (citable documents, citations, and h-index) in terms of regional relationship. The consistency of the results with those of other studies in the literature clearly demonstrates a need for more transparent processes in academic publishing. A policy to ensure a fair and diverse representation in boards of journals features numerous multifaceted positive effects.

Bu çalışmada, 1-3 Haziran 2022 tarihinde “Broaden The Horizons - diversity, partnership and innovation with a human touch (Ufukları genişletmek: insan dokunuşuyla çeşitlilik, ortaklık ve yenilik)” teması ile Hollanda’nın Rotterdam şehrinde hibrit katılım olanağı ile düzenlenen Avrupa Sağlık Bilimleri ve Kütüphaneleri Derneği’nin (European Association for Health Information and Libraries- EAHIL) 2022 Konferansına ilişkin izlenimler paylaşılacaktır. Bu çalışmanın 12-16 Haziran tarihlerinde Norveç’in Trondheim şehrinde düzenlenecek olan EAHIL 2023 Çalıştayına katılım sağlamak isteyenlere fikir vermesi hedeflenmiştir.

Osmanlı’nın son dönemleri ile Cumhuriyet’in ilk yıllarına tanıklık eden Raşid Efendi(ö. 1945) hem kurra hafız hem şeyh hem de bir dilci idi. Eyüp’te bulunan SertarikzâdeTekkesi’nin şeyhliğini ifa ettiği gibi, birinci Türk Dili Kurultayı’na da aza olarakkatılmıştı. Oldukça velut bir yazar olan Raşid Efendi’nin geleneği takip ederek telifettiği eserler olmakla birlikte dil devriminden sonra ortaya koyduğu ve kendisininde özellikle vurguladığı şekliyle \"sırf Türkçe\" kaleme alınmış eserleri de vardır. Bueserler içerisinde, Raşid Efendi’nin mevlid kelimesini kullanmamak gayesiyle TürkçeDoğum diye tesmiye ettiği bir mevlidi bulunmaktadır. 11’li hece ölçüsü ile beyit esaslıkaleme alınan bu manzum metinde Raşid Efendi dönemin dil anlayışına uygun olarakhiçbir Arapça ve Farsça kelimeye yer vermediğini iddia eder. Hatta peygamberlerinisimlerini dahi Türkçe olmadıkları için anmaz. Bütün bu yeni ve değişik özelliklerinerağmen Raşid Efendi’nin mevlidi, uzun soluklu mevlit geleneğimizin bir parçasıdır.Bu makalemizde Raşid Efendi’nin kısaca biyografisine değinilerek, bugün müellifhattı tek nüshası bilinen Türkçe Doğum adlı mevlid tanıtılacak, eserin mevlid geleneğiile bağı ve eserde kullanılan Öztürkçe kelimeler üzerinde durulacaktır. Rashid Efendi (d. 1945) witnessed the last years of the Ottoman Empire and the firstyears of the Republic and was a reciter of the Quran, a sheikh, and a linguist. Heparticipated as a member in the first Turkish Language Congress while acting as thesheikh of Sertarikzâde Sufi Lodge in Eyüp, Istanbul. Although Rashid Efendi as avery prolific writer is seen to have written works in line with tradition, he also hasworks that he wrote after the Alphabet Reforms that he stressed as being purely inTurkish. Among these works is the mawlid Rashid Efendi titled Türkçe Doğum [TheBirth of Turkish] in order not to use the actual word mawlid. Rashid Efendi tried not toinclude any Arabic or Persian words in this verse text in accordance with the period’sunderstanding of language usage. Despite all these different new features, RashidEfendi’s mawlid is part of Türkiye’s long-standing mawlid tradition. This article willbriefly discuss the biography of Rashid Efendi, introduce his mawlid titled TürkçeDoğum, of which only copy is currently known, and emphasize the connection ofthe work to the mawlid tradition as well as the so-called purely Turkish words usedin the work.

In this study, we analyse the impact of uncertainty on the corporate investment of 164 Turkish manufacturing firms. The time covers the period from 2005 to 2019. Our results reveal that there is a negative association between corporate investment and uncertainty. Under uncertainty, firms opt to decline their investment. Additionally, financially constrained (non-dividend payers) firms are negatively affected more than financially unconstrained firms. The use of alternative measurements of uncertainty and investment ensures the validity of our results. Policymakers should deal with the uncertainty and implement economic policies to decrease the country’s risk premium.

Tüketici davranışlarının değişmesiyle birlikte lüks ile ilgili yeni kavramların ortaya çıktığı görülmektedir. Herkese uygun bir lüks seçeneğinin olduğu düşünülecek olursa, tüketicilerin lüks markayı nasıl algıladığı üzerinde de durulması gerekliliği ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmada tüketicilerin lüks marka algısının lüks ürün satın alma niyetine etkileri üzerinde durulmaktadır. Çevrimiçi anket yöntemiyle 426 katılımcıya ulaşılmıştır. Toplanan veri SPSS Amos 24 ile incelenmiştir. Birinci el ve ikinci el lüks ürün satın alan tüketiciler kıyaslanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucuna göre birinci el lüks ürün satın alan tüketicilerin genel lüks marka algısı, lüks ürün satın alma niyeti, finansal marka algısı ve sosyal marka algısı arasında anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Fonksiyonel marka algısı ile benzer bir etki görülmemiştir. İkinci el lüks ürün satın alan tüketicilere bakıldığında ise genel lüks marka algısı ile sosyal marka algısı arasında anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmesine rağmen fonksiyonel, finansal ve lüks ürün satın alma niyeti arasında benzer etkiye rastlanılmamıştır., With consumer behaviours changing, new notions of luxury appear to be emerging. Given that there is a luxury option that suits everyone, the need to focus on how consumers perceive the luxury brand is emerging. Therefore, this study focuses on the effects of consumers' perception of luxury brands on their intention to buy luxury products. The online survey method reached 426 respondents. Data were examined with SPSS Amos 24. Consumers buying first-hand and second-hand luxury products have been benchmarked. Consumers buying first-hand luxury items, according to the study's conclusion; a meaningful relationship has been identified between general luxury brand perception, intention to buy luxury products, financial brand perception and social brand perception. No similar effect has been seen with functional brand perception. When looking at consumers buying second-hand luxury products, there has been no similar effect between functional, financial and luxury intention to purchase, although there has been a significant association between general luxury brand perception and social brand perception.

ex fori terimi uyuşmazlığa bakan mahkemenin hukukunu, bir başka ifadeyle forum devletinin hukukunu işaret etmektedir. Milletlerarası özel hukukta genel kural usulî meselelere lex fori’nin uygulanması, buna karşılık esasa uygulanan hukukun bir bağlama kuralı aracılığıyla belirlenmesidir ki bu hukuk yabancı bir hukuk olabileceği gibi lex fori de olabilir. Kanunlar ihtilafı hukukunda lex fori’nin esasa uygulanacak hukuku belirleyen genel bir kural olması yaklaşımı kabul edilmemektedir; bununla birlikte lex fori’nin uygulanmasına imkân tanıyan milletlerarası özel hukuk yöntemleri bulunmaktadır. Uygulanacak hukuk forum devletinin kamu düzeni ile çatışıyorsa, o hukuk uygulanmaz; yerine lex fori uygulanır. Her devletin siyasi, sosyal ve ekonomik yapısını koruyan müdahaleci kuralları bulunmaktadır ve bu maddi hukuk kuralları, kapsama alanındaki bütün meselelere uygulanacak hukuk ne olursa olsun doğrudan uygulanırlar. Renvoi lex fori’nin uygulandığı bir başka yöntemdir. Yetkili yabancı hukukun kanunlar ihtilafı kuralları lex fori’ye iade atıf yaptığında, forum devletinin hâkimi bu atfı kabul ederek kendi hukukunu uygulayacaktır. Forum devleti mahkemesi uygulanacak yabancı hukukun içeriğinin tespit edilememesi halinde de kendi hukukuna göre hüküm verecektir. Bunun dışında modern kanunlar tek taraflı kanunlar ihtilafı kuralları getirerek lex fori’nin uygulanmasını sağlamaktadır. Belirli durumlarda bu kural sadece politik bir tercihe dayanmaktadır. Bu makale milletlerarası özel hukukta lex fori’nin uygulanmasının artık milliyetçi ya da şovenist bir yaklaşım olarak kabul edilmediğini öne sürmektedir. İsviçre Milletlerarası Özel Hukuk Kanunu ile kıyaslandığında MÖHUK’un lex fori’yi daha fazla konuda esas almamış olması eleştiriye açıktır. The term “lex fori” refers to the law of the court seized with a case, in other words, the law of the forum state. In private international law, it is a general rule that procedural issues are governed by lex fori; whereas the applicable law to substance is regulated by a conflict rule which refers either to lex fori or a foreign law. Regarding conflict of laws, the lex fori approach is not supported as a general rule to applicable law, however, there are some private international law tools that allow lex fori. When the applicable foreign law is incompatible with the public policy of the forum state, that law will not apply, and lex fori will instead govern the dispute. Every state has overriding mandatory rules which safeguard its political, social or economic organization and those substantive rules will apply directly all cases falling within their scope irrespective of the law otherwise applicable. Renvoi is also another way of application of lex fori. When conflict of laws of the designated foreign law refers back to lex fori, the judge of the forum state will accept that referral and apply its own law. Also, the forum state applies its own rules if the content of the applicable foreign law cannot be established. Moreover, the modern codifications include unilateral conflict of law rules in order to apply lex fori. In some cases, it is based on just a political choice. This article argues that the application of lex fori in private international law will no longer characterized as a nationalist or chauvinist approach. In comparison to Swiss Private International Law Act it is fair to say that Turkish Private International Law Act should have used more lex fori approach.

The Creative Achievement Questionnaire (CAQ) is widely used to measure the creative achievement levels of individuals. Previous studies reported a varying range of reliability coefficients for the CAQ. To this date, no study has investigated the variability in the reliability coefficients of the CAQ. A random-effects reliability generalization meta-analysis, heterogeneity analyses, and moderator analyses were conducted in the present study to examine the variability in the reliability coeffi-cients. The mean alpha value for the total CAQ score was estimated to be .765 (95% CI: .708-.811). The Q test (Q(33) = 1716.648, p < .0001) and I2 (98.74%) values denoted statistically significant heterogeneity among the alpha coefficients. These findings indicate that reliability is a property of CAQ scores and that the reliability of scores changes significantly across samples. The moderator analyses showed that the reliability coefficients were not impacted by the moderator variables considered in this study. However, certain moderator variables that were not included in the analyses may have impacted the reliability coefficients. The findings of the present study imply that the CAQ can be used for exploratory research.

This study aims to analyse the subjective well-being of university students during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic process and to examine how students have been affected economically, psychologically and socially. Other subjects included in the scope of the study are the suitability of the physical conditions during the process of online education, the students\" motivation, and their expectations towards the future. The study also analyses the connection between these factors and the subjective well-being concepts of happiness and life satisfaction. The study focuses on students of the Faculty of Economics at Marmara University in Turkey. In total, 428 students took part in the survey prepared for the study. Descriptive analyses indicate that students have been negatively affected in terms of psychological and socio-economic factors along with subjective well-being. Ordered probit models show a statistically significant relationship between a major part of these changes and subjective well-being variables.

In critical terrorism analysis, (counter-)terrorism is thought to be a discursive formation of power/knowledge comprised of some security experts from governments, the media, and academics. However, this one-sided articulation ignores the struggles in the concept of terrorism between historical narratives and counter-narratives, and it may be understood as a conceptual site where different political actors interpret it universally to strengthen or resist preexisting power relations. This article proposes that the problematization of terrorism can be studied by evaluating opposing narratives produced by political actors aiming to assert their power positions, drawing on Foucault’s analysis of problematization. From this theoretical perspective, this article examines how terrorism was problematized in relation to political violence in Turkey between 1971 and 1977, and how political actors used the concept of terrorism as a site for power struggle to gain dominant positions or weaken others, insofar as discrete ideological attitudes (communism and neo-fascism/racism, respectively) were abnormalized by universalizing them as a part of “international” terrorism. In this sense, the article contends that examining terrorism as a “universalized” site of power struggle can improve the analytical framework of critical terrorism studies by integrating the possibility of counter-narratives and, as a result, contradictions in the terrorism discourse.

This study aims to provide a great deal of insight into how risk perception and purchase intention differ for the consumer with different online shopping motives. Data were collected through a questionnaire with 359 voluntary consumers aged 18–28 living in Istanbul. 14 motives leading them to online shopping through digital platforms for textile products were defined with the focus group technique. First, clustering analysis was conducted to define consumers according to the guiding motives in online shopping. Next, whether the consumer segments identified by these motives have different levels of risk perception and purchase intention was investigated via ANOVA analysis.

Although the Internet of Things (IoT) has spawned a new breed of smart factories within supply chains, the latest pandemic has ushered in unparalleled supply chain disturbances. Following the challenges identified in the literature, we interview top experts to evaluate the significance of these challenges. We apply a multi criteria decision analysis (MCDA) tool, analytical hierarchy process (AHP) in combination with interval-valued neutrosophic numbers (IVN). The critical part of this research is that we also perform a comparative analysis by focusing on before-and during-the pandemic periods individually to better assess the impact of the latest pandemic on the IoT challenges. Our study also includes a comprehensive, systematic literature review to bring the readers up-to-date.

Gündüz kuşağı televizyon programları olarak da adlandırılan, gerçek hayat hikâyelerinin konu edildiği ve RTÜK tarafından \"Gerçek Yaşamlar Program Türü\" olarak sınıflandırılan programlar, reyting ve rekabette önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Genellikle toplumda yaşanan sosyolojik sorunlara değinen ve insanların hoşça vakit geçirmesini sağlayan bu programlar, günümüzde ticari kaygıların artmasıyla birlikte içeriğinde yoğun olarak şiddet unsuru barındıran bir yapıya bürünmüştür. Televizyonda gösteriye dönüşen şiddet unsurları, birey ve toplum üzerinde birtakım fiziksel ve psikolojik sorunlara neden olabilmektedir. Televizyon içeriklerinin birer ticari metaya indirgenmesi ve artan reyting kaygıları da, toplumda zaten var olan şiddet unsurlarının ekranlarda durmaksızın tekrarına neden olmaktadır. Şiddet unsurlarının gösterimine sahne olan televizyon programlarından gündüz kuşağı programlarının da bir yükseliş eğilimine girdiği gözlenmektedir. Etik sorunlarla da sürekli gündeme gelen bu program türü; hiçbir entelektüel çaba ve bilgi birikimi gerektirmeksizin üretilmekte ve temel olarak insanların yaşadıkları gerçek hayat hikâyelerini konu edinmektedir. Bu programlarda konu edilen hikâyeler genellikle küfür, hakaret, tehdit etme, çeşitli araç ve gereçlerle yaralama ya da öldürme, dayak, kaçırma, taciz ve tecavüz gibi özünde şiddet barındıran olaylardan oluşmaktadır. Toplum nazarında \"sansasyon\" yaratabilecek potansiyele sahip olan ve gerçek hayata ilişkin bu hikayeler, televizyonun manipüle edici teknik kurgusuyla birlikte gösteriye dönüştürülerek izleyicinin tüketimine sunulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, gündüz kuşağı programlarında sunulan şiddet unsurları; Jean Baudrillard’ın Simülasyon Kuramı bağlamında ele alınmış ve izleyicilere hipergerçek deneyim sunan bu ticari ürünler simülasyon evreninde incelenmiştir. Örneklem olarak seçilen Müge Anlı ile Tatlı Sert programından raslantısal olarak ele alınan dört bölüm, içerik çözümlemesi yöntemiyle analiz edilerek somut verilere dönüştürülmüştür. Programa konuk olarak katılan gerçek hayattan kişilerin, şiddete ilişkin hal, hareket, tavır ve söylemleri tespit edilmiş, elde edilen veriler kuramsal çerçevede betimsel olarak yorumlanmıştır. Gerçek hayat hikâyelerini konu etmesi nedeniyle bu programlara duyulan güvenin suistimal edildiği, şiddet unsurlarının simüle edilerek birer gösteriye dönüştürüldüğü ve hipergerçeklik evreninde yeniden biçimlendirildiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bir zamanlar insanlara ait olan \"gerçek\" hikâyelerin şiddeti, televizüel süreçle birlikte hipergerçekleşmektedir. Şiddetin yeniden simüle edilmesiyle gerçekliğini ve anlamını yitiren hikâyeler, izleyici üzerinde kötü ve olumsuz bir dünya imgesi yaratmakta, başta kimlik olmak üzere dünya görüşünün değiştirilmesinde etkin rol oynayabilmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Simülasyon, Hipergerçek, Gösteri, Televizyon Programı, Gündüz Kuşağı. Daytime television programs, which are a subject of real life stories as well as classified as "Real Lives Program Type" by RTÜK, have a significant role in terms of rating and competition. These programs generally addressing the sociological problems experienced in the society and enabling people to have an enjoyable time, have taken on a structure that contains intense violence in their content, by the increase of commercial concerns today. The elements of violence that turn into a show on television can result in some physical and psychological problems on individuals and society. The reduction of television contents to commercial goods and raising concerns of rating also lead to repetition of violence components that already exist in society on the screens. It is observed that daytime programs, which are among the television programs being as scene for violent elements, have also been on the rise. This type of program that constantly remains on the agenda with ethical problems, is produced without any intellectual effort and knowledge and basically deals with the real life stories of people. The stories in these programs usually consist of destructive incidents such as swearing, insulting, threatening, beatings, kidnapping, harassment and rape, injuring or killing with various tools and equipment. These real-life stories, which have the potential to create a "sensation" in the eyes of the society, are converted into a show with the manipulative technical fiction of the television and presented to consumption of audience. In this study, the elements of violence demonstrated in daytime programs are discussed in the context of Jean Baudrillard's Simulation Theory and these commercial products that offer hyperreal experience to the audience are analysed in the simulation universe. Four chapters randomly handled from the program of Müge Anlı and Tatlı Sert, chosen as sample, were analyzed by content analysis method and converted into concrete data. The attitudes, behaviors and discourses of real-life people who participated in the program as guests were determined, and the obtained data were interpreted descriptively in the theoretical framework. It has been concluded that the trust in these programs is abused due to the fact that they are the subject of real life stories, the elements of violence are simulated and transformed into a show and reshaped in the hyperreality universe. The violence of the "real" stories that once belonged to people becomes hyperrealized by the television process. Stories that lose their reality and meaning with the re-simulation of violence create a defective and negative image of the world on the audience and can play an active role in changing the worldview, especially the concept of identity.

ÖzBilimsel araştırma yapabilme becerisine sahip bireyler yetiştirebilmek eğitim sisteminin amaçlarıarasında yer almalıdır. Bunun için öncelikle öğreticiler bu beceriye sahip olmalıdır. Araştırmanıntemel amacı öğretmenlerin bilimsel araştırma yapabilme beceri düzeylerinin belirlenmesindekullanılabilecek bir ölçek geliştirmek ve öğretmenlerin bilimsel araştırma yapabilme becerilerineyönelik algılarını derinlemesine incelemektir. Çalışma, Bilimsel Araştırma Yapabilme BecerisiÖlçeği (BAYBÖ)’nin geliştirilmesi, öğretmenlerin bilimsel araştırma yapabilme becerilerinin çeşitlideğişkenlere göre incelenmesi ve nitel araştırma aşamalarını kapsamaktadır. Araştırmada karmayöntem araştırma desenlerinden olan keşfedici sıralı deseni kullanılmıştır. Ölçek geliştirme çalışmasıiçin toplanan ilk veriler keşfedici; ikinci veriler ise doğrulayıcı faktör analizi için kullanılmıştır.Nicel veri analizlerinde SPSS 22 ve AMOS 20 Paket programlarından yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmanınnitel kısmında öğretmenlerin bilimsel araştırma yapabilme becerilerine yönelik algıları olgubilimdeseni ile incelenmiştir. Nitel verilerin analizinde, betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmabulgularının geçerlik ve güvenirliği pilot uygulama, veri çeşitlemesi ve katılımcı teyitleri yöntemleriylesağlanmıştır. Yapılan çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre geliştirilen BAYBÖ yeterli düzeydegeçerlik ve güvenirlik değerlerine sahiptir. Öğretmenlerin bilimsel araştırma yapabilme becerilericinsiyete ve eğitim düzeyine göre anlamlı bir farklılık göstermektedir. Okul türlerinin bilimselaraştırma yapma nedenlerinde farklılık görülmüştür. Katılımcılar, öğretmenleri bilimsel araştırmaçalışmaları için istekli ve yeterli bulmadıklarını; kaynak bulma, öğretmenlerin ilgisizliği ve problemitanımlama kısımlarında zorlandıklarını ve lisansüstü öğretim görmenin bilimsel araştırma yapabilmebecerilerini olumlu etkilediğini ifade etmişlerdir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Bilimsel Araştırma, öğretmen yeterlikleri, karma yöntem, ölçek geliştirme Raising individuals who have the ability to conduct scientific research should be among the objectives of the education system. For this, the educators should have this skill at the first place. The main purpose of this research is to develop a scale that can be used to identify teachers’ skills to conduct scientific research and examine their perceptions of their ability to conduct scientific research in depth. This study consists of three stages, namely the development of the Scientific Research Skills Scale (SRSS), the examination of teachers’ ability to conduct scientific research depending on various variables, and the implementation of a qualitative research. The research employed exploratory sequential design, which is a mixed method research design. The first data collected for the scale development was used for the exploratory factor analysis, whereas the second data was used for confirmatory factor analysis. SPSS 22 and AMOS 20 package programs were used for the quantitative data analysis. In the qualitative part of the research examined the teachers’ perceptions of their ability to conduct scientific research with phenomenological design. Descriptive analysis method was employed in the analysis of the qualitative data. The validity and reliability of the research findings was ensured with pilot research, data diversification, and participant confirmations. SRSS, which is developed according to the results of the research, has sufficient validity and reliability values. The scientific research skills of teachers significantly differ according to gender and educational level. In addition, the reasons for conducting scientific research significantly differ among school types. The participants stated that they think teachers are not willing and sufficient for scientific research; they have difficulty in finding academic resources, dealing with the indifference of teachers, and defining the problem; and that postgraduate education positively affected their ability to conduct scientific research.

Bu çalışmada ülkemiz için işçi ve işveren sendikacılığına nazaran yeni bir olgu olan memur sendikacılığının gelişim seyri kısaca değerlendirilmiş, mevcut ve potansiyel sendika üyesi memurların sendikacılığa olan bakış açıları incelenmiştir. Evren büyük ve dağınık olduğu için, bir iktisadi devlet teşekkülü (İDT) çalışma evreni olarak seçilmiş ve yapılan saha araştırması ile İDT çalışanı memurların, sendikacılığa bakışı incelenmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında örneklemin demografik çeşitlilik bakımından geniş bir yelpazede seçilmesine dikkat edilerek hata payı azaltılmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırma, tek bir iş kolunda ve bir teşekkül bünyesinde yapıldığı için kurumsal genelleştirme mümkün olmasına rağmen, diğer işkolları için sınanması faydalı olacaktır. Araştırma bulguları genel olarak sendikalara üyeliğin yüksek olduğunu, buna karşın memur sendikacılığına ve sendika yöneticiliğine güvenin düşük olduğunu göstermektedir. Sendikaların siyasallaşması eleştiri konusu olurken, yürütülen faaliyetler hakkında bilgilendirme yapılmaması da memurların rahatsız olduğu konuların başında gelmektedir. Sonuç olarak memur sendikacılığına karşı algı değişimi yaratabilmenin yolunun temelde doğru kanallardan, etkin iletişim faaliyeti yürütmekten geçtiği ifade edilebilir. İki yönlü simetrik yaklaşımla desteklenen kurumsal yönetişim (adil, hesap verilebilir, şeffaf ve sorumlu) anlayışı, memur sendikaları açısından kısa vadede imaj, orta ve uzun vadede itibar arttırıcı olacaktır. In this study, the development course of public servant trade unionism that is a new phenomenon for our country as compared with workers and employers unionism is briefly evaluated and the perspectives of the current and potential union member officers who perspectives on unionism are investigated. Since the population is large and scattered, a state economic enterprise (SOE) is chosen as a accessible population and with a field research, the viewpoints of SOE employees (public servants) on unionism are examined. By paying attention to the selection of a wide range of the sample in terms of demographic diversity in the scope of the survey, error margin has been tried to be reduced. Although corporate generalization is possible since the research has been carried out in a single line of business and within the scope of only one formation, testing will be useful for of the other industry segments. Research findings show in general that union membership is high whereas public servants trade unionism and union management have a low confidence. While the politicization of the unions is being the object of criticism, not being notified about the activities carried out is one of the most irritating subjects for the officials. In conclusion, it can be expressed that the way of creating perception change among officials against official unionism fundamentally passes through the right channels and carrying out effective communication activities. The understanding of corporate governance (fair, accountable, transparent and responsible) supported by a two-way symmetrical approach will increase the image of civil servant unions in the short term, and reputation in the medium and long term

The aim of this study is to determine Turkish pre-service science teachers’ levels of chemical explanations of various daily life phenomena and to investigate whether these examples are in accordance with the high school chemistry curriculum in Turkey. This study was carried out with descriptive research methods. The participants are 71 freshmen pre-service science teachers in a state university in Turkey. The data of the study were collected with the \"Chemical Explanations of Daily Phenomena\" Questionnaire previously developed in the literature. The phenomena in the questionnaire were related to chemistry concepts such as diffusion, temperature, combustion reactions and the law of conservation of mass, isotopes, reaction rate, redox reactions, and mixtures and solutions. The answers were analyzed in three categories: correct, wrong, and can’t determine and the frequencies and percentages of the categories were determined. Also, the learning outcomes in the latest version of the Turkish high school chemistry curriculum were examined in order to determine whether they were related to the chemistry concepts in the questionnaire. Document analysis was utilized to analyze the learning outcomes in the chemistry curriculum. The findings of the study revealed that most of the pre-service teachers answered correctly the questions that are compatible with the chemistry curriculum. Their misconceptions were mostly related to heat transfer and specific heat capacity, the law of conservation of mass, and heavy water and isotopes. The findings indicated that future curriculum changes should integrate some important chemistry concepts closely related to everyday life, such as radioactivity and heat transfer.

With a range of case studies from every continent, the contributors to this book analyze the challenges that arise for states living with much larger neighbors, and the policies they develop to account for this asymmetry. Bringing together the perspectives of bilateral relations and the study of small states, this book analyzes a range of scenarios where one or more smaller countries must manage relations with a much larger neighbor or neighbors, from the perspective of the smaller countries. Each case presents different priorities, depending on the relationship between the states concerned, while highlighting the commonalities across the various scenarios. The range of cases and contributors is wide and diverse, with examples including Togo’s relationship with Ghana, Mongolia’s with China, and Colombia’s with Brazil – as well as more widely known examples such as Canada and the United States, or Australia and New Zealand. A valuable resource for scholars and students of international relations, and public policy of small- and medium-sized states.

Çelişkili kavramların iç içe geçtiği bir güldürü biçimi olan grotesk, ilk olarak Batı’da ortaya çıkar. Başta güzel sanatlar alanında kullanılan bir tür olsa da sonraları dünya yazın dizgesinde önemli bir role sahip olur ve Batı dışında yazın dizgelerini de etkiler. Ülkemize çeviri yoluyla tanıtılmış bu türün en önemli temsilcilerinden biri olan, bu kavramı hem resimlerinde hem de tiyatro oyunlarında adeta yücelten ve tüm özelliklerini başarıyla sergileyen İsviçreli yazar ve ressam Friedrich Dürrenmatt’ın grotesk öğelerle bezeli iki perdelik oyunu Die Physiker’ın Türkçe çevirisini ele almak ve grotesk’in erek dil ve kültüre yansımasını tartışmak bu çalışmanın başlıca hedefidir. Bu doğrultuda, çevirmen Mustafa Tüzel’in 2005 yılında Türkçeye aktardığı çeviri eserdeki kararları Gideon Toury’nin Erek Odaklı Çeviri Kuramına göre incelenmiş, normlar sayesinde çeviri sürecinde alınan kararlar anlaşılır kılınmaya çalışılmış ve söz konusu çevirinin Türk edebiyat dizgesinde üstlendiği işlev sorgulanmıştır. Bununla birlikte, çalışmanın konusu olan grotesk kavramı ve özellikleri, Dürrenmatt’ın hayatındaki yeri ve önemiyle birlikte ele alınmış, Die Physiker adlı tiyatro oyunu ve çevirisi üzerinden tartışılmıştır. İzlenen bu yolla hedeflenen amaç, yazarın dünyaya bakış açısının olduğu kadar karakterinin de grotesk’e eğilimli olduğunu göstermek, bu türle olan yakın ilişkisinin grotesk eserler yaratmada en büyük yardımcılardan biri olabileceği üzerine dikkat çekmektir. Burada ayrıca belirtilmelidir ki, çalışma ‘sahnelenebilirlik’ kavramı üzerinden değerlendirilmemiştir, zira incelenecek eserin eldeki baskısı edebiyat okurları için düzenlenmiş bir baskıdır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Friedrich Dürrenmatt, Die Physiker, Grotesk, Gideon Toury, Edebiyat Çevirisi The grotesque is a form of humor in which contradictory concepts are intertwined and first emerged in the West. Although initially a genre used in the fine arts, it later played an important role in world literature and influenced non-Western literature. The main purposes of this study are to examine the Turkish translation of Die Physiker (The Physicists), a two-act play with grotesque elements written by the Swiss author and painter Friedrich Dürrenmatt, one of the most important representatives of this genre to be introduced to Türkiye through translation who glorified this concept in both his paintings and plays and successfully displayed all its features, and to discuss the reflection of the grotesque in the target language and culture. To this end, the study analyzes the translation decisions of translator Mustafa Tüzel in his 2005 translation and questions the function of this translation in the Turkish literary system. The concept of the grotesque and its characteristics are discussed alongside its place and importance in Dürrenmatt’s life through the play Die Physiker and its translation. The aims here are to show how the author’s character is as prone to the grotesque as his view of the world and to draw attention to the fact that his close relationship with this genre can be a great help in creating grotesque works. The study does not evaluate the work through the concept of performability due to the present edition of the examined work being intended for literary readers. Keywords: Friedrich Dürrenmatt, The Physicists, the grotesque, Gideon Toury, literary translation

Scholarship on the Ottoman printing enterprise has long neglected the part played by the traditional actors of the written word, including the ulema and calligraphers, in the rise of the press. Though traditionally viewed as opponents of the new print technology, these actors continued to fulfill vital roles in everything from editorial work to the techno- material aspects of printing, generating new opportunities for themselves in a rapidly changing cultural environment. This paper focuses on their role in the Imperial Press to reveal how the know-how of these actors was critical for the transition to the new Ottoman cultural medium of print. It further suggests that as these actors adapted andcarried their skills to that medium, they themselves were influenced by the new technology of the press, and the novel ways of relating to the written word that came with it, in a profound way, with significant implications for the nature of scholarship and the shape of the scholarly career track during the period.

Afganistan televizyon yayıncılığının tarihsel seyri tıpkı siyasi tarihi gibi inişli çıkışlı süreçlere sahne olmuştur. Televizyon yayıncılığı yaşanan değişim ve dönüşümlerden hemen hemen her dönemde etkilenmiştir. 2001 yılından sonra Afganistan’da 200’den fazla televizyon kanalı, 150’ye yakın radyo istasyonu, 400’den fazla basılı yayın kurulmuştur. Bu medya kuruluşları Afganistan’da niceliksel olarak genişlemiş ve büyümüştür. Aynı zamanda farklı etnik, siyasi ve dini kesimlere ait televizyon kanalları da bulunmaktadır. Televizyon programları ise Afganistan’da yaşayan farklı ırk ve kültürleri bir araya getirme, bilgilendirme ve kültürel gelişmede önemli rol oynamaktadır.Bu çalışmanın temel amacı Afganistan’da televizyon yayıncılığının gelişimi ve siyasal dönüşümlerinin televizyon yayıncılığındaki etkilerini incelemektir. Bu bağlamda Afganistan’da 1978 yılında ilk televizyon yayıncılığının başlamasından 2021 yılına kadar olan dönem çalışma kapsamına alınmıştır. Aynı zamanda bu dönemdeki televizyon programları ve siyasi dönüşümlerin televizyon yayıncılığı üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. 11 Eylül 2001 saldırısından sonra ABD ve NATO müttefiklerinin Afganistan’a girmesi ile kamu televizyon kanalının yanı sıra özel televizyon kanalları da yayın hayatına başlamıştır. Kısa zamanda Afgan halkının günlük yaşam pratiklerinde vazgeçilmez bir araç haline gelen televizyon; yayın saatleri, program içerikleri, konuları, kahramanları ve dili ile yaygın bir yaşam kültürü oluşturmuş ve toplumsal hayatın her alanında önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Sonuç olarak Afganistan’da ilk televizyon yayınlarının başlaması Türkiye’den yaklaşık on yıl sonraki bir döneme denk gelmektedir. Afganistan’da da Türkiye’de olduğu gibi televizyon yayınlarına öncülük eden kurumlar devlet kurumlarıdır. İlk televizyon yayıncılığı her iki ülkede de devlet eliyle başlatılmıştır. Bu nedenle siyasal iktidarlar aynı zamanda televizyon yayınlarının düzenleme ve denetimini de gerçekleştirmektedir. Bu bağlamda Afganistan’da çeşitli hükümetler döneminde televizyon yayınlarının farklı politikalarla yürütüldüğü görülmektedir. Uydu ve internet teknolojisinin devreye girmesi de önemli bir etken olarak televizyon yayıncılığını etkilemiş ve ivme kazandırmıştır. 2021 yılı itibarıyla yönetime gelen Taliban hükümeti tarafından her ne kadar medyaya bir baskı uygulanmış olsa da internet teknolojisinin yaygınlaşması ile bu süreç geçmişe oranla çok daha farklı bir seyir izlemektedir. Bu çalışmada, Afganistan’da televizyon yayıncılığının; içerik üretimi, program çeşitliliği ve yayın akışlarının teknolojik gelişmelerden çok siyasal dönüşümlerin etkisinde kaldığı ve yayıncılık tarihine inişli çıkışlı bir sürecin hâkim olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Afganistan, Televizyon, Afgan TV Kanalları, Siyasi Dönüşüm

Distance education, also called distance learning, e-learning, and online learning, is a practice of teaching and learning in which teachers and learners are not in a closed class or room in person, but where education takes place through various new-media technologies and all parties (student–teacher, teacherteacher, student–student) are able to communicate, interact and exchange information and emotions. Being on the agenda of educational science for a long time now and gaining further importance during COVID-19 lockdowns, both advantages (e.g., reducing social anxiety, and a flexible schedule) and disadvantages (lack of social interactivity, and miscommunication) of distance education are highly debated in the related literature. Therefore, this study, through a qualitative method (i.e., a case study design and semi-structured interviews), aims to analyse the opinions and experiences of academics regarding distance education and its applications. The participants consist of 36 lecturers working at 16 different Turkish universities selected by the purposeful sampling method (i.e., typical case sampling). The results suggest that the participants still have doubts about online distance education, and they mention both ups (ease of connection, and cost-effectiveness) and downs (lack of self-motivation, socialization, and the sense of isolation) of it. Nonetheless, none of the academics thinks distance education will replace an in-person learning environment in the near future. Thus, this study presents a general illustration of distance education activities through the views of Turkish academics and gives recommendations for future digital/distance/online learning activities and functionalities.

Das frühe Erscheinen des Romans Ali und Nino in seiner türkischen Übersetzung spielt eine essenzielle Rolle in der Verbreitung des Mythos, dass nicht Essad Bey, sondern der aserbaidschanische Schriftsteller Yusif Vezir Chemenzeminli sein wahrer Autor sei. Ermöglicht wird die Verbreitung dieses Mythos durch den Istanbuler Journalisten und Übersetzer Semih Yazıcığolu, der im Vorwort zu seiner eigenen Übersetzung des Romans, die (heute bekanntermaßen unbegründeten) Chemenzeminli-Mutmaßungen der beiden Washingtoner ExilAserbaidschaner, Max (Mustafa) Türkekul und Yusif Kahraman kolportiert. Yazıcığolu hat sich vor allem als Übersetzer von James Bond-Romanen und anderen Krimis einen Namen gemacht. In seinem Vorwort von 1971 zu seiner Übersetzung von Ali und Nino verstand er es, die dürftigen Vermutungen Türkekuls und Kahramans nicht nur darzustellen, sondern auch fantasievoll auszubauen. In New York City, von wo aus Ali und Nino tatsächlich erst ab 1971, und auch erst in seiner englischen Übersetzung, seine ganz eigene internationale Strahlkraft entwickelte, wusste man es zwischenzeitlich allerdings besser: zwei „Kronzeugen\" waren im Sommer 1971 hervorgetreten: frühere Freunde Essad Beys, die glaubhaft versichern konnten, dass er der Autor war. Heute erscheint es fast wie ein genialer Plan oder wie ein genialer Zufall, dass das Wissen um den zumeist in Aserbaidschan spielenden Roman Ali und Nino gerade über die Türkei und das Türkische – aufgrund der sprachlichen, kulturellen und geografischen Nähe – durch den Eisernen Vorhang hindurch bis nach Baku wirken würde. Dies hat sich ebenfalls demgemäß erwiesen. In dem vorliegenden Vortag werden die Gründe erläutert, wieso der wahre Autor Essad Bey bei der Neuentdeckung des Romans unbekannt bleibt, bzw. verschwiegen wird, und warum die zweifelsfreie Zuschreibung an ihn im Gegensatz zum Chemenzeminli-Mythos untergeht. Erläutert wird weiterhin, wie genau der Roman durch den Eisernen Vorhang nach Baku gelangt, welche Wirkungen er dort entfaltet (Stichwort: KGB, Einschüchterung, Expertenmeinungen), die die mittlerweile nun über fünfzig Jahre lang andauernde Verwirrung um Essad Bey / Yusuf Vezir Chemenzeminli einläuten, welche Blüten diese treiben und wie sie dennoch keinen Bestand haben kann.

In dem vorliegenden Beitrag ist die Trilogie Die Sklavin in Anadolis Wüste. Eine Geschichte aus dem Freiheitskriege Griechenlands (1822) von Johann Andreas Christoph Hildebrandt (1763-1846) Gegenstand der Untersuchung. Ausgehend vom ersten Band handelt es sich hierbei um die Freundschaft einer griechischen und türkischen Familie, die durch den Einbruch des Krieges zerstört wird. Der Vater der türkischen Familie wird in den militärischen Dienst als JanitscharenFührer einberufen, der Vater der griechischen Familie, ein Kaufmann, gerät in schwierige Situationen. Die Haupthandlung umfasst das Leben im Exil der griechischen Protagonisten Paulowna, der Tochter des griechischen Kaufmanns, ihren Verkauf als Sklavin und die Reise von Constantinopel (heute Istanbul), über Smyrna (heute Izmir) und Anadolis Wüste (heute Anatolien) bis hin zur persischen Grenze (heute Iran). In Anbetracht des historischen Hintergrundes nimmt der Orientroman einen besonderen Stellenwert ein, denn es handelt sich hierbei um die realhistorischen Griechischen Befreiungskriege zwischen 1821-1829; jener Zeitrahmen also, in dem der Roman verschriftlicht und publiziert wurde. Deshalb soll in dem Werk sowohl das Türkenbild als auch der Philhellenismus untersucht werden. Es soll dargestellt werden, welche positiven und negativen Charaktereigenschaften den Türken als auch den Griechen in dem genannten Roman zugeschrieben werden, und ob mit der Feder des Autors eine Kritik gegenüber den Türken und/oder den Griechen zu erkennen ist.

Makalede, Türk Resminin soyut kimliği ve süreç içinde oluşan özgünlüğü konu edinilmiştir. Konu itibariyle ele alınan Türk Soyut Resmi ve Soyutlamacı eğilimler, kendine özgü bir kimlik geliştirmiştir. Ayrıca kimliğin gelişim boyutları ve özgünlük noktaları ele alınarak değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı: Türk Soyut Resminin anlam itibariyle kendi kimliğini örneklerle anlatmaktır. İnişli çıkışlı bir sanat tarihinin gelişim sürecinden bahsedilmiş ve Türk Soyut Resminin bu kimlik arayışının ve gelişiminin içinde kendine özgü bir yere sahip olduğu anlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Soyut ve soyutlama gerçekliği her zaman için Türk Resmi boyutlarında birbirlerini etkilemiş ve biçimlendirmiştir. Araştırma bu çerçevede sınırlandırılarak kurgulanmıştır. Çalışmanın problemi: Türk resim sanatında figüratiften soyutlamaya geçiş sürecinde non-figüratif sanat probleminin hala bütün boyutlarıyla çözümlenememiş olmasıdır. Bu da Türk kültür kimliğinin kendine özgü yapısının plastik sanatlara ve özellikle resme yansıması olarak düşünülmelidir. Makale hem görsellerle desteklenmiş, hem de belli çözümlemeler yapılmaya çalışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak: Türk Resim sanatında figüratiften non-figüratife geçiş süreçleri, soyut ve soyutlamacı sanatın mantığı enine boyuna tartışmaya açılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Resim, Soyut, Özgün, Kimlik, Yaratıcılık In the article, the abstract identity of Turkish Painting, its abstract identity of Turkish painting and the originality formed in the process are discussed. Abstract Painting and abstractionist tendencies have developed a unique identity in terms of the subject we have discussed. In this article, the development dimensions and originality points of this identity are discussed and evaluated. Purpose of the study: Turkish Official has struggled to search for its own identity in terms of meaning. The development process of a bumpy art history has been mentioned and Turkish Abstract Painting has a unique place in this search for identity and development. Abstract and abstraction reality have always influenced and shaped each other in the dimensions of Turkish Painting. The research was designed within this framework. The problem of the study: In the transition from figurative to abstraction in Turkish painting, the intricacies of the problems in the period of non-figurative process complexity have still not been solved. This should be considered as the reflection of the unique structure of Turkish cultural identity on plastic arts and especially on painting. The article was supported by visuals and certain analyzes were tried to be made. As a result: The transition processes from figurative to non-figurative in Turkish painting and the logic of abstract art have been opened for discussion. Keywords: Painting, Abstract, Original, Identity, Creativity

Bu makale, Osmanlı’da kimsesizlerin nasıl defnedildiklerine odaklanmaktadır. Dönem olarak XVIII. yüzyıl, mekân olarak ise Üsküdar seçilmiştir. Araştırmanın temel kaynağını Cumhurbaşkanlığı Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi’nde yer alan belge ve defter serileri ile kadı sicilleri teşkil etmektedir. Konuyla doğrudan ilgisinden dolayı öncelikle kimsesiz mallarının tasarruf hakkına sahip olan beytülmâl birimlerinin mahiyeti incelenmiştir. Ardından çalışmanın mekânsal kapsamını oluşturan Üsküdar’a ait beytülmâl gelirlerinin hangi kurum ve kişiler tarafından tasarruf edildiği tespit edilmiştir. Üsküdar’da beytülmâl gelirlerine ait sınırların belirlenmesinin ardından bu hudutlar dahilinde kimsesiz definlerinin nasıl icra edildiği konusu üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu çerçevede; Üsküdar’ın yalnız olarak vefat eden insanları kimlerdi? Kimsesizler öldüklerinde bunların cenazelerine kimler sahip çıkıyordu? Yılda ortalama kaç kimsesiz vefat ediyordu? Bu insanların cenaze masrafları nasıl finanse ediliyor ve kimler eliyle defnediliyorlardı? sorularına cevap aranmıştır. Tespit edilebilen ölüm sayıları, vefat yerleri ve defin masraflarına ilişkin istatistik veriler de çıkarılmıştır. Ayrıca göç ve salgın hastalıklar ile ölüm oranları arasındaki ilişkiler de tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. This study is based on how the orphans were buried in the Ottoman Empire by focusing on XVIIIth century Üsküdar example. The main source of this study is the documents and notebooks in the Presidency Ottoman Archive and the Ottoman Court Records. In this context, firstly the character of the state treasury units who had the right of action for the orphan’s properties was examined. Then, which individuals and institutions dominated Üsküdar’s treasury revenues were discovered. After determining the scope of treasury incomes in Üsküdar, how the orphan burials were carried out within this context was examined. In this regard, these questions are tried to be answered, who were the orphans of Üsküdar, who organize their funerals, how many orphans died in a year, how the expenses were financed and who buried these people? The identified number of deaths, place of death and funeral costs were given statistically. The connection between migration and epidemic diseases and death rates are tried to be determined.

The Greater Eurasian Partnership (GEP), introduced by Russia in 2015, is a regional integration project that aims to encompass the Eurasian Economic Union, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. With this broad spectrum, it embodies various forms of regionalism, arranges a flexible institutional structure for non-/governmental actors without denting their other regional affiliations and provides commercial, developmental, and security opportunities. Such features could also facilitate the GEP’s ability to enhance Turkey’s recent efforts to deepen its relations with Asia. In return, Turkey could play several key roles for the GEP with its “dialogue partner” status in the SCO, “Middle Corridor” initiative for the BRI, and well-established links in Central Asia. Originating from potential mutual interests, this study applies a theoretical perspective underlining the commonalities of various regionalism categories to analyze the GEP’s amalgamated nature and highlight its significance for Turkey’s political-economic priorities without undermining its traditional ties with the West.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of fiscal discipline on the dynamics of exchange rate pass-through during inflation targeting. The present study analyses the Turkish economy for the period 2006–2022 by the use of threshold regression models. Our results suggest that fiscal discipline, measured by the IMF-defined primary budget balance as a share of GDP (which excludes the one-off government revenues balance such as privatization, interest earnings, and real estate sales) has a significant role in inflation dynamics. The degree of exchange rate pass-through is significantly lower and thus raises the effectiveness of inflation targeting when the government ensues strict fiscal discipline

As a real time socio-scientific issue, the COVID-19 pandemic has clearly shown us the need for the public to understand science. As experts have repeatedly stressed in recent years, science education plays an important role in developing scientifically literate societies. In this context, it is critical to consider which subjects science educators frequently concentrate on and the messages they give to researchers, policymakers, and other stakeholders. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to use bibliometric data to understand the topics that the articles in the Journal of Research in Science Teaching (JRST), one of the flagship journals about science education and teaching, focused on over the last 20 years. This study employed both descriptive and bibliometric analysis. Based on data from the Web of Science (WoS), descriptive analyses are presented as frequencies and percentages and we used VOSviewer software for bibliometric analysis. Findings showed that more than 80% of the authors of the JRST are from the United States, Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Moreover, results of these analyses demonstrate that the researchers publishing in the JRST focused on two main ideas over the past 20 years: “Which science teaching methods and strategies are most effective?” and “What can be done to make science teaching more inclusive?” As a result, it can be clearly seen that JRST has special attention on inclusive approach in science education which should be designed to include traditionally underrepresented groups.

This article analyses the transformation of Robert College, the first American college founded abroad, from 1923 to 1970. Based on a careful investigation of Robert College archives and personal accounts of the College staff, it contends that the school’s missionary character acquired a new identity after the foundation of Republican Turkey. Robert College gradually abandoned its missionary tradition to become an institution of liberal learning in the service of westernizing Turkey. The College presidency and trustees have long elaborated on the new context and trends in liberal education in the United States. At the same time, the Turkish officers and graduates quickly adjusted to this new character immersed in secular values. The College’s transition involved a shared commitment going beyond political partnership, reflecting an intellectual vision that came out of long years of negotiations within the College establishment. Keywords: Missionaries, liberal education, history of United States, history of Turkey

Paylaşım ekonomisi son yıllarda internet ve sosyal medya kullanımının hayatımızda yaygınlaşması ile turizm endüstrisinde çeşitli platformlarda karşımıza çıkmaya başlamıştır. Yıkıcı yenilik adı altında incelenen paylaşım ekonomisi, turizm endüstrisinde konaklama ve ulaşım alanlarında daha çok karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Günlük hayatımızı derinden etkileyen internet ve sosyal medya platformları seyahat davranışlarımızda da etkisi olmaya başlamıştır. Özellikle turizm endüstrisindeki akıllı turizm uygulamaları bölgedeki sakinlerini, işletmeleri ve ziyaretçileri Airbnb uygulaması ile çokça etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmada, Türk turistlerin seyahat davranışlarının, paylaşım ekonomisinin öncülerinden Airbnb kullanımı ve gelecekteki kullanım niyetine nasıl etki ettiği araştırılmıştır. Veri anket yöntemi ile kolayda ve kartopu örnekleme ile toplanmış ve 385 katılımcının davranışları incelenmiştir. Buna göre, gençlerin seyahatlerinde Airbnb’yi daha çok tercih ettikleri görülmüştür. Aynı zamanda katılımcıların uzun gecelemelerinde ve yerel kültür ile etkileşimde olmak istedikleri ve bölgedeki özellikleri keşfetmek amacıyla Airbnb’yi tercih ettiği sonucuna varılmıştır. In recent years, with the widespread use of the internet and social media in our lives, the sharing economy has started to emerge on various platforms within the tourism industry. The sharing economy, under the name of disruptive innovation, is more common in the tourism industry in the fields of accommodation and transportation. Internet and social media platforms, which deeply affect our daily lives, have begun to have an impact on our travel preferences. Smart tourism applications, especially in the tourism industry, greatly affect the residents, businesses and visitors in the region with the Airbnb application. In this study, the impact of travel behavior of Turkish tourists on Airbnb usage and intention to use were investigated. Data were collected through questionnaire via convenience and snowball sampling techniques, and total of 385 respondents’ behaviors were examined. As a result, it was revealed that young people prefer Airbnb more for their travels. Additionally, it was concluded that the participants preferred Airbnb for their long overnight stays and to interact with the local culture and to explore the features in the region.